مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 64، زمستان 1399)

Cultural construction of Quranic politics Understanding Quranic politics requires understanding the cultural construction of the Holy Quran. Using the method of thematic interpretation, the present article tries to study the concept of Qur'anic politics within this cultural construction in the framework of a semantic approach. The study conducted in this article shows that "Allah" as the focal word, puts the value of theism in the focal position, forming a system of value concepts around it. These concepts form the cultural construction of the Holy Quran. Placing politics within such a cultural construction reveals the place of politics in the Holy Qur'an. Politics, as a public activity governing authority and governance, is endorsed by the Holy Qur'an when it is embedded in a God-centered cultural construction. This cultural construction is composed of value concepts such as righteousness , responsibility, sustainability, justice, commitment and improvement.

Identifying, understanding and explaining the concern and the issue is of great importance to Saadi time and the article tries to text pattern of a central area of the most important political issue in pattern of the text-context Hermeneutics Skinner. So after explaining the method and with reference to Saadi's Bustan and Gulistan will focus on two important texts And explain political issue Saadi to discuss theoretical and practical issues. And political issue them according to the text and examine the theoretical and practical aspects of the introduction to explain issues to be society. In my opinion and according to the method according to the texts and theoretical and practical aspects Saadi time, it seems that the most important thing in thoughts of Saadi is the issue of social and political justice.

Covid-19's disease, as a biological cause of the coronavirus, has recently become a global phenomenon in terms of its prevalence and the number of people infected, It has also created a critical situation within governments and civil society.This contrasts with the situation that prevailed in governments before the spread of Covid-19's disease.The present article, in a philosophical way, claims this: the biological  is not in conflict with the political and there is no external relationship between them; That is, the pre-coronary state should not be considered as a natural state of Hobbes, but should be considered as a state that is going on within the state, and that, in the sense of a normal thing. Hence, the word of natural state has three meanings: Political signification refers to the government's policy of normalization and de-normalization, which was used during the corona outbreak and the emergence of a crisis situation in the country. In normalization, fear and adaptation, and in normalization, indifference and civil disregard for coronary-related health standards have been considered. Scientific implication refers to the policy of normalization, but due to problems such as unrecognizability, uncertainty and unpredictability of coronary heart disease, this has not been achieved. Social signification emphasizes daily life, habits and routine, and devaluation or normalization. In this sense, the policy of normalization has been based on limiting behavior and changing social lifestyles. Thus, the three meanings negate the negative meaning of the concept of status and also indicate the connection between the biological and the political.

US president has a significant role in foreign policy-making. In result, change of White House occupant can cause significant changes in perceptual and operational aspects of American foreign policy. Anticipating the new president’s foreign policy tendencies requires an analysis of his/her core ideas and attitudes in this area. Applying operational code analysis as its framework, the article aims to investigate Joe Biden’s main ideas, perceptions and attitudes in foreign policy area. The main thesis of the article is that Biden’s foreign policy perceptions are strategically based on cooperation with American allies, democratic alliance-building against American rivals and restoring American rule-based global leadership. In terms of tactical issues, the finding shows that Biden’s foreign policy is likely to frame in terms of step-by-step approach, preference of diplomacy with all sides involved and importance of American public support in foreign policy area.

Since the development of the concept of diplomacy and downfall of the traditional ‘dominance’ of government on this concept, parliamentary diplomacy, which roared in concluding decades of the twenty-first century, has been held as an emerging aspect of diplomacy and one of its types. Notwithstanding, parliamentary diplomacy has failed to magnetize substantial investigations. In the recent years, parliamentary diplomacy of the Islamic Consultative Assembly has been on a considerable rise. Included in this are international talks and positions held by chairman of parliament, effective presence in international parliamentary assemblies such as Asian States Inter-Parliamentary Union and Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), increased parliamentary friendship groups in more than 100 countries, and continuous consultations offered by parliamentary committees. This is thus questioned that “What is the stance of parliamentary diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran?” Relying upon the framework provided by examination of the trends ending in parliamentary diplomacy, the present article argues that applications and capacities of parliamentary diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran are an accepted, growing, and comprehensive—but nascent—issue. In doing so, this research undertakes to investigate development of the concept of diplomacy under rubric of the trends ending in parliamentary diplomacy, delving into indicators of structures, processes, and agendas for understanding those at the helm of diplomacy, the manner to organize diplomacy, and the issues negotiated in the concept of diplomacy over time. Description of applications and differences of parliamentary diplomacy as to other forms of diplomacy is a result of this framework. After the introduction, research’s hypothesis will be tested by comparing the three above-mentioned indicators in parliamentary diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study has been formulated in a descriptive-analytical form in terms of its methodology.

The geo-economic situation and the amount of oil and gas reserves in the Republic of Azerbaijan, along with Russia's disputes with near abroad from 2006 to 2014, and the disruption of the gas of the European countries, was a factor in pushing the European Union to seek new energy resources to Azerbaijan. The present paper examines the causes, context, and also the role of the energy variable in the European Union's cooperation with Azerbaijan over the past few years. The main question of this article is the question of what place Azerbaijan has in the EU diplomacy of energy? In response, it is hypothesized that "Russia's political use of energy resources to pressure the European Union, as well as the growing need of the Union to import energy resources, will provide conditions for increasing EU cooperation with Azerbaijan through the Southern Gas Corridor has brought And increased union bargaining power. The findings of the study show that the union, in its awareness of the asymmetric dependence on Russian energy and its consequences and security threats, has sought in recent years to reduce these threats by connecting with Azerbaijan and diversifying its energy resources.

The contradictory policy of the European Union and European countries towards the crisis in Yemen has raised many questions regarding the principle guide of the EU's foreign policy as well as the European approach to conflict resolution. The rhetoric of the Union (and European governments) on playing a mediating role on the one hand and the pursuit of pragmatic trade and economic interests on the other hand, has made the recognition of this principle more complex. In this regard, the present article examines the policy of the Union (and the governments) by using the theoretical literature presented in EU global strategy and by emphasizing the two concepts of "resilience" and "principled pragmatism" in this document. Accordingly, an examination of the documents and policies implemented, as well as a reference to the available statistics, shows the weak role of European norms and values in the EU policy towards Yemen and the dominance of the pragmatic element in this policy. Given Iran's role and importance in resolving the Yemeni crisis, Europe has sought to use Iranian leverage to influence the Houthis. Thus, although Europe's approach to the Yemeni crisis is fragmented, secondary, and in many cases at odds with Iran's regional policies, but there are several opportunities for Iran to resolve the Yemeni crisis in cooperation with Europe, which are addressed in this article