نشریه مهندسی جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 8 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The earth is a limited and nonrenewable natural resource that is affected by the pressures of population growth. For optimal use of this limited resource, awareness of land use and its changes is essential. These changes have the desired and unfavorable effects on rural settlements, which are generally divided into three categories of legal, economic and demographic factors, demographic factors are the most important factor in land use change and overlap the other two factors.This study examines the land use changes of Rasht city and the impact of demographic changes on it in a 15-year period. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytic, and data collection method is documentation-field study. The ENVI software, Arc GIS software and SPSS software were used for satellite image processing, drawing maps and data analysis, respectively to find out the land use changes from the Landsat satellite images. The results show that with the passage of time, construction and agriculture have been added to human applications, and arid, forest and water applications have been reduced.

The growth of population in recent years and the increasing urbanization have caused urban development and proper patterns of growth and urban body development to become very important. To organize the scattered urban surface areas, modern patterns are used for urban planning such as the smart growth. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate and analyze the land use in Ilam City based on the theory of smart urban growth. The research is analytical-descriptive. The data is gathered by documentary method and field method. The intended indices have been weighed according to the opinions of 80 experts in urban affairs and by the use of AHP Model and then they have analyzed and evaluated the four districts of Ilam City by the use of multi-criteria decision making analysis, ELECTRE, and based on the indices of smart urban growth. The findings reveal that land use distribution in Ilam City is not standard. Moreover, in ranking the districts, district number one has the most compatibility with the indices of smart urban growth which indicates that the current land use in this district is more appropriate and compatible with the principles of smart urban growth comparing other districts.

Climate elements have a great impact on human comfort. This study analyzes the climate comfort in the selected large cities. In selecting cities was tried from all regions of the country is selected a representative. The purpose of this research is to identify suitable seasons from the perspective of climatic conditions for tourist activities in 15 tourist cities of the country, which can be used by tourists as well. The Most elements have caused in the human comfort is temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall. In this study, data on climatic parameters in the period of 30 years (1981- 2010) was received from the meteorological organization. After obtaining information about climate parameters, extraction of climatic zones affecting tourism activities was performed and then the percentage of daily frequency of effective elements was calculated. In the next step based on (AHP) model as a weighting the degree of importance elements we have achieved to the climate desirability of each element.  Finally, have identified suitable areas based on climatic comfort in the studied cities in different seasons. The results show that during the Comfort's climate is different in different areas and in all seasons can find the region that has a good climate. According to climatic comfort condition, the most suitable climatic conditions in the spring is respectively in the cities of Mashhad, Rasht, Tabriz, Kermanshah and Isfahan, in the summer the cities of Rasht, Ardabil, Mashhad, Hamadan, and Tabriz, in the autumn in The cities of Bushehr, Bandar Abbas, Ahvaz, Tehran and Semnan and in winter the cities of Bandar Abbas, Ahvaz, Bushehr, Semnan and Zahedan.

global surface temperatures to a wide variety of scientific studies of climatology and meteorology and hydrology, ecology, geology, medical science, design and optimization of transport network and locating fires is required This study aimed to investigate the temperature on Earth Its digital elevation models using geostatistical environment (GIS) in Yazd province is the research of DEM (13M) and meteorological data were used to assess temperature with a 20-year period beginning on the regression equation for each May be then prepared for analysis of the collected data at the end of rastercalculator tool for disorders F Oscillation all months of the tool was used cellstatistics software used in this study include: Arc Gis and Excel are the results of this study revealed that parameter H in accordance with the temperature of the surface of the earth in order to agree with each other such that in areas with high temperature on low ground, and Balksh evaluated the results of this study showed that in the months months (June- July_ August) compared to the other months of the swing high temperature fluctuations belong to the city of Tabas, PA; Ardakan, Bafg, gets; Tabriz.

Due to the special ecological and socio-economic situation prevailing in Iran and also having a 26% share of the country's population, the rural and nomadic community of Iran is facing various risks, due to the necessity and importance of expanding social insurance coverage for comprehensive and sustainable development of rural areas. Will be more obvious. One of the most important goals of the formation of the Social Insurance Fund for Farmers, Villagers and Nomads is to strive for the expansion of social justice, poverty reduction, deprivation of rural areas, rural development and sustainability of the population in rural areas by improving social security and Economic pointed out. The subject of this study is to explain the factors affecting the performance of the social fund of farmers, villagers and nomads in Sarvabad city. In the research hypotheses, the effect of economic, social, cultural and geographical factors on the social insurance fund of farmers, villagers and nomads in Sarvabad city has been investigated. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The sample size was selected using Cochran's 371 person formula. But only 126 questionnaires could be used among the collected questionnaires. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Based on the results, social factors (3.14) and cultural factors (3.13) have an impact on the social insurance fund of farmers, Russians and nomads is above average, and economic factors (2.65) and geographical factors (2.62) have a lower impact on They have an insurance fund.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dimensions of the sustainability charter (environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional) on the satisfaction of residents in the development of sustainable tourism. The present research is a descriptive research and based on the method of doing it. The statistical population of the study is all residents of Zanjan, Khodabandeh and Soltanieh counties. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected by simple random sampling. The primary data collection tool was the standard Cutter et al. (2013) questionnaire which was localized with some changes. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.915 and its validity was confirmed by face form and KMO analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and simple and multivariate regression methods. The results show that environmental, economic, socio-cultural and institutional dimensions have a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of community residents in the development of sustainable tourism. Regression analysis shows the significance of all four research hypotheses and the regression model is significant for all hypotheses. Also, the results of multivariate regression show that the regression coefficient is significant for the environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. Regression coefficients are not significant for the variables of economic and institutional dimensions, in other words, these two dimensions can not predict the satisfaction of residents with sustainable development of tourism along with environmental and socio-cultural dimensions, but alone have a positive and significant effect.

