نشریه اسلام و پژوهش های تربیتی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، بهار و تابستان 1399)

This paper aims at studying the epistemological foundations of religious education and extracting their educational implications. To this end, the interpretive method has been used to discover and explain the foundations, and the inferential method has been used to extract the educational implications. Research findings show that religious education has at least three epistemological bases: 1. The meaningfulness and rationality of religious propositions. 2. The sanctity of religious propositions. 3. The systematic interpretability of religious propositions. Thirteen indications were obtained from these principles, some of the most important of which are: freedom of educator, methodical pluralism in religious education, religious education without indoctrination and imposition, developing the spirit of conscious worship, cultivating the spirit of submission to religious teachings, enhancing the ability to criticize, systematic diversity of religious education, and impartiality of educator.

This paper aims to investigate the position of critical thinking in the high level documents of Iranian education in terms of the application of components of Peter Facione's critical thinking. To this end, the researcher has used a qualitative paradigm. From among the research population, national curriculum documents and theoretical foundations of fundamental change were selected in a purposeful way, taking into account the rules of maximum diversity and reaching the level of theoretical saturation. This research used the method of qualitative content analysis of the deductive categorization system and focused on two tendency and skill dimensions of critical thinking from Facione's point of view. Findings obtained from the analysis of the content of documents show that in the tendency dimension, the most attention is paid to the tendency of confidence in one’s rationality, and the least attention is paid to the tendency of curiosity. In the skill dimension, the most attention is paid to evaluation skills and the least attention is paid to explanation skills. The research findings indicate a relatively close relationship between these two dimensions in these documents. It is suggested that, based on the necessity for the principle of amendment and revision of the documents of the fundamental transformation of education in different time periods, the national curriculum document be revised and amended in terms of critical thinking tendencies.

Knowing the truth of man and his distinctive feature is one of the most influential topics in the humanities, especially in educational sciences. Issues such as the principles of education, the stages of education, the dimensions and areas of education, and the methods of education all depend on the interpretation and the image we have about man's reality. The purpose of this paper is to firstly address Mulla Sadra's view of the distinctive feature of man and what he considers necessary for people to enter the human realm, and secondly, investigate the effect of this view on the principles of education. Through descriptive method and by referring to the philosophical and anthropological foundations of Mulla Sadra, we can conclude that from his view point, the distinctive feature of "human" is man's ability to speak, and in order to enter the realm of humanity, individuals must achieve the feature of man's ability to speak in their essential movement; and after reaching this distinctive feature, he discusses the multiplicity of individuals. Using analytical method and by referring to the Mulla Sadra's principles and sources, the role of this perception of man in important educational principles such as the priority of human rational dimension, looking for knowledge, thinking, not demanding blind obedience to society, obtaining insight, purification, reasonability of educational teachings, and lack of desirability of passive habits are discussed.

This study aims at designing and validating the curriculum of "Educating Children from the Perspective of Islam and Psychology" as one of the general courses. The research method is mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative stage, after reviewing the scientific documents and interviewing the experts, the central codes and items related to the objective elements, content, teaching method and evaluation method of the proposed curriculum were extracted by content analysis method and became the basis for the researcherdeveloped questionnaire. In the quantitative stage, using descriptive survey method, the questionnaire was completed by twenty experts (professors of educational sciences, psychology and Islamic studies) at Yazd University in order to validate the curriculum with the model based on Eisner’s experts’ opinion. The questionnaire data were analyzed through Friedman’s test of analysis of variance by ranks. The results showed that the validity of the curriculum designed by experts was confirmed due to the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach and the necessity for fundamental review and innovation in general courses.

Teaching the Qur'an is a task and concern that has always been considered by the Islamic system, officials and teachers of the Qur'an, researchers in the field of education and caring parents of children. In this regard, although outstanding activities have been done, the field research carried out show that there are still many problems. This research has been done in order to present an "optimal model in formal education of Quran in the elementary schools of Iran". The research method in this study is qualitative, and the sample population includes all high level documents and national experts in teaching Qur'an in elementary schools. The sampling method used in this research is purposive and the selection of sample individuals has continued to the point of theoretical saturation. In the data collection method, various instruments have been used in accordance with the research questions. The results of this research are as follows: 1. The elements of optimal teaching of the Qur'an in elementary school are: objectives, content, teacher, other institutions, evaluation system, teaching methods, the management of Qur'anic affairs, educational tools and media and calligraphy, student, spiritualphysical atmosphere and appropriate teaching time. 2. In addition to educational quantities, i.e. educational elements, it is necessary to observe quality, i.e. the characteristics of each of the educational elements. 3. Presenting an optimal model in the field of formal education of the Qur'an in elementary schools of Iran.

In a God-oriented society, every human action is based on the teachings of the divine "tradition" and leans towards achieving the oneness of God; dealing with art and transmitting the customs and principles related to it is no exception to this rule, but with the changes that have taken place in the form of most of the societies in the contemporary era, many of the contexts of a traditional society have disappeared and numerous traditional arts and related teachings and customs have been forgotten. The main issue in this research is to compare the raising methods and customs of artists in traditional societies with modern societies (with emphasis on university education). The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library-based and interview. While emphasizing the central role of "tradition" in educating artists in a traditional society, the results of this study confirm the fundamental differences in the goals, principles and methods of education in the process of educating artists between traditional societies and today's university education methods.