فصلنامه مطالعات میان فرهنگی
پیاپی 41 (زمستان 1398)

The presence of Afghan immigrants in Iran, as the largest ethnicity of immigrants in Iran, goes back to many years ago. Now, a portion of them have children in Iran, and the third generation of these immigrants feels a sense of belonging to Iran as their birthplace. This generation is moving in a direction; in which they are having more demands from society. The commonality of these two nationalities in language, religion, and some of their culture has made the type of social interactions more complicated. Little attention, humiliation, and being looked down upon are the least of the experiences that have exerted damages to these people, which in response, these three generations have chosen different approaches of compromise, conformity, and isolation. In this qualitative study, 20 Afghan immigrants living in Bumehen, near the capital Tehran, are interviewed with the Gudykunst & Orbe’s theoretical framework and their behaviors are analyzed based on the co-cultural theory. The result shows that the third generation of Afghan immigrants, unlike previous generations who traditionally chose the approach of compromise, chooses the conformity approach and sometimes in a more limited manner, they choose the approach of isolation.

This study examines the desirable lifestyle of political agents in accordance with the Quran, the tradition of the Infallibles (AS) and reason in line with the Iranian Islamic model of progress. The main question of the research is what are the desirable components of the lifestyle of political agents in the Iranian Islamic model of progress in accordance with the logic of the religion of Islam (intellect, Quran, tradition)? And by what model can the desired lifestyle be achieved for political agents? In this article, using the Quran, the Sunnah of the Infallibles (AS) and the intellect, the desirable components of the Islamic lifestyle of political agents have been extracted, and while providing a model in this regard, we have examined the current state of the lifestyle of political agents. The research method has been extracted by using the method of face-to-face interview and referring to experts and on the other hand by using the method of qualitative content analysis and using the sources of Quran, Sunnah of the Infallibles (AS) and the wisdom of the components. In the quantitative part of this research, descriptive statistics has been used, the result of which is the identification of 12 components and 60 indicators in the field of lifestyle of political agents, which, if observed, will appear in four areas of the Iranian Islamic model-progress. Therefore, in order to progress in these four areas, the grounds must be provided. One of these areas is the reform of the lifestyle of political agents in society based on Islamic-Iranian models.

The present study, considering the need for extensive scientific research to expand the concept of cultural security and identify the strengths and weaknesses of our country and our neighbors in this field, tries to play a small role in deepening and expanding the cultural security literature. . This role-playing will be done by exploring the importance of the ECO's role in ensuring the cultural security of member countries. The achievements of this research, which is based on the theoretical framework of constructivism and retrospective method, show that ECO has an important role in achieving cultural security of member countries and due to its special position, position and characteristics can be designed by formulating strategies. Execute the executive policies and institutions and structures of the drivers, as well as the definition of the monitoring and supervision system, the roadmap for ensuring the cultural security of the member countries in the horizon of 1420 and monitor its accuracy, correctness and progress.

The Islamic Revolution has created a socio-cultural transformation in Iranian society that emphasizes cultural tools and dialogue in communication and interaction with other governments and nations. Based on the teachings of Islam, Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, attaches a special role and position to cultural elements in the social and political spheres. By emphasizing the innate and divine values ​​that are common to all human beings, he has sought to awaken and educate the people and create unity among Muslims based on universal cultural values. Also Iran and, of course, its foreign policy have always considered certain cultural, identity and ideological principles due to their combination of two rich identities and cultural backgrounds, "Iranian source" and "Islamic source". This article, after examining the capacity created through civilized and religious sources and other cultural components for the foreign policy and diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, deals with the type of view and position of cultural diplomacy in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought. The main concern of this article is to answer the question: "What are the criteria for strengthening cultural diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran according to the instructions Ayatollah Khamenei?" To answer this question, this article; It tests the following hypothesis: "The components of power-creating civilization in the context of cultural diplomacy are the basis for improving the performance and realization of the goals of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the age of globalization."

This study compares democratization in Iran and Turkey. We show that Iranian and Ottoman society experienced the wave of democratization in 1906 and 1908 respectively. Our argument is that democratization is the result of the combination of three causal conditions, educational development and the agency of political actors and the agency of social actors. Theoretically, educational development only can potentially facilitate the process of democratization, but this is dependent on how political elites respond to it. The strategic choices made by the élites determine the main process of democratization. This study uses comparative historical analysis. Methodologically, the comparative historical analysis focuses on both historically interpretive and causally analytic.The findings indicate that the educational development as a structural resource in combination with the strategic choeces of political and social actors such as negotiation or coalition or the creation of a social movement has led to democratization.

The aim of this study has been to review the textbooks of experimental sciences in elementary school in terms of attention to the components of bioethics. The research method in this research work is content analysis. Society and statistical sample in this research are science books for the first to sixth years of elementary school, in which all the contents of the books, including: writings, pictures, questions, assignments and experiments, have been examined. Content analysis table is prepared using bioethics components based on 4 basic principles including the principle of justice, the principle of satisfaction, the principle of non-harmlessness and the principle of individual independence with respect to privacy, personal and social status and sovereignty. The results of this study indicate that out of a total of 4475 analyzable propositions, 648 propositions (15%) refer to the basic principles of bioethics. The principle of justice with 220 propositions (4.9%), the principle of satisfaction with 218 propositions (4.8%), the principle of no harm with 210 propositions (4.7%) and the principle of privacy, personal and social dignity and sovereignty with 12 propositions (0.2%) has been raised. The results also show that there is no necessary coherence in compiling books in terms of content coherence and in some academic years one or more components of bioethics have not been considered. And in terms of how to present the concepts in different academic years in the form of text, images and questions, there has been no necessary care.