Drought is one of the most complicated disaster, its adverse effects on dryland agriculture are more pronounced than other sectors.. The aim of this study was to investigate the drought situation in the Simineh river basin watershed at four stations Synoptic Bukane, Mahabad, Miandoab and Saqez conditions for moisture content of wheat dried grapes in the four years 2007-2010 were analyzed and analyzed to determine the drought stress on the yield of wheat from the 22nd to the 43rd week in the light of the growth and development of rain fed wheat in the region The study was conducted weekly using Palmer's Moisture Index (CMI).. CMI results indicate that in the period of grain filling between 20May and 15June, there is a negative moisture drought index (CMI), which indicates the effect of drought on the performance of the wheat field. Drying plant is in good moisture conditions, but the stations of Bookan, Mahabad and The midsection is tense and the amount of moisture in 2010 is negative in all stations and the area is in severe drought.

The expansion of urban areas is an issue that has preoccupied planners and researchers for many years and the interest on these issues is expected to continue in the future. Such that Nowadays spatial distribution analysis, modeling and prediction of temporal variation and characteristics structure of cities - a place which has become an important research topics. Urban sprawl, a kind of urban poor is one of the major concerns of urban planners and managers. In recent decades, urban growth analysis from different perspectives to an operation essentially has become essential for many reasons.present research approach with" analysis to evaluation and ranking services the amount of thirteen districts in the triple city Noorabadi Mamasani the dependencies of Fars province. First quarters to enjoyment of these services with the use of the coefficient of Models changes and statistics examined and then using the model decision making several criteria to assess topsis and enjoying this urban slums of urban services has been dealt with. The results indicate that the discrepancies in the amount of enjoyment of the quarters of the city facilities is seen to be. So that the city central neighborhood hence of one and two neighborhood of Area two are High level. In the event that Eskan Ashaier and Dorahie neighborhoods Separated of the city center especially four and five neighborhood one area that has been scattered throughout the city Nurabad In the category of features and utilities are excluded. And Higher level includes dense and central areas the city.

Today, the tourism industry, especially its urban branch, has a special place in the economies of countries and has an active and effective role in promoting the socio-economic and cultural structure of countries, especially in developing countries.The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance and position of the role of urban tourism in economic development of Shahidezh in terms of "analytical-comparative" method. For potentiometric and tourism analysis of Shahidezh city and its role in economic development, Swat model and ANP model have been used in Super Decisions software to determine the most suitable strategy for increasing the tourism potential in Shahidjeh city. The results of the analysis of internal and external factors affecting tourism showed that the adjustment and reduction of 0.331 point indicators with a score of 0.331 to increase tourism potential is of great importance compared to other dimensions of SWOT technique. On the other hand, the formation of the internal and external factors evaluation matrix and the calculation of the factor's total score, the total score of the strategies and the increase of tourism potential were calculated for four competitive / invasive strategies (SO), diversity (ST), review (WO) and defensive (WT) Strategy (SO) with average total score (0.32) was selected as the most appropriate strategy for increasing tourism capacity and potential for economic development of Shahinandeh.

Due to the specific situation of developing countries and the crisis of funding in these countries, the possibility of financing and financial resources required for project development is great as a structural problem emerged. This trend is due to the increase in population in the past and urbanization, the need to build and run the project, residential, office, commercial and entertainment etc and supply per capita of those in urban areas has increased. So choose the method of financing improvements to the project and recommended that the city of Yazd in this research study about Complex City Center, try to be the optimal choice. This is a practical application of mathematical - analytical methods. Total data with survey method and questionnaire. The population of this research are experts that proper sample size using the Delphi panel of 50 people were selected. In order to analyze the data, the AHP algorithm and implementation of the software applicationexcel And expert choice Has been used. The results of mathematical showed that method finance total weight of 0.170 in the first place, method refinance with a total weight of 0.142 of the priorities of the second and the method uzanse weighing 0.122 in third method of Optimal selection of projects and the merchants of the recreational of to construction to project business and recreational, case study: complex city center yaz.

