فصلنامه پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
پیاپی 67 (زمستان 1399)

This inquiry is a historical narrative of Ralph Tyler’s career and his ideas in the field of curriculum studies. Tyler begin his research and academic career in an era in which many educators and teachers’ practice was based on unexamined and non-sophisticated beliefs. Hi managed to bridge between philosophical thoughts of great educators like Dewey and Herbart and practical concerns of experts like Thorndike, Charters and Bobbitt and successfully reduced his perceived gap between curriculum theory and practice. In this historical narrative, some of the Tyler’s insightful research findings, reflective beliefs, and areas of deliberation are explored, which could play a significant role in deeper understanding of his so-called rational-linear model. Some of the most noteworthy conclusions are mentioned as below: abstract instruction of mathematical operations is as effective as atomistic or behavioristic instruction of these operations; developing an authentic evaluation method is a very important task for true implementation of Dewey’s problem solving and Kilpatrick’s project method; formative evaluation is not for judging about student learning or teacher performance, but it’s for apprising the effectiveness of curriculum; the process of curriculum planning is not absolutely linear; and the purpose of evaluation is improving instruction and teachers’ coordination. In this historical inquiry Tyler’s participatory and realistic approach and his curiosity and efforts for reducing the gap between curriculum theory and practice are highlighted.

The present research aimed to Exploring the lived experience of teachers in marginalized schools about border student. Giroux's theory of border Education is adopted as a base of this Research. Research methods were qualitative method of phenomenological analysis. Eight teachers from three marginal schools of Yazd province were investigated. The description of teachers' perceptions of marginalize students through phenomenology and through semi-structured interviews. Findings were analyzed by validity data coding method based on Smith's method.After deep interviewing, five categories of teacher, student, curriculum, formal education, and family were identified and categorized into twelve categories and eleven sub-categories. The results show that existence of a centralized system and the topic of education, the type of family education, the lack of richness of the textbooks of indigenous knowledge are among the factors that make the formal education system of Iran empty of the presence of border education.

Recontextualization is one of the new subjects that has been discussed in Iran and tries to study various sciences in the context of curriculum studies. Climate change is a science that deals with climate change and its effects. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new context in the higher education curriculum and tries to incorporate climate concepts into curriculum studies. Hence, this is applied research with regard to the goals that have been and qualitative in terms of the type of data and is conducted within a research analytical of documentary type framework. The data for this study was gathered through a documentary study. Among the documents discussed in this regard, the documents available to the researcher in the period from 2018 to 2020 related to Bernstein's Theory have been used. The result is that by modeling Bernstein's theory, a new context can be created in the higher education curriculum called climate change and made the classrooms a place to base lofty thinking on the protection of life on earth.

