نشریه علوم ورزش
پیاپی 39 (پاییز 1399)

The purpose of this study was to identify and validate the indicators and components affecting the International Development of Table Tennis in Iran. From the paradigm perspective, the present study was a type of pragmatism, mixed approach, exploratory-field nature, phenomenological and survey strategy, and applied in terms of purpose. The data collection method was indepth and semi-structured interviews (qualitative section) and a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was experts from the national tennis teams of Iran, including the coaches of the national tennis teams of Iran, senior managers in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Tennis Federation. The coaches of the various tennis leagues, the tennis boards, the staff and experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Iranian Tennis Federation formed the sample members of the research in a small section. At first 226 initial codes including 13 main categories and 37 pivotal categories regarding the factors affecting the international development of tennis in Iran were counted, totally the number of these codes were 460. The reliability coefficient of qualitative research re-coding was calculated to be 0.84. The apparent and content validity in the form of CVR and CVR forms was approved by experts and the validity of the research questionnaire after performing the exploratory analysis process. Fit of the model with SRMR calculation equal to 0.066 which showed the optimal fit of the model. Economic factors (0.503), social factors (0.438), infrastructure development (0.43) and technical and specialized factors (0.44), motivational factors (0.373), media factors (0.518), the nature of tennis (0.004) ), Talent identification (0.497), managerial factors (0.530), government and governance (0.458), educational institutions and development of public sports (0.472) as indicators and components affecting the international development of tennis are discovered and validated in which all were reported to have high and medium quality upwards with Q2 calculation

The main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time The main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time attitudes and work-leisure conflicts with physical activity leisure time satisfaction in ministry of sports and youth employees. The present study was a descriptive study of structural equation modeling and is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, which is 890 people. The minimum statistical sample based on Cochran's formula using simple random sampling method were 268 people. In this study, the standard questionnaires of work-leisure conflicts with leisure time, leisure behavioral attitude and leisure time satisfaction self-structure questionnaire were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that attitudes toward leisure have a significant positive effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. Also, fatigue-based conflict has a significant negative effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. In addition, time-based conflict does not have a significant effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth hold family programs, including walking, cycling conferences, etc., to improve their physical satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performance feedback on work engagement with the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. Regarding the research purpose, this research considered applied and from strategic point of view was quantitative and was a correlation research. The statistical population of this study was staff of Ministry of Sport and Youth. In this study, by using Morgan table, 269 subjects were selected by stratified method. The research instruments were the Schaufeli and Baker (2003) bonding questionnaire; the Spritzer Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) and the Nahapit&Gucal Social Capital Questionnaire (1998). According to the purpose of the research, partial least squares method was used by Smart PLS software version 6/2/3. The findings of the study indicated that performance feedback was positively and significantly correlated with bonding, psychological empowerment, and social capital. The results of the Sobel test confirmed the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital. Also, the results of the VAF test of psychological empowerment at 0/28 and social capital at 0/34 play a mediating role in influencing performance feedback on bonding. What is obtained from the results of this research is that work engagement is correlated with performance feedback, empowerment and social capital of the Ministry of Sport and Youth staff. Therefore, the results of the Ministry of Youth and Sports executives can be effective in enhancing bonding by providing effective performance feedback to their staff.

This study aimed to present a model for sport tourism development in Lorestan province with emphasis on social factors. Research method of this study was a survey based on structural equation modeling and applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study after determining the research model was all sport tourists in Lorestan province. According to Cochran formula and cluster random sampling method in the first and second stage of non-probability, sampling method 384 persons were selected as research sample. The data-gathering tool in this study was based on expert opinions including 5 dimensions and 29 items. The social factors considered in this study include security, socio-cultural, economics, tourism services and advertising. University professors and experts in terms of content validity approved these questionnaires. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of cultural and social dimensions was 0. 94 for economic 0. 97 for security 0. 96 for quality of tourism services 0. 92 and 0. 94 for advertisement. To analyze data, descriptive statistics, chart, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of skewness and elongation test, T-test and SWARA and structural equation modeling were used. The results of T-test showed that the social factors studied in this study respectively security (30. 261), socio-cultural (28. 121), quality of tourism services (25. 759), economics (25. 433) and advertisement (20. 307) had a significant effect on the development of sport tourism in Lorestan province. Among all of these factors, security 30. 261 has obtained the first rank in effects of sport tourism development. According to the results of the structural equation modeling, the main research model had a good fit, according to which the conceptual model of sport tourism development with emphasis on social factors had the required optimality and fit. Also, all independent variables studied can predict sports tourism development variables in Lorestan province. So, it is concluded that authorities should focus on all social variables to design tourism development model.

