نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال نوزدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 84، بهمن و اسفند 1399)

Ecological factors such as climate change as well as environmental, social, economic, and political factors are effective in increasing the incidence of Leishmaniasis disease in the Middle East. This study aimed to evaluate the ecological causes of leishmaniasis in Fariman town during 2006-2017.

In this descriptive-analytical study, all patients who were residents of Fariman  and completed the Leishmaniasis Survey Form were included. The data of climatic variables of the town were extracted and analyzed using MS- Excel and SPSS software. Finally, the above information was plotted using Arc-GIS software.

The highest incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fariman was 38.2% in 2009, while the lowest incidence rate was 12.0% in 2017. According to the incidence date, the disease was prevalent in the summer, spring, and autumn. Based on the diagnosis date, the disease had a peak in spring, winter, autumn, and summer. In this study, no relationship was found between the type of cutaneous leishmaniasis and any of the demographic variables. No significant relationship was also observed between climatic variables (temperature, humidity, precipitation), climatic factor of height, vegetation index, and Comprehensive plan in rural areas with leishmaniasis.

Given that most disease cases were in the urban area of Fariman and two rural areas of Ghale No and Kate shamshir, entomological examination is required in the area in order to make better use of the GIS. Furthermore, the overlap of relevant layers with other layers such as patientschr('39') accommodation and type of cutaneous leishmaniasis are required.

The best way to recycle municipal wastes is to separate them at home by the users. To this end, participation and cooperation of all citizens is required and the necessary infrastructure should be provided in the field of waste segregation. This study was conducted to determine the status of citizenschr('39') participation in separating urban wastes from the source and to investigate its obstacles.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 476 households in the city of Babol. The participants were randomly selected as clusters. The information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire containing 21 specific and general questions. For data analysis, t-test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used with 0.95 confidence level.

Of the total households involved in the waste segregation scheme, 27.5% were frequently and 15.3% were sometimes involved in separating the wastes.  In this regard, 91.8% of households were aware and 8.2% were unaware of waste separation .A significant proportion of urban households reported that lack of patience (61.3%) and sufficient space to separate household waste (59.5%) prevented segregation. From the point of view of municipal-related factors, non-delivery of dry waste on holidays (94.7%), low number of barracks (95.8%), and lack of continuous training (95%) were reported as obstacles in separating wasts.

Major urban households reported poor municipal performance, facilities, and planning, as well as lack of patience and adequate space as barriers to segregation. To meet this, planning for urban waste management is essential. In order to avoid wasting a countrychr('39')s natural resources and reduce the productive waste of citizens, it is necessary to motivate people and provide citizens with the necessary public education to separate wastes.

Given the importance of adolescents’ health, especially girls and the inadequacy of dairy consumption around the world, we examined the psychological factors associated with dairy consumption behavior. Therefore, this study was conducted on high school girls.

The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 385 female high school students in Shaft City during 2019 using the census method. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic information, knowledge structure, perceived self-efficacy, and dairy consumption behavior completed by students. To analyze the results,  Chi- Square tests, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple logistic regression were used via SPSS 21 software.

In total, 221 people (57.7%) consumed less than 2 units and 162 people (42.3) consumed more than 2 units of dairy products per day. The average scores of self-efficacy and knowledge constructs were 23.20 ± 6.6 (average) and 19.1± 3.05, respectively (at a good level). No significant correlation was found between perceived self-efficacy and dairy consumption behavior r = 0. 199 (p <0.05). Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between knowledge and behavior (p> 0.05, r =- 0.25). The results of multiple logistic regression showed the predictive power of the perceived self-efficacy structure in dairy consumption behavior with an odds ratio of 1.052 (with a confidence interval of 95%: 1.089-1.016).

Perceived self-efficacy predicted the behavior of dairy consumption in the studied students. So, educational interventions in schools should focus more on promoting the perceptions and nutritional attitudes.

According to the World Health Organization, Iran has a high level of deaths caused by traffic accidents. Assessment of the death trend and examination of the mortality rate can provide useful information for policy makers to take preventive measures and reduce the casualties caused by these accidents. In this study, the status and trend of mortality due to traffic accidents was investigated over a period of 10 years.

This descriptive study investigated the trend of deaths from traffic accidents in Iran during 2009-2018. The study data were collected from the Iran Forensic Medicine Organization and the Statistics Center websites. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS  version 24 and Microsoft Office Excel 2013  software. The  frequency,  percentage, annual rate, and   independent  sample test   were  run  to  analyze the data.