The present study, by reviewing the current state of the university's general curriculum, which aims to educate responsible citizens, has provided a model for interdisciplinary curriculum design. The research was conducted in a heuristic (qualitative-quantitative) mixed paradigm. In the qualitative part, studying and identifying the areas of global citizenship education in the academic curriculum in Iran were considered. Thematic analysis was used on two levels of electoral documents and headings approved by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. Data were collected through content analysis, checklist and checklist. Document analysis was used to analyze the data. In the quantitative section, a descriptive survey method was used and the statistical population of the program was 145 people. The researcher-made questionnaire was designed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91 and content validity. Chi-square and Friedman tests were used for data analysis. According to the findings in the qualitative part of the general curriculum system, its focus and organization is based on the discipline-based normative approach. Most of the content related to the components of globalization is often indirectly related and is dominated by positive, neutral and negative aspects. Therefore, the Global Citizen Curriculum Model is based on an interdisciplinary approach in five key steps that include the key elements of the program. The course (Goals, Content, Teaching and Evaluation Methods) was designed based on three components of knowledge, skills, and attitudes at both macro and micro levels. At macro level, the integrated curriculum approach (integration) and at the micro level (vertical, broad and educational) used.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the role of technological literacy in the to investigate the role of technological literacy in the entrepreneurial intention in engineer students. This research was done with mixed method approach and with exploratory design. In qualitative phase of research 15 Entrepreneur engineer students were selected based on criteria oriented sampling and participated on semi structured interview and data were analyzed by seven keluize stages. Interview questions were designed around the dimensions of technology literacy and its relationship with entrepreneurship. To ensure the validity of the questions, the opinions of seven experts were used. To ensure the quality of data analysis, the findings were referred back to the interviewees after re-analysis to avoid possible deviations. Findings from the interviews indicated that technology entrepreneurs have a deep understanding of the nature, design, production, application and relationship of technology to society. In order to developing data based on stratified random sampling. 200 last semester engineer students were selected. Seraji and khavari(2015) technological literacy questioner and (2009) Liñán & Chen (2009) Entrepreneurial intention questioner with appropriate reliability were used for data gathering. The data were analyzed using pearson correlation and multiple regression. Findings indicted that entrepreneur engineer students have a appropriate understanding of the relevance of technological literacy and entrepreneurship. There is a correlation between students' technological literacy and the entrepreneurial intention in engineer students. The regression results showed that between dimensions of technological literacy, understanding nature of technology and relevance of technologies with the world around can explain 19/7 present of the variance of change in entrepreneurial intention in engineer students. In order to develop the entrepreneurial competencies in students, we propose to develop students’ technological skill in design and implementation of curriculum stages.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglected, despite the tremendous impact it can have on morale and, consequently, on the learning of learners and even their educators.This research project is the "combined" type (simultaneous test). The study population included two independent groups of curriculum and education specialists (in the qualitative section) as well as primary school teachers (in the quantitative section). The sample size includes 12 curriculum and education specialists and 120 primary school teachers .The sampling method in the first part (qualitative) is theoretical and purposeful method and its tools include semi-constructed and unstructured interview and in the second part (quantitative) it is "purposeful and preferable" and the research tool includes a 30 questions researcher-made questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis involves the Wilcoxon single-sample and Friedman tests to rank the Barriers to the implementation of the Fundamental Evolution Document based on the components of the Fullen model. Qualitative data analysis was also performed using the seven-step )Colaizzi, 1987) method. The results of the study confirm the gap between the designers of the Evolution Document and its implementers in schools, which, in addition to other existing administrative barriers,contributes to the inefficiency of the Fundamental Evolution Document in the implementation phase.

Sexual education is one of the most complex and sensitive areas of education. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the position of the country's high school sexual orientation curriculum in recent decades. This research employed a qualitative synthesis approach. The corpus of this study consisted of all scientific articles published(magiran, sid, normags, etc ) about the implementation of Sexual education. From this corpus 268 papers were identified through constant searching of the scientific data bases and a total of 36 articles were selected for the final analysis. A researcher- made worksheet form was used for the purpose of reporting and submitting information. The obtained data were analyzed through six-step model for meta-synthesis Robert using Open and axial coding techniques. Findings synthesis indicate that the four themes of the double-edged sword are the concept of sexuality, threats – opportunities for sexuality education, sex education and culture in sexuality The results indicated that the sex education curriculum is a silent curriculum that can be clarified by policy makers.

Due to gap among the types of curriculum, a complex area of curriculum studies, rethinking on the imaginative framework of it becoming an important issue. This study aims at analyzing a phenomena of the attained curriculum according to experiences and perceptions of  31 participants (17 faculty members, 12 undergraduate students, 2 educational experts) from Allameh Tabataba'i, Karazmi, and Tehran universities, Aja University of Medical Science, and the office of higher education planning using qualitative descriptive (QD) research method. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews by purposeful sampling. Analyzing the data using open, axial and selective coding lead to discovering two categories of “short-term outcomes” and “long-term outcomes” and subcategories of “achievement of the predetermined outcomes”, “outcomes of emerge learning”, “Graduates Character development”, “employment of graduates” and “continuing study of the graduates”. A message of research is generally tracking the outcomes of students’ educational experiences in a various dimension including occupational, personal, and educational life and gathering a relevant evidence for logical judgment on the positive and negative points of current undergraduate curriculum.

