نشریه رسانه و فرهنگ
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 20، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The cyber revolution has created a space different from what has existed in the past, and has led to the emergence of international relations and communication between countries in different ways. As a result, this space has led to significant theoretical and practical developments that have made it important to study it. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the environment created by the cyber revolution. The research has been done with qualitative approach and using the grounded theory method. For this purpose, after reviewing specialized literature related to the research topic, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 cybersecurity experts (academics and senior executives) to data saturation targeted sampling. The research findings through open and axial coding indicate that 355 open source codes, 100 axial codes and 17 categories are ultimately modeled as the core of the research with 5 contextual factors, 4 strategic factors, 2 Factor Ali and 6 outcomes were formulated. Finally, it can be argued that this creates significant and significant opportunities for countries and economic actors to understand the new situation internationally in terms of enhancing national power and effective actor and networking. Take action.

In Iran, a lot of investigation about individualism and collectivism has been done. Each of these investigations reveals the degree of individualism or collectivism of the society under study on a spectrum. But the contribution of all these studies is to examine of individualism or collectivism of Iranians in real groups and networks, while the connection between this type of individualism and collectivism with collectivism and individualism in the virtual networks is ignored. Therefore, the question of this article is whether individualism and collectivism in the real world relate to individualism and collectivism within the virtual networks. The survey method was used for answering this question. The results of this research show that there is a direct relationship between individualism and networked individualism and there is an inverse relationship between collectivism and networked individualism. Therefore, those who are individualists in the real world have a high network individuality within virtual networks. And those who are collectivist in the real world have a low networked individualism in virtual networks. In other words, it seems that the individualism or collectivism of people in the real world affects their individual or collective actions in the online world.

The advent of the Internet has challenged some assumptions in mass media ontology. One of the conceptual lines introduced is the widely used keyword called "convergence". Now the main question of this article is what is meant by convergence on the Internet and is there a kind of relative elite consensus on its meaning? Or, conversely, does it suffer from "conceptual fragmentation"? If the answer to the first question is yes, can a comprehensive definition of the term be provided? Findings of this study show that the conceptual space of this word is "divergent and fragmented What is proposed as a comprehensive definition of convergence is called " Comprehensive Communicative Cyber Convergence "(4Convergence): "The process of convergence and integration in 1-communication operation (between sender and receiver), 2-communication tool (between mass media) 3- Communication message (between visual and audio), 4- Levels of communication (between mass and non-mass communication) and 5- Function of communication (between information, education and entertainment) which is 6- Due to digitalization (integration between Three infrastructures of data systems (information technology, telecommunications and media)) have taken place in the Internet media."

With the quantitative and qualitative development of modern media, national identity and solidarity should be sought not in denying the diversity of identities but in expressing identity and playing the role of ethnic groups in Iran's cultural field. The present study seeks to identify the most effective national media program in promoting the ethnic identity of Zahedan as the center of one of the vast and, of course, multi-ethnic provinces of the country in the coming decade, taking into account this fundamental belief and using a case-by-case approach. Therefore, out of 6132 young people aged 18 to 20 in this city as a statistical population, 651 people were selected as the sample size by simple random method and a 13-question questionnaire was conducted which validated and validated using Cronbach's alpha and the opinions of experts. They were distributed. The results of questionnaire data analysis using Chi-square and Friedman tests indicate that in various national media programs in Zahedan, from the perspective of respondents, "distribution of ethnic social events" can have the greatest impact on strengthening ethnic identity in the decade. Have a future.

Today, social media creates a unique opportunity for brands to strengthen their relationships with customers. Organizations, by increasing the brand engagement of their customers on the social media, could create value through interaction and deep and sustained contribution with them, and also they could maintain and strengthen their customers' loyalty. Accordingly, the present study seeks to identify the most important antecedents and barriers of customer-brand engagement on social media in the banking industry. In order to achieve this goal, in-depth interviews were conducted with customers whom following one or more banks on social media and its data analysis was performed by using content analysis method. The results showed that the most important antecedents affecting customer motivation to engage with a banking brand on social media include three parts: individual (reward, entertainment, information, curiosity, brand engagement and social advantages), organizational (brand reputation, brand popularity, Service experience, information, reliability and content quality) and media (user-friendliness, security, quality, capabilities and popularity of media) and at the personal level (lack of interest, lack of personal skills, negative mentality and attitude), organizational (weakness in Promotion, poor content production), and contextual factors (environmental barriers and media constraints) are important barriers to customer engagement.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of online social networks on national identity. The research method is survey and the statistical population consisted of citizens over 15 years of Tabriz. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster sampling and research tool is researcher made questionnaire. The findings showed that the duration of membership has a negative effect on national identity and dimensions of awareness and commitment. Also, the effect of the amount of activity on the commitment and actual presence on the awareness is negative. But being active has a positive effect on the belonging and commitment of national identity. The impact of online social network on commitment is more than other dimensions. The results showed that mere presence in online social networks does not have a positive or negative effect on national identity, but the social and cultural context of users is effective in determining the type of impact of these networks and providing a comprehensive definition of national identity can strengthen identity.

