مجله مطالعات پیش دبستانی و دبستان
پیاپی 10 (زمستان 1396)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational ethics with organizational performance from the perspectives of the elementary school teachers. The research, in terms of method of data collection, is descriptive, and from the viewpoint of the relationship between variables, is correlational. The statistical population of this study is the teachers of Organization of Education, District 1, Zanjan. Sampling method has been random cluster sampling. Accordingly, with using the Cochran formula, a sample of 366 people was selected. 171 people of the sample people have been female teachers and 195 ones were male teachers. The data collection tool has been Bontis's intellectual capital questionnaire, organizational ethics questionnaire by Hunt et al, and Paterson's organizational performance questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital, organizational ethics and organizational performance. Also, intellectual capital and organizational ethics can predict organizational performance from the viewpoint of primary school teachers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the test anxiety and self-concept among primary school girls in Andimeshk. The method of this research is semi-experimental. Unequal control group design was used. The study population was all the school children in the 3rd to 6th grade in Andimesh in the academic year 2018-19 were enrolled in the primary schools of the city. Sampling in this research was simple multi-stage sampling. Before the intervention, both groups filled out the test anxiety questionnaire and the child’s self-concept questionnaire, and immediately after the intervention, the questionnaires were again filled up by subjects in both groups. Descriptive statistical methods including mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including one-variable and multivariate covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the intervention. Therefore, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) reduced the test anxiety and improved the self-concept of the primary school children.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the role and position of play in kindergartens in Yasuj in order to explain the importance of play in kindergartens. The research method is quantitative. The study population consisted of all kindergarten educators in Yasuj who were selected as the sample of 20 kindergartens through random cluster sampling. The tool used to collect the data was a questionnaire. Questionnaires were collected and entered into SPSS statistical software. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.71). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Cronbach's alpha test, and independent t-test and Friedman test). The findings showed that the questions were above the mean of 3. Therefore, the respondents believed that the evaluation of the role and position of the components was above the average, and also considering the significance level of 0.033. Since this value is less than 0.05, the evaluation of the role and position of play in the kindergartens in the study city is above average. And according to the Friedman test, the chi-square of the Friedman test was 9.8 and the significance level was 0.002, so the evaluation of role and position of play in kindergartens in Yasuj was somewhat different.

The type of attention focus is effective on the outcome and efficiency of motor skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of internal-external focus on fine motor performance (handwriting) of the elementary school students. In this semi-experimental study, 60 female students (mean age: 8.12 + - 0.21 years) from one of the elementary schools in Tehran participated which randomly divided into three groups. The groups were: 1) External attention group: In this condition, subjects were told to pay attention to the text written on the white board while writing. 2) Internal attention group. In this condition, the subjects were instructed to note their writing style while writing the text. 3) Control group: In this condition the subjects performed the handwriting task without any instructions. The results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the process of fine motor skill performance (handwriting) was not significant in any of the internal, external attention groups compared to the control group (P >0.05).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the "Philosophy for Children (P4C)" program training on assertiveness and interpersonal relationships in elementary school students in Tehran. The present study was a descriptive, semi-experimental, pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male students in the second year of elementary school studying in one of the public primary schools in Tehran in the academic year 2018-19. From this community, by multi-stage cluster sampling method, region 2 was first selected and one school was selected from among the boys' primary schools in region (2), which includes 84 male students in the 4th (28), 5th (26) and 6th (30) grades. 30 of them were randomly divided into experimental (15) and control (15) groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of philosophy program intervention training for children and the control group did not receive any intervention. For data collection, Gambril and Ritchie boldness or assertiveness questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of this test were reported by Gambril and Rigi (1975) equal to 0.39 to 70 and 0.87, respectively, and Bahrami (1996) have calculated the validity coefficient of this test as 0.88. Also, the Teacher Interpersonal Relationships Assessment Scale developed by Viro Davin (1980) was used. Viro Davin concluded by analyzing the questionnaire questions that this questionnaire is a useful tool for measuring aspects of students' social behavior (r=0.87) The results showed that the training of the philosophy program for children has a significant effect on the improvement of interpersonal relationships and students' assertiveness (P <0.05). It can be concluded that the children's philosophy program can be used for an effective interventional method to increase assertiveness and improve interpersonal relationships.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of play therapy on happiness and creativity in preschool children in Tabriz. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population included all preschool children in Tabriz. The statistical sample of the present study was 30 preschool children in Tabriz who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The instruments used were Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Torrance Creativity Questionnaire. The research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that play therapy influenced the happiness components of preschool children. Also, based on the results of play therapy, it influenced the creativity components of preschool children in Tabriz.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of children's play song method on the essay writing quality of the 3rd grade elementary school girls. The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population was the girls' primary schools in the 5th district of Tehran, which were randomly selected as a cluster of several schools, and then 30 students were selected from the 3rd grade classes as a sample. The children in the experimental group sang children's games in six 30-minute sessions, but the control group was not given any training. Vakil al-Tajjar (2015) checklist was used to correct students' essays, the validity of which was confirmed by several professors and experts, and its reliability was 95% through Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed descriptively using multivariate analysis of covariance (Moncova). Findings showed that children's play songs had a positive and significant effect on increasing the quality of students' writing and increasing their vocabulary, structure and writing content. Therefore, it can be concluded that the method of children's song plays has an effect on increasing the quality of students' writing.