فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 60 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to identify some personal and social inhibiting factors of academic emotions in graduate students. The target population included all graduate students of Shiraz University in 2019-2020 academic year.Therefor using convenience sampling ,  400 subjects (224 female and 174 males),were selected among the 14  faculties including faculty of literature  and humanities, economics-management and social sciences, educational sciences and psychology, law and political science, mechanical engineering, electrical and computer engineering, and materials and civil engineering . Data were collected using Perry, Ladkage, Pekran & Plethier (2001) Perceived Academic Control, Peacock & Wong (1990) Cognitive Appraisal of Academic Stress, Rashid & Delfan (2019) Expectancy-Value-Cost-Benefit Questionnaire, and Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley (1988) Perceived Social Support, and Pekrun (2005) Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression method. Findings show that Perceived Academic Control, Cognitive Appraisal (except for threat component), Perceived Cost-Benefit, and Perceived Social Support (except for friend support component) had significant role in predicting negative achievement emotions. Consequently, It's suggested that educational systems  recognize and manipulate students' defective cognitive appraisal and turn them into effective assessments, design learning and social environments (especially family) along with establishing positive interaction, familiarize students with the advanties of education, such as entrepreneurship education, play an effective role in better emotional adjustment of students and also reducing their negative emotions.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the role of mediator of emotional self-awareness in the relationship between sense of coherence and self-compassion with academic well-being in students. The present study was correlational. Using a multi-stage random sampling, 350 students were selected among undergraduate students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants completed the questionnaires of sense of coherence by Antonovsky, self-compassion by Neff, emotional self-awareness by Grant et al, academic burnout inventory by Salmela-Aro et al, and schoolwork engagement inventory by Salmela-Aro & Upadya. In order to test the direct and indirect effects model, structural equation modeling was used. The findings indicated that the data fit the model well. The direct effect of sense of coherence and emotional self-awareness on academic well-being was significant. But the direct effect of self-compassion on academic well-being wasn't significant. Also the direct effect of sense of coherence and self-compassion on emotional self-awareness was significant. Indirect effect of sense of coherence and self-compassion with mediating role of emotional self-awareness on academic well-being was significant.  findings of the study showed that  sense of coherence and emotional self-awareness could significantly predict academic well-being. Consequntly , it can be concluded that emotional self-awareness had a mediating role between sense of coherence and self-compassion with well-being.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between transformational leadership, psychological capital and job satisfaction regarding the mediating effects of work engagement among nurses in Tabriz hospitals. This study was conducted with a correlational method. Therefore, 302 people from the population of nurses in Tabriz hospitals were selected by purposeful method. Data were collected by Boyle et al.'s (2018) transformational leadership questionnaire, Dai et al.'s (2019) work engagement Scale, Kim et al.'s (2018) psychological capital inventory as well as Jensen et al.'s (2017) job satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in Smart PLS software. Findings showed that work engagement could significantly mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological capital with job satisfaction. Accordingly, transformational leadership psychological capital had a positive relationship with work engagement as well as with job satisfaction. These findings had practical implications and discussions of the implications of the study findings are presented.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based in quality of life and treatment based on emotion regulation on psychological well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes. The present study was a semi-experimental study that was conducted in pre-test, post-test and follow- up with two experimental and one control groups. The study population included patients with type 2 diabetes in Dubai city during the spring and summer of 2019 referred to the Iranian hospital in the Dubai city. Therefore, 45 patients were selected randomly and randomly divided into two experimental and one control group (15 subjects in each group). The interventional program of the experimental groups was performed in 8 sessions of 120 minutes. The control group did not receive intervention during this period. Data were collected by Reef Psychological Well-Being (1980) and Walker Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (1987). Data were analyzed using univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings showed that treatment based on quality of life and treatment based on adjustment of emotion had significant effects on psychological well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there was no significant difference was observed between these treatments.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of thenewly developed Contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the affective control in women with generalized anxiety disorder. The present study was a quasi-experimental one with pre- and post-test design including control group. 45 women with generalized anxiety disorder were selected as the study sample through convenient sampling method in 2019, and were assigned into one of the experimental and control groups. The Newly developed Treatment Contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy were held separately in 12 sessions and each session took about 90-minutes. No training was applied for the control group. The Affective control scale of Williams et al. (1998) was applied as the measuring tool in which subjects completed in pre- and post-test evaluations. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance. Findings showed that the developmental treatment contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improved the affective control (p <0.01), and the improvement rate was higher than the subjects of the control group (p <0.01); however, the two experimental groups did not differ significantly (P <0.05).  The Newly developed treatment contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improved the affective controlin women with generalized anxiety disorder. Developmental therapy focuses on the physiological and emotional experiences of the client so that they could experience the emotional contrast, which may be considered as one of the fundamental causes of generalized anxiety disorder. This approach may also be effective in treating mental disorders that have an emotional basic.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on self-efficacy beliefs and academic adjustment of female high school students in Ilam.The research method was experimental and pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population included high school female students in Ilam in 2017-2018 who were selected by random multi-stage cluster method, 30 subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group (15 subjects in each group). The instruments used were Scherer Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Academic Adjustment Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software with Multivariate Analysis of covariance.Findings showed a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in self-efficacy (p < .001, F = 191.53) and academic adjustment (p < .002, F = 21.12).  Hence, cognitive-behavioral stress management increased students' self-efficacy and academic adjustment. It can be concluded that in stress management program, relaxation skills, expression, etc. are trained, which increases the feeling of control, self-efficacy, adaptation and social support.

The present research aimed to determine the role of components of metacognitive skills and mathematics attitude in predicting female high school students' homeworkmanagement in Urmia City in the academic year 2015-2016. The study population included female high school students (N=4852). Using multistage cluster sampling, 358 subjects were selected. Data were collected by O’Neil & Abedi’s State Metacognition Inventory, Newman’s Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire and Xu’s homework Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by regression analysis method. Results showed that homework management was predicted by two components of metacognitive skills (awareness and control). The results suggested that among components of metacognition, the two components (awareness and control) significantly predicted homework management positively (. It can be concluded that awareness is the strongest variable in predicting and explaining homeworkmanagement, followed by the component awareness.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on fear of childbirth and causes of fear in pregnant women who have their first childbirth.The study population consisted of 50 primiparouswomen who were selected by purposive sampling methodand randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (each group consisting of 25).The intervention period was in the third month of pregnancy in the experimental group.Nine 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy training were performed by the researcher on the experimental group and the control group did not receive any specific intervention.The research instruments included Harman (1988) Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire and Harman (1988) Causes of Fear of Childbirth.Data were analyzed byAnalysis using Covariance was.Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group for both variables of fear of childbirth and causes of fear of childbirth (p≥0.001).In addition, the subscale of pain had the most decrease and the subgroup of preterm labor had the least decrease.The results indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing the fear of childbirth and its causes.Psychological training, however small, for pregnant women could bring great relief. Decreasing the rate of psychological problems of pregnant women such as their fear and anxiety could have an increasing effect on their control over their emotions and attitudes and ultimately on their mental health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self- compassion training on marital intimacy and marital satisfaction in married female. The method of this study is quasi-experimental,The study population included married female of Bu Ali Sina University of Hamedan.Using convenience sampling method, 40 subjects were selected,and wererandomly assigned in two experimental and control groups.The experimental group received self-compassion-based treatment andthe control group did not receive any intervention.In this study, data were colleced using Enrich Marital Satisfaction (1989) and Bagarozi Marital Intimacy questionnaire (2001). Data were analyzed using Multivariate and Univariate Analysis of Covariance. Findings showed that self-compassion-based training was effective in increasing the level of marital intimacy, components of psychological intimacy, emotional intimacy, sexual intimacy, physical intimacy and social intimacy.Self-compassion training was also effective in increasing marital satisfaction and the components of marital relationship, marriage and children, relatives, and religious orientation. Therefore, self-compassion training increases marital intimacy and marital satisfaction.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in behavioral types and investors' investment decisions in Tehran Stock Exchange.  This study was conducted with a correlational method Data were collected through Michel M. Behavioral Questionnaires, Pompian (2012), Schuarzzo Gersalm Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1995), and the researcher-made investment decision questionnaire. The study population included investors of Tehran Stock Exchange, thereforeusing convenience sampling method, 350 were selected with respect to Morgan table, and 320 questionnaires were completed.  Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. Findings showed that the Preserver, the Follower, the Independent, and the Accumulator types of behavior had significant effect on the self-efficacy and decision in the investors following the model fit examination. Also, the effect of self-efficacy on investors’ decisions was confirmed. Hence, it could be concluded that the mediating role of self-efficacy in investors’ behavioral Types and related investment decisions in Tehran Stock Exchange was significant.