On average, 24.1 per 100,000 people were killed in traffic accidents during the study period. A significant difference was found between the number of deaths due to road accidents in men compared to women (p-value <0.05). More than 77 percent of the victims were men and more than 67 percent of the deaths occurred out of urban  roads. Semnan, Markazi, and Kerman provinces had the highest mortality rates, while Tehran, Alborz, and Ardabil provinces had the lowest mortality rates during this 10-year period.

The death rate from traffic accidents decreased during the study period. Compared to the global average, this rate is not at the desired level, which requires appropriate policy and management to implement  effective programs.

Overweight and obesity is one of the physical consequences of binge eating disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of life style intervention on  weight management using choice theory to reduce the severity of binge eating in women who suffered from binge eating.

In this experimental study with pretest and posttest design, 45 women who suffered from binge eating disorder with BMI ≥ 25  and within the age range of 20- 60 years were selected using available sampling method. They were categorized randomly into the intervention, diet, and control groups (Groups of 15 people). The Gormallychr('39')s Binge Eating severity Scale was used to assess binge eating. Data were analyzed by SPSS/24 software.

The average scores of BES and BMI of the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control and diet groups in the post-test stage and this decrease remained relatively constant in the follow-up stage. The results showed that lifestyle modification intervention using Choice Theory was effective in reducing the binge eating severity (p <0.001) and reducing body mass index (p <0.05) in women with binge eating disorder.

The lifestyle intervention with “choice theory” decreased the binge eating severity and body mass index of women who suffered from binge eating. Hence, it is recommended that health and other organizations apply this treatment.

Among the psychological therapies, forgiveness-based compassion therapy and forgiveness therapy can be helpful for women with marital conflicts. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the effect of forgiveness-based compassion therapy and forgiveness therapy on anger management, marital adjustment, and love frequency of women with marital conflicts

In this experimental (semi-experimental) pretest-posttest study, three groups of individuals participated. The statistical population included women with marital conflicts in Yazd City. The participants (n = 45) were selected randomly and assigned into two experimental groups and one control group randomly.Questionnaires including Spinnerchr('39')s marital adjustment, Spielbergerchr('39')s anger management, and love frequency (single question) were used to measure research variable. The forgiveness-based compassion therapy group was trained in 11 sessions and the forgiveness therapy group attended  eight training sessions. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis.

The forgiveness-based compassion therapy and forgiveness therapy groups were significantly different from the control group in terms of marital adjustment and a significant difference was observed between forgiveness-based compassion therapy and the control group in terms of anger management. However, regarding the variable of love frequency, the difference between the experimental and control groups was not significant.

Based on the findings, forgiveness-based compassion therapy was effective on marital adjustment and anger management, while forgiveness therapy was effective on marital adjustment. So, these two methods are recommended in improving the quality of married life of women with marital conflicts

Health investigations require a wide and continuous range of studies over physical and moral aspects of humans. Health is feeding good and not being sick. Many factors affect the sustainability of health; one of the important factors is cognitive (memory) factors since  episodic memory plays on important role in recording a person’s personal experience related to time and place. Memory bias includes positive or negative orientation and more or less recall. So, the purpose of this study was to examine this orientation and its relationship with public health.

The causal-comparative or causal method was applied to conduct this study; in other words,  the reasons had happened previously and researcher could not manipulate them. The research data were collected from healthy and unhealthy people by Williams test and then analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data.

Memory is a cognitive function that plays an important role in individual activities. Any wrongdoing in the memory system, including bias can provide the context for other cognitive functions and threaten the public health. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intellectual functions of individuals affect their mental and behavioral performance.

Intellectual functions of individuals affect their behavioral performance orientation.

Occupational nature, strenuous physical activity, shift work, spatial and geographical location, as well as support facilities and equipment, pose greater risks to individuals in the oil and gas industry, especially those engaged in offshore oil exploration and production activities. The purpose of this article is to explain the issue of health and well-being of oil and gas industry workers with regard to accidents in this industry, which can be better and more effective by managing safety, health and environment (HSE) by modeling events in other countries.

This review article analyzes the health problems of oil and gas workers. The research question is what issues and challenges the upstream part of the oil and gas industry has in the field of employee welfare. Physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic risk factors have been investigated. It has also pushed the specific problems of the drilling industry (restrictions on offshore work, psychological hazards, stresses from frequent relocations, and sleep quality to choose from).

Physical, chemical and biological hazards have been identified as the most important hazards. In addition, psychological hazards have a very serious effect on health and safety.

Systematic assessment of health risks, personnel health, training programs, accident analysis, is an effective method of HSE management.