Today, the growing importance of cyberspace in the field of advertising and information is not hidden from anyone. This issue is so important that neglecting it can be costly for any thinker. Based on this importance, the present study intends to examine the use of cyberspace by two spectrums of emerging mysticism - Ashu and halgheh mysticism. In this regard, an attempt was made, with a descriptive-analytical method, to set the activities of cyberspace in a period of six months and with emphasis on the number of channels, number of users, number of posts, content of posts, how The use of new mystics from the bedrock of cyberspace and their goals in this space should be studied and analyzed. The most important finding of this research, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner, indicates that it is important that mysticism is used in cyberspace and focusing on important and attractive topics such as defending women's rights and opposing some religious issues. , Have been able to grow significantly among young people. Also, their lack of access to authorized media and filtering has not been a major obstacle in their way.

 News area is a competitive arena and each news organization in order to survive in a competitive environment and achieve news authority, in addition to material facilities, technical equipment, and policies, it needs to review its employees' work processes and job.The present study tries to identify job enrichment methods for the four main jobs of IRINN .The research has done qualitatively and the method of data collection is library study and in-depth interviews with elites. The goal of the study is to redesign and redefine news vocations including news editor, chief editor, and news broadcaster based on job enrichment theory. This research has been done qualitatively. Data were collected through library research and interviewing with experts. The interviewees selected through purposeful sampling, and the data analysis for the interviews was done through codification. The results of the study were a set of data led to a model offered for enriching news vocations in IRIB. Decentralization, the ability to use modern technologies, paying attention to inherent competencies and acquiring the necessary skills, giving employees job independence, audience and competition and using feedback are the most important research findings in the model provided for the news network

In recent years, we have witnessed changes in the radio and television networks of the Islamic Republic of Iran, developments that are influenced by various factors that have been able to attract the audience in a different way with various solutions; ; Hence, what can be seen is that luck in the media has increased so much that it can be attributed to the culture of luck. Therefore, considering the abundance of this culture in the national media and its promotion in the national radio and television and attracting the audience, as well as increasing the economic, political and psychological consequences of this issue; It was necessary to study a study with the aim of analyzing the approach of the national media in promoting the culture of luck in society and also to examine the consequences of this media policy for the people from different aspects.

Leaving home for Jihad? Disguising dystopia & Selling it as utopia is what ISIS does with its recruits (especially young Europeans). By sticking to extreme ideological thoughts or claiming no ideology, this dystopia remains ruined forever. This article has been trying to answer some -easy yet difficult to imitate- questions: How is it possible to recruit a young educated Western Citizen to fight for an old outdated Eastern ideological battle? Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalization? Why is this triangle (Sex, Violence, Religion) so favorite in times beyond compare? Is it only for the sake of Utilitarianism? What’s the percentage of The female jihadists of Europe and the male ones? What are the main Driving factors behind foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq? Fortunately, there are good pieces of puzzle here and there all around the world about this topic. European countries have been feeling the necessity to analyze not the terrorists but the ways they persuade recruits (by studying Intercultural conflict management, Intercultural moral judgement and so on.). The very Persuasion Process happens by using, misusing, disusing or abusing Mass Media. That’s why Media managers should be aware of the outcome more than others.

One of the concerns of religion and media domain is the question of the relation between religion basedOne of the concerns of religion and media domain is the question of the relation between religion based on discourse, image and visual media. In this article while reviewing the theoretical literature among religious programs ‘Lesson form the Quran’ by Hojjatul-Islam Qarati which is broadcast about 40 years was reviewed and sought to respond this question ‘what changes have the religious images undergone during these years and has it leaded to better presentation of the religion? The methodology of this study is semiotic which was accessed by emphasizing 5 items:’ Clothing, age and sex’, ‘non-verbal communication’, ‘movement’ ‘color and light. Samples were selected randomly, 10 selected programs were selected within years 1972-2009. Semiotic implies that firstly these programs has been gradually were placed at the position of governmental religion, secondly communication has been one-sided and vertical and thirdly by focusing on the religious type of those who are present in the programs has ignored cultural diversity of the society.

Marshall McLuhan considers the media to be equivalent to a message; Thus, since mankind began transmitting the message to all its species, the media has existed and in its evolutionary path has influenced and reciprocally influenced cultures as the foundations of civilizations. The most important feature of mass media is that they are "institutional." This means that the message is prepared and sent within a coherent communication system with the aim of influencing the audience's awareness. Civilizations are also the product of external conditions and environmental, cultural, political, sociological, and economic factors that affect the thought and within individuals of society. Thinking becomes a society, so it seems necessary to examine the role of the media in the post-Islamic Revolution with the unique components of belief, politics, culture, and sociology; So the question is, what has been the role of the media in the process of civilization after the Islamic Revolution in Iran? Given that the media have a great influence on public awareness and the establishment of social relations and the deepening of moral values and virtues, it seems that the role of the media and civilization is reciprocal.