نشریه کارآگاه
پیاپی 52 (پاییز 1399)

One of the necessities of the process of pursuing and crime detecting judicial cases is arresting runaway convicts . The specialized CID police as the main source of crime detection of the major and considerable part of crimes needs to augment information abilities of the detectives of special departments and detective assistants of criminal information in order to effectively combat and detect crimes of criminal phenomenon in tracing and arresting professional runaway criminals.
Since criminal information as a consolidated information center in CID Police structure with various dimensions and parameters plays an effective role in arresting professional criminals who have escaped the law, therefore this research has been carried out with the aim of determining the impacts of the dimensions and parameters of information-centric police in arresting the wanted criminals with an emphasis on criminal information.This research is of applied type from objective and type perspectives and of descriptive-analytical type from type and method perspectives and of quantitative surveying from data collection perspectives and the target audience are the detectives and officers of operation and criminal information departments of the Mega City of Tehran CID which were selected in sampling format as many as 97 persons. And in regards to the conducted statistical analysis, the computed correlation coefficient was determined using SPSS software. The research findings show that the dimensions and parameters of criminal information play an effective role in arresting professional runaway criminals which were clarified based on Freedman Test. The technical and telecommunications dimensions have the highest and the human and criminal information dimensions have consequtively their impacts in arresting the runaway criminals. The research findings and results show that the CID special detectives use all the dimensions and parameters of criminal information in a comprehensive and intelligent approach to arrest the wanted criminals, but the CID detectives should make the most of technical and telecommunications dimensions use in order to improve their success in arresting the said criminals.

Increase of government control in economic affairs is an appropriate setting  for administrative and economic corruption among governmental  workers and an important factor in government employees’ crime hype. Criminal policy in its difficult meaning is based on criminal tools and in the expanded meaning it is based on non-criminal and preventive tools. Iran’s criminal policy makers in the legislative, judicial and executive areas are trying to control and reduce the these crime rates through taking reactive measures and codifying different criminal laws and even intensifying the punishment of the perpetrators of economic and white collar crimes, but the increase in the statistics of administrative corruption shows the failure of these policies. In this research, Iran’s criminal policy approach is reviewed in terms of legislative and judicial aspects towards the white collar crimes so that the weak points and causes of failure of the criminal policy are clarified. It seems that the solution to succeed in the criminal policy towards government employees is a change in the punishment-centric approach to the scientific and preventive approach. Taking a criminal policy based on crime preventive measures, eliminating the setting of crime perpetration with the help of criminology science and making more use of non-criminal responses towards white collar crimes can play an important role in the control and reduction of these kinds of crimes.

Changing the nature and method of committing traditional crimes to cyber crimes such as cyber fraud raises this main question in the criminal proceedings law that what changes of search and confiscation will this nature of change bring about in the method of obtaining evidence through issueing search and confiscation order of the system or data in the physical domain and what rules and regulations will be needed, as well? This article has attempted to answer this question in a descriptive-analytical method and using data collection through note-taking and library research. Computer system as the place of searching for electronic evidence has considerable differences from a house as a search place of physical evidence. Rules governing the attainment of electronic evidence in Iran and in America, requires the search order having two issues: firstly, confiscation of the computer system in the place where this system is and secondly search order for the files residing in the system. In regards to the confiscation of the system or data, the US Criminal Law emphasizes on the role of the computer hardware and distinguishes between the system which are the subject of crime themselves and the systems that are only the place of maintaining the incriminating evidence, but Iran’s Law emphasizes on the confiscation of data unless in certain exceptional cases such as time-consuming search or large volume of data. If for any reasons, the system is confiscated, regarding the time it takes to search in the computer system which is in police stations, it is not necessary for police agents to comply with the physical evidence search rules, for example; to do the search order only in daytime, but they can do the search in the systems or data at any time of day.

Familiarity with the patterns of a science or specialty provides the necessary ground for the membership of researchers in that field in scientific societies and makes it possible to use these patterns in specialized practices. Accordingly, people who are familiar with the principles and foundations of that science and have applied them, will rarely have disagreements and differences in actions in related topics. Therefore, people whose research is based on common patterns must follow the same scientific rules and standards. This commitment and consensus is a precondition and necessity for the development and continuation of any investigation in its related field and includes all investigations, especially criminal and crime detection investigations. In general, it can be acknowledged that active people in any profession need a roadmap to guide them in the right direction. The field of crime detection, as a police science and one of the branches of study of criminal sciences, certainly has principles and rules on which it is based, but it certainly did not have an organized style from the beginning, and unfortunately in this field compared to other sciences and despite the diversity of effective technical processes in it, researchers face a lack of theoretical principles and theories. Now, after many years, crime detection has recently had a roadmap, which without a doubt, by observing and implementing its principles, the scientific discovery of crime will be done in a structured and court-friendly manner. The present study seeks to enumerate and explain these principles and rules.

