فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 47 (زمستان 1399)

From the point of view of current history, the assumption that historical texts are merely obscured by their creatorchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s mentality is unacceptable because there is a connection between existing text and political and religious structures and processes. What personalities did the authorchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s political-religious concerns lead to, and with what kind of identity, what kind of judgments, and what words were used to organize these names? Relying on these theoretical foundations, we analyze Abu Naeemchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s method of retrieving the translation of the Rashidun caliphs in the introduction to the Sahaba, because the representation of the narrations of the introduction of the Sahaba shows that although its narrations are a reflection of the same narrations of the first to third centuries AH, The use of its words has been formed in order to reject or highlight some of the companions of the Messenger of God in order to give a decisive answer to the political-religious process of the time.

This study discusses the juridical basis of high cleric opponents to the British protection upon Iraq after WWI and survey the relation of jurisprudence with happened events as much as it possible. In this regard the Nafy-e-Sabil rule, ‘Etela Hadith, Conditional Bai’a and secondary warrants as the basis of so-called movement discuss in brief and the reflection of the movement in Tehran has been analyzed. Also the reasons of discuses of the movement have been searched according to many unpublished records, journals, Persian and Arabic sources. Using of descriptive-analytical method, this study tries to relate Sykes-Picot deal as the background of movement with Saint Rimo treatment as the final decision of great powers to show the goal of this study is that the subject of Iraqi Revolution after WWI was not a mere political affair, it had the juridical backgrounds which were documented to the Prophet and Imams Traditions in the early years of Islam; as a result all of the Islamic movements generated upon to that basis.

Bushehr port during the Qajar period was the most important commercial port of Iran due to various factors, especially the volume of exports and imports.  Presence of factors such as the rule of AL-Mazkoor family  and their attention to creating the security in this port, as well as the presence of agents and foreign firms along with the active presence of businessmens, especially Armenian traders have boosted the business of Bushehr port at this time. This research in a descriptive and analytical way and the library method , is seeking to answer the main question,  what role the Busher Armenians played in the commercial activities of this port during the Qajar period? The overviews confirm that Armenian businessmen individually or through the formation of multiple trading houses by various ways,  such as exporting and importing of various goods and accepting the representation of foreign companies and interacting with other Iranian business groups have played active role  in commercial boom in Bushehr port in Qajar period.

in the face of conditions of conflict and compromise? This is analyzed from the perspective of the sociology of peace and using theoretical models of conflict. Therefore, the theoretical framework of the research is taken in the form of two general views of non-violence and non-violence. The research method is a case study using the documentary method for data collection and the model matching method for data analysis which are used in the three periods of the Prophetchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s life, the three caliphs and the rule. The findings of the research show that Ali (AS) was not in a position to decide for peace or war during the life of the Prophet. In the era of the three caliphs, based on a conscientious approach to non-violent methods of protest and non-cooperation, it moves towards political resignation so that even negative peace can be established. During his rule, he uses systematic non-violence to achieve positive peace, and in the face of systematic violence or destructive action, he resorts to strategic violence or deterrent action.

Awareness of the communication network of Imami scholars and the way they communicate with the thriving center of each period is effective in recognizing us from lesser-known scholars in different regions who have been effective in expanding and consolidating Imami Shiism in all parts of the Islamic world.It is important to pay attention to it in various aspects such as teacher-student relations,the effectiveness of thoughts, as well as the type and content of the works produced.Therefore,in the present study,focusing on Karajaki(d. 449) as one of the Levant scholars, his master-student relationship with heads of the Baghdad school has been considered and then the effect of this on Karajakichr (chr(chr(chr(chr ('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39') 39chr('39')))39chr(chr (chr('39')39chr('39')) 39chr (chr('39')39 chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr ('39')39chr('39')) 39chr(chr ('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr (chr('39')39chr('39')) 39chr(chr('39')39chr ('39')))))s scientific performance in Levant has been studied.The result of this descriptive-analytical study indicates that Tusi was not a Karajaki master, just as there was no master-student relationship between Karajaki and Seyyed Morteza, despite her intellectual affinity.Thus, among the leaders of the Baghdad school,Sheikh Mufid was the only Karajaki master.A connection that has influenced his jurisprudential,theological and political views.The choice of subjects overshadowed his writings,influenced the selection and narration of historical narratives in the works of this thinker,and played a significant role in the development of the school of theologians in the Levant.

With the arrival of Islam in Iran, changes took place in the political and social structure of Iran. These changes were intensified during the Umayyad period and Umayyad rulers, relying on their strategy of racial, ethnic, cultural, social, economic, and political superiority, provided the ground for general and pervasive dissatisfaction. The Abbasids seized power, taking advantage of such conditions and the support of the Iranians. In the early years of the new ruling system, the Iranian elite took over the administration of important government affairs and benefited from the social benefits of this period. Relying on a descriptive-analytical approach and a library method, the present study seeks to answer the question of what role Iranian agents played in the early Abbasid transformation and stratification. The findings revealed that the importance of Iranshahrichr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s thought in re-reading Iranian culture and identity in this era, the military role of Iranians, especially the people of Khorasan in the rise to power of the Bani-Abbas government and ultimately the effective role of Iranian ministers and bureaucrats in structure of political power of Abbasid government, were among the factors that greatly influenced the progressive transformation of the Iranian social base in the first Abbasid era.