The purpose of this study was to predict bullying based on personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance in students. This study was conducted with a correlational method. The study population consisted of male high school students in Khoshkibijar city in 2018-2019. Using convenience sampling method, 200 were selected. Data were collected using Illinois Bullying Scale(2001), Hexaco Ashton & Lee Personality Inventory(2001), Garnefski & Craig (2006) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire, and Simmons & Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005). In this study, data were analyzed by stepwise discriminant function analysis. Findings showed that among the components of personality traits - agreeableness, conscientiousness and honesty - humility and among the components of cognitive emotion regulation strategy; self-blame, blaming others and focusing on rumination as well as among the components of distress tolerance; evaluation, adjustment, and imbibition had the highest contribution to the detection and distinguishing ability between classes, respectively. The prediction of group membership for correct classification of students in personality traits was 64.5%, cognitive emotion regulation strategies 63% and for distress tolerance 64.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that bullying is more often used as a means of achieving specific goals and releasing distracting thoughts and emotions in students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural modeling of the relationship between mindfulness, self-determination, self-compassion and alexithymiaamong female students who engage in self-injury. The present research was conducted with a correlational method that performed by structural equation modeling. The study population consisted female high school students in Fooladshahr in 2019-2020. Using purposeful sampling method, 91 subjects were selected and completed Freiburg's mindfulness questionnaire, self-compassion, self-determination scale, and alexithymia. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SMART-PLS software. Findings showed that mindfulness had a direct positive effect on both self-compassion and self-determination and had a direct negative effect on alexithymia. Moreover, self-determination had a direct positive effect on self-compassion and had a negative direct effect on alexithymia (p < 0.01). However, investigating indirect relationships showed that mindfulness indirectly by increase self-determination resulted in increasing self-compassion and decreeing alexithymiain girl adolescents who engage in self-injury (p < 0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that self-determination plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion and also in the relationship between mindfulness and alexithymia among girl students who engage in self-injury.

Fredrick Perls founded his new modality of psychotherapy on increasing awareness, being here and now, responsibility and relaying on the organismic self-regulating process for passing from environmental support to self-support. He and his followers (the West Coast Gestalt therapists) viewed the Gestalt approach as a lifestyle first and then as a method of psychotherapy but his wife, Lura (the most prominent figure of the West Coast) and her associates (East Coast) tried to keep Gestalt therapy as much as possible in counseling sessions and brought it into professional discipline, like other forms of psychotherapy. Besides, they had different views on frustration and relationship in the course of psychotherapy. Contemporary Gestalt therapy was based on the three pillars of Husserl's phenomenology, Levine's field theory, and Buber's dialogical approach. In this paper, while explaining these three foundations and the "Alterity" of Emmanuel Levinas, the four principles of the contemporary Gestalt therapy (Alterity, presence, acceptance and commitment) were introduced.