At present, internet crimes occur in different forms which include: internet fraud, internet spionage, abuse of telephone networks, credit card abuse, insertion of virus into other people’s computers and money laundering. Vast abuses in cyberspace cause taking precuations such as their incrimination of criminal topics by different countries. It is certain that executing legal punishment occurs in the setting of criminal qualification of that law and in this regard, distinguishing and unique features of cyberspane relative to the physical world have caused new and essential topics to take place in the fields of criminal qualification in cyberspace and new ideas to be brought up in a manner that some people call it the space without rule and some other believe that criminal qualification with its various manifestations can rule the cyberspace similar to that of the physical world. This research is aimed at identifying legal and executive gaps and presenting preventive measures. The research method in this article is of descriptive-analytical type. Information collection is in library form and in the note-taking format. What is noteworthy in this research is that there are many legal gaps in the areas of combating cyber crimes that are traceable and preventive due to everyday advancement of computer technology and other related sciences and making use of scientific forensics. There are variuos methods including safeguarding databases, service providing centers and updating that can block the way against the criminals of this industry.

The most important concerns of criminal justice agencies are the issue of recidivism of petty thefts and repeated return of chronic offenders to its commitment cycle. The most essential existing problems to prevent petty thefts occurrence are lack of strong and weak points of crime prevention practice. This research was carried out with the aim of determining the impact, together with strong and weak points and operational gaps in preventive plans and measures taken by criminal justice agencies in preventing recidivism of petty thefts by chronic and professional offenders. This research was conducted with a quantitative method from time perspective and is considered occasional and its correlation with applied objectives is regarded as consequential studies. The sample target audience totaling 285 persons were selected among chronic offenders involved in petty thefts with over twice criminal conviction based on Kokran Formula in a random manner who answered a questionnaire with a sustainability coefficient of 74%. The plans and ordinary measures have been influential in the quadruple field of prevention to prevent recidivism of petty thefts by professional and chronic offenders. Although the strong and weak points and operational gaps among the plans are very obvious, sensing and measuring the impacts of criminal justice agencies can provide a setting for the detection of strong and weak points of criminal justice agencies in intensifying the prevention ability of recidivism which by eliminating obstacles and improving effective strategies will contribute to augmenting the ability to prevent recidivism and finally providing and safeguarding community security among people which is the objective of criminal justice agencies.

One of the problems of today’s community is vehicle theft and crimes committed together with them in a manner that vehicle theft is called “the mother of thefts”. This research is intended to investigate the impacts of inter-agency factors in the detection of stolen vehicles by police stations and police posts (Koup) staff in Kermanshah Township. The present research is of applied type from an objective perspective and descriptive-analytical type from methodology perspective which was carried out in surveying method. The target audience included 485 senior officers, junior officers, and sergeants from 15 police stations and command posts of Kermanshah Township in 1397 whose sampling mass was an estimated 230 persons based on Koukran Formula. The sampling method is random. The data collection tools were questionnaires and the extent of sustainability was obtained through Cronbach Alfa Coefficient .84. To analyze the data, statistical descriptive and reasoning methods were used with the help of SPSS 16 Software with criteria tending towards the center like middle average and to investigate the research hypotheses, a single-sample T-test was also used. The research findings showed that the research hypotheses related to the effects of police stations’ equipment (3.51), police stations’ structure (3.36), staff specialty (3.35), staff’s skills (3.29) were all verified and the criteria from consequtively first to fourth are police stations and posts in detecting stolen vehicles. Moreover, the two hypotheses of managerial styles (2.97) and nativeness of staff (2.84) were not verified. The findings show that of the six hypotheses of the research, four equipment, structure, specialty, and skill hypotheses were verified and two managerial style and employing native staff hypotheses were rejected due to being lower than the average 3. In regards to the research findings, the need to have modern equipment for police posts (Koup) such as Plate Number Readers and biometric, vehicle, high-performance motorcycles and advanced radio and wire communications, wearable cameras, portable computers are all necessary for the detection of stolen vehicles in order to make KOUP intelligent. Moreover, the need to outsource service jobs, making use of voluntaries’ capacities, expanding law enforcement and security companies, private sector, playing roles by NGOs and other private firms like honorary police are all the results of the present research.

It is important to detect number of alive people in a room from outside in security systems. In direction of police intelligence, the use of telecommunication equipment is inevitable and in the scientific detection of crimes, it increases accuracy, reduces casualties and financial losses. In this article, ultrawideband radar is introduced as a suitable option for detecting criminals present in a building. In UWB radar, by sending short pulse and receiving signals reflected from the targets, the distance and number of people stationed or moving in the location can be detected. In designing the radar, various components must be considered that proper analysis of each of its parts can increase the accuracy of measuring the distance of targets from the device as well as efficiency. In electronic warfare, in order to degrade the systems, all kinds of unwanted signals enter to the receiver. design of low noise amplifier is important because it determines the noise, linearity and gain of the receiver. In this paper, we proposed a new design of the low noise amplifier with an acceptable performance. The simulation results in Cadence software in 4 to 10 GHz show that the gain is 12 dB, the noise figure is between 3 to 4 dB and the input return loss is less than -10 dB. The power consumption is 12.64 mW with 1.5 volt. The full implementation of the UWB radar plan can help in the scientific fight against crime to carry out police missions and increase intelligence.