نشریه علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 33 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Tourism industry requires a good understanding of the issues and factors affecting the economic, social and cultural in each region. So as effective factor on all elements of development, more than ever is the need to study.In tourism literature, satisfaction with and loyalty to Tourism product, based on socio-demographics, have never been analyzed and discussed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate tourists satisfaction with and tourists loyalty (attractions and facilities) to Tourism product based on the socio-demographics (gender, age, education level, marital, and occupation). In order to assess the tourist satisfaction of the Ardebil County tourism product, questionnaire was used as survey instrument. The validity and reliability of the survey was based on content validity of Cronbach’s Alpha value in SPSS software Version 24, The amount of which is estimated 85%. On the whole, 384 questionnaires were distributed by sampling method among tourists in the summer of 2016 in the township of Ardebil. Results indicated that tourists experienced different levels of satisfaction with Tourism product Ardabil County, Results also showed that there was relationship between the sociodemographics and tourist’s loyalty.

The tourism industry has a special place in the economy of cities, which plays an active and effective role in promoting the economic structure of cities. Due to the various effects of tourism on communities-including urban areas, in the case of optimal and efficient management-it can provide the grounds for the development and progress of host communities. On the other hand, in case of lack of management and negligence, it can cause many problems and challenges in the host regions, which in this study, economic issues have been considered. Today, given the all-encompassing importance of sustainability as the governing paradigm in development, it is necessary to address sustainable development. Also, tourism has been mentioned as one of the important strategies which can be the most important factors for economic reconstruction and development. Therefore, the purpose of this article was investigated the economic role of tourism in sustainable development of cities. This article was a review and its method was descriptive-explanatory. Also, research information has been collected in the form of documentary-libraries. The results of this study showed that tourism on the sustainable development of cities included positive and negative effects that can be used to improve development, so that with proper planning and management on the negative, it can become a strength. Also, this industry is one of the leading sectors in the economy in terms of establishing links with other economic sectors. Therefore, it can boost other economic sectors through supply, demand and production.

In recent decades, cities have grown without a plan and Urban areas in a short time several times its original size have been. Development of discrete components, unplanned, sporadic tight are pattern or distribution of the urban landscape is a significant issue among policy makers around the world has become. Understanding the physical development of the city in order to lead in sustainable urban development is essential In this study, we tried to exami growth and development in Tabriz from 1972 to 2013 using satellite images with Shannon entropy and spatial metrics. In years 1972, 2003 and 2013 the overall accuracy of maps to cover the land use were 82%, 85% and 90%, respectively. the distribution of urban areas built of Tabriz tended to be more violated from 1972 to 2013 so that the maximum growth was experienced in 2013. During this period, the lowest and highest values of the Shannon entropy were 2.868 and 3.961 in 1972 and 2013 respectively. It shows that in 1972, urban areas built was distributed in a compact and homogeneous manner while it is seen a violated distribution in 2013. the city is needed to be managed under a comprehensive urban management design.

As the population of cities increases, limitations on available resources and facilities occur, and dual enjoyment appears among citizens, deprivation for enjoyment. Following this issue, justice-oriented approaches in urban planning are the focus of experts. This approach seeks a balanced distribution of opportunities and resources in different areas of the city and between different population groups in cities and tries to organize the city space based on the principle of justice.The present study is applied in terms of purpose. The method used in it is descriptive-analytical which is based on documentary and field studies.The present study will be conducted with the aim of evaluating social justice in Tabriz Space Organization. Statistical tests of correlation have been performed to analyze the relationship between the socio-economic level of the regions and the level of enjoyment.The results of this study indicate that the most privileged region is region 2 and region 10 is the most deprived region. The Williamson difference coefficient indicates an imbalance in the distribution of indicators between regions, and the correlation test indicates greater enjoyment in the shadow of higher socio-economic conditions.

Today, urban livability and quality of life is the concept key in urban planning.. At the same time urban population growing caused widespread environmental destruction, socio-economic disparities, inequalities in the distribution and dispersion of pollutants and services and so on that reduce the quality of life and livability in cities. Therefore, today the necessity and importance of livability and sustainable development in cities is quite apparent.. The purpose of this research is the Analysis of the livability of urban areas. The research method is descriptive-analytic purpose. The data required for analysis collected by using a questionnaire which its validity and reliability approved by Cronbach's alpha 0.841 formula.The study population includes is residents of Kerman areas. Finally, according to the index of viability conditions were analyzed by using of software (ARCGIS, SPSS), and statistical tests ks, Tukey and Duncan. For weighting the criteria and subcriteria of the Shannon entropy and for ranking the areas of multi-criteria decision-making models (WASPAS, Fuzzy Electre), was used. The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between regions regarding the biological markers of Kerman. So that Duncan and tukeys identified a significant difference in the levels. Finally, based on techniques rankings, respectively, Zone 2, Zone 1, Zone 4 and Zone 3 ranked In general we can say that on the basis of four criteria research, Region 2 Kerman is more desirable. And region 3 has adverse condition is than other areas.