The purpose of this study is to analyze requirements for proper implementation of applied research curriculum in primary schools. In this combined study, first in qualitative part with Grounded Theory method, the proposed model in form of four elements of Zeiss curriculum through semi-structured and exploratory interviews and achieving theoretical saturation of findings with participation of 15 professors and experts in field of educational sciences that were selected purposeful, was designed by analyzing data using three-step coding method of Strauss and Corbin (1992). Then, in quantitative part, using a descriptive-field method to validate proposed model, a questionnaire has been designed with 46 locutions and provided to 384 teachers in Shiraz by stratified random sampling and 15 professors and specialists in the field of educational sciences by purposeful selection was placed in Aban 98 and then chi-square test was used to test hypotheses. Based on results, the proposed model is valid for research community viewpoint and the applied research curriculum as a central category, based on causal conditions of applied research curriculum as a central category, teaching method and evaluation will be realized, if providing incentives research-focused students and linking them with scientific sources as a strategy and if school structure design is based on research activities and support of managers and trained teachers as facilitators, also motivation, attitudes and values, and developing research skills as infrastructure, despite the obstacles, it leads to realize outcomes of increasing life skills, strengthening critical and creative thinking, and student achievement.

The goal of the research is the The comparison of guided Play, free play, and direct instruction effects in children's learning of first grade science. The current research methodology is quantitative experimental study with an inter group plan and frequent measurement. The research society is the all of the boy students of first grade in Tehran primary schools located in 11 district, and in the year 2019. A school was chosen through available sampling method from the research society and 24 students were chosen randomly as subjects, amuong the students of first grade in that school, through sortition and divided into 3 groups, with contain 8 students. The research tool is a researcher made test about topic of Magnet in the first grade science book.The tool stability was investigated by “Kuder-Richardson” method and the amount was 0.86. The tool salability was examined by teachers through context stability and confirmed. Data analyzing was done by Analysis of variance (one in between) used spss software version 20. The result refer there is a meaningful variance in 0.05 level amoung the three types of learning ways:guided Play, free play and direct instructions.Also the groups comparison in learning, with considering the interactive effect express that the guided play method is more effective than the other three methods in the magnet topic learning (p<05/0). The reduce of learning in the guided play group is less than the other two methods. Up the gained results guided play method helps to learn The magnet topic for students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of flipped classroom on Students' mathematical academic achievement and attitude towards mathematics. This study was conducted in the 3rd district of Isfahan. The research was an "applied research" in terms of purpose and "quasi-experimental" in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male seventh grade high school students in Isfahan 3rd district. The sampling method was "sample available". The test group participated in a 10-session flipped classroom method but the control group received an unchanged training during these 10 sessions. In order to measure students' academic achievements, the students' scores were calculated by a formula based on both teacher-made tests of academic achievement in a mathematics lessons prepared by the researcher before and after the intervention and Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire by Aiken (1979). Covariance analysis method was used to analyze the data of this study after obtaining assurance that the necessary assumptions were not violated. The results of this study showed that flipped classroom teaching was more effective on students 'academic achievements than the traditional method, but the change in students' attitude toward math was not statistically significant. Therefore, it was concluded that planning to implement a flipped classroom in high schools can be effective in improving academic achievement in mathematics.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of the effective communication textbook of the tenth grade of the second year of technical and vocational high school based on the ten skills of the World Health Organization. The research method was content analysis. The research population of the effective communication book of the tenth grade of the second year of technical and vocational high school in terms of (text, questions, pictures, activities) which was selected by purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made content analysis form based on Shannon's entropy model. Category information The significance coefficient of each category was calculated. According to the World Health Organization, ten life skills include problem-solving skills, empathy, creative decision-making thinking, coping with emotions, coping with stress, critical thinking, effective communication with others, self-awareness, and building interpersonal relationships. The results showed that the highest coefficient of importance was related to the component of effective communication skills (0.121) and the lowest coefficient of importance was related to the component of problem solving skills (0.082).