نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 151 (بهمن و اسفند 1399)

He efficacy of methods for amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolation, culture, and biological characterization faces serious challenges. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of methods for amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolation, culture, and differentiation in cell culture.

In this experimental laboratory study, ten placenta specimens were obtained from pregnant mothers during cesarean section and amniotic membranes were separated. The protocol for isolation and culture of mesenchymal cells was optimized by enzymatic method. The morphological characteristics of mesenchymal cells were examined by invert microscopy and biological characteristics were measured by flow cytometry and differentiation capacity was evaluated by mesenchymal cells capacity to differentiate to osteocyte and adipocyte. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

The expression level of CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD29 was significant in cells isolated from the human amniotic cell membrane. CD14, CD34, and CD45 were not expressed or slightly expressed. The cells had high viability and successfully differentiated into osteocyte and adipocyte.

The protocol used in this study to isolate and culture human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells was highly efficient to prepare mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering.

The effect of short-term sprint interval training (SIT) on the male reproductive system is one of the important issues that has not been studied so far. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SIT on sperm parameters and spermatogenesis indices in adult, male Wister rats.

This was an experimental study in which 20male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, control (n = 10) and SIT (n = 10). The training was performed thrice weekly for five weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, four rats from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed, and then tissue, serum, and sperm evaluations were conducted. Data were analyzed by an independent t-test using SPSS software version 22 (p < 0.05).

In the SIT group, serum testosterone levels, testicular interstitial fat density and the number of Leydig cells were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermiogenesis index (SI), repopulation indices (RI), and the number, mobility and sperm viability were significantly lower in the SIT group in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). However, the number of seminiferous cells, the diameter of seminiferous tubules, the thickness of the seminiferous tubular epithelium, the sperm DNA damage, and the sperm chromatin quality were not significantly different between groups (P>0.05).  

Based on the findings of this study, it seems that short-term SIT training may improve aerobic capacity and some hormonal and reproductive indices. However, as it may reduce some sperm parameters and spermatogenesis indices more research is needed to determine the best intensity and duration of SIT for reproductive purposes.

Depression is one of the five most common diseases in the world with a prevalence of 4.4%, and Ustokhoddus is recommended for its treatment. This study was designed to determine the effects of Lavandula. officinalis extract on a mouse model of reserpine-induced depression.

Seventy-two mice were randomly divided into 9 groups: Normal saline, control extract (200 mg/kg), reserpine, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) + reserpine, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) + extract (200 mg/kg) + reserpine, Three extract pretreated groups (100-200 and 400 mg/kg) + reserpine. Extract and fluoxetine were administrated by gavages daily, for 10 days, 30 min before reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally. Behavioral evaluations were done by forced swimming, tail suspension, elevated plus maze and open field tests.

Immobility time was enhanced by reserpine (210.37 ± 2.43 as compared with normal saline 109.75 ± 3.13) and the extract decreased it, dose-dependently (140.75± 5.84 and 110.125 ± 6.46, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively) as the same as fluoxetine (p < 0.05), in forced swimming test. The combination of extract and fluoxetine caused a reduction of immobility time more effective than each one alone. The results obtained from tail suspension were similar to the forced swimming test.

L. officinalis hydroalcoholic extract improved the depression-like behavior caused by reserpine. The effect of the combination of the extract and fluoxetine was additive.

Autophagy plays an important role in the aging process. Exercise is known to be one of the most important modulators of aging; however, the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on autophagy are not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of HIIT on protein levels of sestrin 2, AMPK, beclin1 and ULK1 in skeletal muscle of elderly rats.

Twenty-old male Wistar rats (18 months) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. After estimating the maximum speed, rats in the experimental group participated in 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training of running on the treadmill (5-8 sets of running for 2 minutes at an intensity of 80-100 VO2Max with rest intervals of running for 2 minutes at an intensity of 50 VO2Max) five sessions per week. Skeletal muscle tissue samples were extracted 48 hours after the last training session to measure protein levels of factors assessed. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

HIIT resulted in a significant increase in protein levels of sestrin 2 (P=0.01), p-AMPK (P=0.005), beclin1 (P=0.001), and ULK1 (P=0.03) in the experimental group compared to control one.

It seems that HIIT can play a regulatory role in autophagy through the sestrin 2 / AMPK pathway and modulate subsequent progression of changes associated with aging in the skeletal muscle of elderly rats.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of core stability on swissball and suspension exercises on core stability and static and dynamic balance in women with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).

Participated and randomly divided into three groups: ball exercise (BE) group (N=11), suspension exercise (SE) group (N=11), and control group (N=10), The BE group and the SE group performed their exercise protocols for 8 weeks (three sessions per week), During this period, the control group did not experience any exercise. The core stability, static and dynamic balance assessed Pre and Post-intervention using Functional test and Biodex Balance System respectively. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA.

The research findings showed that all of the factors were significant differences in the experimental group from pre-test to post-test, but this difference was not observed in the control group (P≤0.05). Based on the results of the intergroup comparison, core stability, static and dynamic balance were different significantly between experimental and control groups, but this difference was not observed between the two experimental groups (P≤0.05).

The results of this study indicated that despite the different means of endurance factors of stability, the 8 weeks of core stability on swissball and suspension exercises had a significant same effect on core stability and static and dynamic balance in women with NSLBP. Due to the different means from the pre-test to post-test, if both exercise protocols are performed in a longer duration, SE may be more effective in improving core stability. Also, BE may be more effective in improving balance due to the nature and shape of the ball. In future studies, it is necessary to be considered the Pendulum and Vector Resistance principle during SE.

Some studies have demonstrated that acute caffeine ingestion induces reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects and shift glycemic homeostasis toward hyperglycemia. So, this study aimed to investigate the caffeine treatments on some of glycemic index and insulin sensitivity responses in the serum of type 2 diabetic rats.

In experimental design, thirty male wistar rats with an age range of 3-2 months and weight range 300-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups of homogeneous 10 rats in each group: Healthy control (C), Diabetic control (D): high-fat diet combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a low dose 35 mg/kg-1 i.p and Diabetic with supplement (D+CA): intraperitoneal injection of pure caffeine at 70 mg/kg-1 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The 48-hours after last caffeine administration bout, fasting serum glucose and insulin levels and HOMA-IR and QUICKI were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA for any statistical significant differences between the study groups.

The results showed that the induction of type 2 diabetes causes a significantly increase in fasting serum glucose and insulin levels (P=0.001). Whereas, caffeine administration caused exacerbated in increased serum glycemic index levels in compared to other groups (P=0.001). Also, insulin resistance and sensitivity index in diabetic groups increased and decreased, respectively (P=0.001).

Based on the results of this study, chronic caffeine treatment have deleterious  effect on glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity index in type two diabetes.