The purpose of this study is analyze the spatial distribution of health services in the country Iran and compare the level of health services in 31 provinces of the country.In this research, the current approach is descriptiveanalytical and applied in terms of its purpose. The data are derived from the secondary type and from the data available in the statistical journal of 1394.Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software have been used to weig the indicators. The TOPSIS model has been used to analyze the distribution of the level of the provinces and their ranking.The results of this study showed that the provinces of Yazd, Semnan, Fars, Ilam, Zanjan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Hamedan, South Khorasan and Chahar mahal Bakhtiari and East Azarbaijan provinces were the highest in terms of level of health services, And the rest of the provinces are in the next ranks.The results of the research indicate that balanced health services are not distributed in different provinces of the country.

The purpose of this study is analyze the spatial distribution of health services in the country Iran and compare the level of health services in 31 provinces of the country.In this research, the current approach is descriptiveanalytical and applied in terms of its purpose. The data are derived from the secondary type and from the data available in the statistical journal of 1394.Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software have been used to weig the indicators. The TOPSIS model has been used to analyze the distribution of the level of the provinces and their ranking.The results of this study showed that the provinces of Yazd, Semnan, Fars, Ilam, Zanjan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Hamedan, South Khorasan and Chahar mahal Bakhtiari and East Azarbaijan provinces were the highest in terms of level of health services, And the rest of the provinces are in the next ranks.The results of the research indicate that balanced health services are not distributed in different provinces of the country.

Recognition of climatic characteristics and use of climatic capabilities is one of the most important factors in optimizing energy consumption in architecture. The purpose of this study is to explain the climatic features and elements of Khomeini Shahr in order to identify the capabilities and climatic capacities and provide practical solutions in the architecture of arid regions. In terms of nature, the research method is applied, in terms of data collection method, it is documentary, and in terms of analysis, it is descriptive-analytical. In this research, using meteorological data of Isfahan station (the station closest to Khomeini Shahr), the elements of temperature, radiation and wind potential have been analyzed using Climate Consultant software. The results of this study indicate the existence of appropriate potentials in the fields of radiation, temperature and wind and unused capacities in these fields. Which can be used in the design and construction of cities and the production of new and renewable energy.

Cultural Landscape are known as mirrors and books whose observation and study can help us reach invaluable information about social, historical, geographical, linguistic, political, cultural, architectural, and artistic issues dominating the historical period through which the authors have lived. The major question posed here is that how successfully has Khaghani, as aLandscape survived throughout Sasani era? The present study has been carried out using a documentaryanalytic method and using the library study method. Findings in this research showed that Khaghani has revealed some invaluable information for the audience of his poetry through reviewing this "reflexive mirror" and through statement of the observable and unobservable aspects and untold stories of history about this cultural Landscape. This study can introduce Khaghani as a cultural geography scholar and can represent "Eyvan-e-Madaen" as a cultural Landscape and can introduce the epic of "Eyvan-e-Madaen" as a very important historical document regarding cultural Landscape and can reflect literature as a sensitive phenomenon to realize geography.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature variations and tellecconection patterns in the branches of western Iranian rivers. In this regard, monthly temperature data of Sanandaj and Marivan stations as well as data from transplantation patterns of NAO and ENSO during the period of 1987- 2016 were used. Lars model was used to study temperature changes and regression model was used to evaluate the relationship. The results show an increase in the mean minimum temperature at Marivan and Sanandaj stations in A2 and B1 scenarios and an increase in maximum temperature in all months. There was also a high correlation between temperature and tellecconection patterns. This correlation is negative in NAO and positive in ENSO. At Sanandaj station, the AO signal is negatively correlated with temperature, indicating that tellecconection patterns have an effect on the temperature of the region.

Familiarity was known as a factor to find identity of people and it is a simple solution to indicate a collective tangible identity that make connection between members of (we), because it has emphasize on differences between members from (their). Social connections that in past, create homogeneity in an area, today are in the cities and district and today cities and district are canons of identities of cultures and familiarities. Existence of various families in the cities and areas can be an opportunity and it can be used for constant development of cities and it can be used as an effective stage for having dynamic city. The aim of present research is investigating the role of familiarity in achieving constant development. The research method is descriptive – analyzing. The research sample is districts of Ilam city and was community employees, That number 384 of the desired sampling using method of is stratified sampling is chosen. its reliability was estimated by Alpha Cronbach 90/8% .To analyzing data LISREL and SPSS software were used. The findings of the present research indicated that familiarity has a positive an significant effect on constant development of Ilam city also cooperation and interaction of civic managers and head persons with these groups , cooperation of local people and social cooperation have significant and positive effect on constant development of Ilam city.