The Sabzevar slaughterhouse is the only active killing center in the city with an area of 15,000 square meters, located one kilometer east of Sabzevar Airport, which lasts for nearly four decades. The slaughterhouse, like most food industries, produces waste that requires consistent management and emphasis on waste minimization and reduction, the policy that has been taken into account in industrial waste management over the last two decades. In order to modify the effects of industrial waste slaughterhouses in Sabzevar, the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) was designed with the aim of integrated environmental and health monitoring to reduce the threats posed by these slaughterhouses. In the present study, 15 proposed strategies were evaluated by experts and 10 indicators derived from the theoretical framework of the research were evaluated. In the matrix of achievement of the goals, the two indicators were compared. The strategy of preventing sewage penetration into the surrounding land, which is the highest in the number 1, is considered as the first priority. Subsequently, the environmental monitoring strategies of the slaughterhouse projects and projects, the quality improvement of the slaughterhouse environment with the aim of controlling environmental pollution and redeployment to transfer the industrial area to the inappropriate distance with the airport in order to eliminate the smell smeared in The airport, which ranks between 1 and 0.5, has the second priority, respectively.

Walking is not only a promising and beneficial way of not only improving public health, but reducing the consumption of resources and land, reducing air pollution and noise disturbance and emissions of greenhouse gases in urban environments. While walking is still associated with negative outcomes in public health. Dangers such as vehicle crashes, falls, falls, and other environmental threats have posed a serious challenge to urban traffic. Urban streets are environments in which all citizens have to walk in it; it is necessary to provide suitable conditions for walking for all citizens of different ages and with any physical ability. This research uses the PSI index to identify the pedestrian safety problems on the streets A city has been located in the central part of Qom city The snake and information about the documents and field observations of the researcher were measured. The research material was applied in terms of descriptive-analytical process and in terms of the method of collecting documentary-field data and in the data analysis, quantitative method was used. The results of the research showed that streets of martyrs The fifth Khordad and the martyrs of Ammar Yasir are the most insecure ones and the streets of Safayeh and Eram are considered to be the safest streets. On the other hand, improper pavement of sidewalks as

IntroductionLooking for environmental issues, sustainable development concept was introduced in 1987 by Land Brandt Report.Methodology In this regard, the concept of sustainable urban planning theorist in the form of a compact city and smart growth on the agenda. This study aimed at analyzing the spatial characteristics of urban smart growth in the four areas of Ardebil. This study applied a method of "descriptive - analytic" has been done. Using Multi-Attribute Decision Making VIKOR and Shannon entropy weighting method, the first urban area to urban smart growth indices are ranked and marked inequalities, Then through the Geographic Information System (GIS) at the level of urban areas have been addressed. Results and discussion Based on the results of the application of VIKOR, these regions each rank different to have won, so that the four areas of the city in terms of the amount of selected indicators of development such as the terms of indices, the region has a highest rate and the second region has the lowest exercise. This indicates a significant difference inequality and growth in some areas of the city of ArdebilConclusion. In a general conclusion we can say that, in the Ardabil to achieve sustainable urban development, to smart growth strategy as part of a sustainable strategy to be discipline. The city will be able to achieve a balanced spatial distribution.

Today, cities are faced with numerous problems, such as the lack of equal access for all citizens to urban services, due to the expansion of urbanization and the increasing population growth. In the meantime, educational services as one of the most important urban utilities that receive significant levels of urban space are faced with problems such as scarcity, disproportionate distribution and disproportionate demographic needs, lack of adjacency. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to analyze the distribution of educational centers in the city of Piranshahr and to organize it appropriately. The research method is analytical-practical. In order to categorize and analyze these data, the nearest neighbors average, Moran's I index and network analysis model are used. For this operation, ARC / GIS and Super Decisions software have been used. The results of the research indicate that the educational centers of Piranshahr have difficulty adapting to other uses and access. The maps from the research results suggest suitable spaces for the construction of educational places.

Ecotourism resorts have been established for several years in villages around large cities with historical and natural monuments and are supported by the responsible organizations.On the other hand,the problems of urbanization and nature-friendly nature of man is a factor to provide the means of rural development through tourism and its services. This applied research aims to create ecotourism resorts and its role on the development of rural settlements in the direction of sustainable regional development, using information,descriptive-survey and through interviews with experts to identify the component And then the identified factors in the form of fuzzy Delphi questionnaire at the disposal of a statistical sample of384residents of rural areas of Chaharestan,Mazandaran (North),Fars(South),Ilam(West)and South Khorasan(East)Were randomly distributed and the data were analyzed using SPSS software in the form of factor analysis. The results of the study were extracted from the reduction of37variables, expressing8factors,of which79.90%indicate the satisfactory factor analysis and the studied variables,therefore,the employment factor explains72.19%of the effectiveness of ecotourism resorts.Which includes creating direct and indirect employment, expanding job opportunities for women and creating new job opportunities;The factor of increasing production and income with a variance of17.32and the factor of strengthening local identity with a variance of13.96,the highest percentage and physical-architectural factors with a variance of3.9and socio-cultural factors with a variance of 1.38 have the lowest percentage of ecotourism resorts on rural development Explain the case study. Also, one-sample t-test, the fourth factor with a statistic of 8.64 and the first factor with a statistic of7.51had the most role in this field.