In recent years, the utilization of Information Technology (IT) in various sportive areas, especially football, has increased. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of IT on the quality of Iran Pro League (The highest division of professional football in Iran) referees' performance. The research design of the present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included 200 referees working in Iran Pro League in 2017 and it is a finite population (N=20). The questionnaires of accepting and applying IT as well as the Supervision and Monitoring form were used to measure the studied variables in the research. The Sign test was used for comparing the referees' performances before and after utilizing IT. The multivariate regression analysis was used for investigating the relationships and SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the results. The significance level was considered P<0.05. The results of this research showed that the performance difference among referees before and after utilizing IT is significant (Sig=0.001). Also, the findings suggest that there is a positive and significant relationship between the utilization of IT and the quality of referees' performance (Sig=0.001). Among the subscales of IT, the highest share of clarification belongs to the subscale of willingness of applying IT with regression coefficient 0.567 and other subscales like understanding the easiness of applying IT (0.531), the attitude towards IT (0.460), understanding the usefulness of IT (0.416) and the utilization of IT (0.388) follow, respectively. Based on the results of the research, the authorities of the referee committee are advised to utilize the instructions related to the utilization of IT for decreasing referees' mistakes.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on AKT1/ PI3K expression and Insulin sensitivity in liver Hepatocyte of obese Vistar rats. The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in Iran. To create obesity, a high-fat diet was used for 8 weeks. 16 obese rat having similar condition were selected and randomly divided into 2 obese groups (control and aerobic exercise). To prepare a high-fat diet, 1% cholesterol powder and 1% pure corn oil were added to the standard diet of rats purchased from Parsdam Food Company. Rats in animal laboratory under controlled light conditions (12 hours light and 12 hours dark, start of lighting 6 pm and start of extinction 6 am and temperature 22 ± 3 ° C and humidity about 30 to 60%) were maintained. The use of a high-fat diet continued until the end of the study. The aerobic exercise program was performed for 6 weeks in 5 sessions per week with a gradual increase in speed (18 to 22 meters per minute) and time (10 to 55 minutes in the form of running on a treadmill). All rats 48 hours after the last training session were autopsied. The results showed that 6 weeks of aerobic training led to a significant reduction in fasting glucose in obese Wistar rats. On the other hand, it increased AKT1 / PI3K expression and insulin sensitivity in liver tissue of obese Wistar rats (P≤0.05).

The overall purpose of the present study was to mapping the effect of strategic thinking on organizational prestige through the mediating role of organizational political behavior of employees in Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research methodology is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N = 950). According to Cochran formula the sample size was estimated to be 330. Samples were randomly selected from statistical population. Three questionnaires of organizational political behaviors Kasmar and Carlsen (1997), organizational prestige questionnaire Sarmad et al (2011) and strategic thinking questionnaire Bashirbanaem (2011) were used to collect research data. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was also reported through Cronbach's alpha test which are organizational political behaviors (a=0/87), organizational prestige (a=0/77), and strategic thinking (a =0/86). To calculate data, SPSS software version 25 and Amos software version 23 were used. The results showed that the organizational political behaviors in relationship with the effect of the dimension of strategic thinkingon the organizational prestige of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth do not have a mediating role. It can be said that strategic thinking has a direct impact on organizational prestige. and, political behavior cannot act as mediator. It can be concluded from the results that if there are no political behaviors in an organization, the organization can use its forces and capitals for promoting the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Enhancing organizational prestige can bring good reputation among other organizations.

The purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football.

The purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football.

The purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the branding of the Iranian Football League. The statistical population in the qualitative part is experts who had scientific and managerial expertise in the field of sports management and in the quantitative part includes managers and employees of the league organization - managers, supervisors, coaches, players and referees working in the national league organization. Twelve people in the qualitative section and 300 people in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the available method. 12subjects in the qualitative section and 300 subjects in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the accessible method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured that the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 10 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and for prioritization, Freidman test was used. The results of the Friedman test showed that the factors of hardware, international relations, planning, financial and marketing resources, rules and regulations, human resources, brand value, technology, technology and information, safety and security had the highest priority. Therefore, these factors can be used as a rational basis for branding the Iranian Football League.

The role of attention in the performance of athletes is important in theory and practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of internal focus of attention based on balance and external focus of attention based on the accuracy of the Abdoliochagi in scoring from the e-hogu of girls of Taekwondo. The research design was pre-test and post-test with control group. The participants in this study were 45 female athletes from the age group of 10-14 having the red belt. After the pretest, participants were randomly divided into three group balance, accuracy, and control. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the adjusted mean scores of the Abdoliochagi Impact Score of the attention-focused group, the balance-based and non-focused attention group. Therefore, the focus of attention based on accuracy and balance did not have a significant effect on the scores obtained from the Abdoliochagi Impact. According to the results of this study, it is recommended that coaches during training and competitions do not emphasize on the focus of the athlete's inner attention on the balance and the focus of the external attention on the accuracy of the strikes in order to score points from the opponent

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the open policy of public sports in Iran using AHP. The present study was a descriptive research in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population consisted of staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, the Federation of Public Sports and faculty members familiar with the research literature. In the present study, the opinions of 15 experts were collected during a semistructured interview in a purposeful manner until the theoretical saturation was reached. The method of hierarchical analysis was used to identify the components. Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. Factors of networking, technology and social media, cross-sectoral cooperation, legislation and policymaking, public participation, behavioral economics, empowerment and reform of the structure of public sports were identified as effective factors on open public sports policy in Iran. The results of the hierarchical analysis process showed that the factors of networking order (0.312), cross-sectoral cooperation (0.292), public participation (0.256), legislation and policymaking (0.212), reforming the structure of public sports, respectively. (0.182), technology and social media (0.179), empowerment (0.153) and behavioral economics (0.113) have been prioritized. The results showed that the eight factors of networking, technology and social media, cross-sectoral cooperation, legislation and policy, public participation, behavioral economics, empowerment, and structural reform affect the open policy of public sports in Iran.

Finding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors involved in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university. This research has an applied orientation and is a mixed research in which is exploratory from qualitative point of view and is a survey research from quantitative view point.The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of managers and faculty members related to the research subject, 22 of whom were selected by purposive quota sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative section was the educational managers of the Azad University units including 381 persons. According to the condition of sufficient sample size for factor analysis, 200 were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection method is the quantitative section, Libraries and semi – structured interviewed based on saturation in data collection, and at the quantitative stage a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was performed to confirm the questionnaire by experts. Delphi method was used for qualitative analysis of research variables and factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis then the goodness of fit indices and Freedman was used in SPSS and LISREL soft wares. The results revealed that behavioral factors influencing students' participation in university leisure activities can be classified into three structural, interactive (interpersonal) and individual components. These results can help the officials formulate sports university strategies and policies.