فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 50، زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social ties on the commercialization perception of sports science research with the mediating role of students' research capability. This is based on purpose, is applicable and it is descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. The statistical population consisted of all postgraduate students of sports science in Tehran universities. Based on the Cochran formula, 276 of them were selected through stratified (proportional allocation) and random sampling. Data collection tools were questionnaires of Ariani et al.'s (2012) research capability, Fernandez-Perez et al.'s social ties (2015), and Latif et al .'s (2016) commercialization perception. The content validity of these questionnaires was investigated with the help of corrective opinions of 8 professors of sports sciences and 3 professors of entrepreneurship, and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. In the first step, the data analysis showed that the status of students' social ties was desirable, and their research capability and commercialization perception status were below average. In the second step, the results obtained from SMART PLS 3 software showed that social ties and research capability have a direct and significant relationship with the commercialization perception of students' research achievements. At the same time, research capability was identified as a mediator of the relationship between social ties and the perception of commercialization. Therefore, sports science faculties need to take an important step in commercializing sports science research while developing research capability and social ties of students.

In today's world where entrepreneurship is synonymous with value creation, the focus on the concept of value and value creation helps businesses to be able to adopt the right strategies to compete and survive in the new competitive environment. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to provide a value creation model of service brand identity with an entrepreneurial approach in educational companies in Tehran so that it can cover the growing needs of branding in the educational space. The statistical population of the study is 13 experts in educational institutions who were examined based on the method of targeted sampling and up to the saturation limit of the required information and theoretical adequacy with the qualitative method of data foundation theory. After conducting semi-structured interviews and collecting information, the codes obtained in different sections were analyzed, and after performing the three steps of open, central and selective coding of the final model of the total pivotal category, causal conditions, background, interventions, strategies, and ultimately, financial and social consequences. Each of these conditions and the factors that make up the model have variables and categories that pay attention to the realization of the ultimate goal of branding.

Globalization and knowledge-based economy have led to the alteration of the traditional mission of university education and research to economic and social development or the University of Entrepreneurship. Higher education in helping the skilled workforce to respond to the changing demands of the labor market in a knowledge-based economy is influenced by the entrepreneurial orientations and goals. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial behavior with the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of graduate engineering students of Sistan and Baluchestan University. The research method was a correlation that was performed in the community of graduate engineering students of Sistan and Baluchestan University with a sample of 260 people based on simple random sampling. The research tools were three questionnaires: individual entrepreneurship orientation, entrepreneurial behavior, and entrepreneurial intention. Confirmatory validity and reliability of all three appropriate instruments were reported well. The analysis method using Lisrel software was a structural equation model. The results revealed that the orientation of individual entrepreneurship directly and indirectly through entrepreneurial intention is effective on entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurial intent also had a direct effect on entrepreneurial behavior. It can be said that the values of risk-taking, activism, and innovation along with entrepreneurial intention will play a constructive role in entrepreneurial behavior. In a way, in the mobility and creation of entrepreneurial behavior of students, the attitudes and personality of the individual along with a specific goal play a constructive role.

Most entrepreneurs consider several important steps to develop entrepreneurship and value creation, including discovering and evaluating opportunities, anticipating the required capital and income But depending on type and value of opportunity the expectation of these steps can be complex, and uncertain. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and efficient model for the development of the entrepreneurial process that will create value for all actors in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. For this purpose, using meta-analysis and theme analysis, the effective steps and activities in the entrepreneurial process were identified. The output of this systematic analysis is 60 themes and 12 categories, based on which the initial model of research was drawn at the level of entrepreneurship steps and activities. To determine the relationships of the model variables structural equations and confirmatory factor analysis were used ; Analysis data were prepared based on a questionnaire with 60 items and were prepared by 180 managers and experts of Sajjad Park (Tehran and Mashhad).In the next step, the research model was extracted using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Finally, the model variables were evaluated through analytical network analysis process ANP and their importance coefficient in value creation in the entrepreneurial ecosystem or value network was calculated.

Media startups play an important role in developing knowledge based economy, and are becoming a source of numerous social changes. These media startups and their specific aspects and characteristics are scrutinized in the realm of media entrepreneurship. This research attempts to investigate the challenges of media startup creation. A qualitative research design –multiple case study- is used. This research is an applied research in terms of goal. Eleven co-founders of five media startups are interviewed using a semi structured interview protocol. The authors used two-step coding in order to analyze the statements an outputs of the interview sessions. Findings revealed that there are six categories of challenges of media startup creation, which are: legal challenges, infrastructural challenges, human capital challenges, funding challenges, media credibility challenges, and content related challenges. Based on our findings, the content related challenges are among the most important challenges faced by media startups in their creation stage.

The emergence of the affluenza phenomenon as a symbol of extreme consumerism among the children of the entrepreneurs’ family can threaten the survival and growth of businesses that has not been so far studied comprehensively. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of affluenza among entrepreneurs’ children using the grounded theory. After coding and analyzing, the information obtained from 15 semi-structured interviews (based on purposeful sampling method) with entrepreneurs of Tehran chamber of commerce, 117 concepts, 20 components and 7 categories were extracted using Atlas.ti software. According to findings of the study, the causal conditions of Affluenza phenomenon are factors such as unbalance between business and life by entrepreneurs, unfavorable role modeling of entrepreneurial parents along with unfavorable entrepreneurial national framework/conditions (unfavorable business environment) that creates Entrepreneurship-aversion mindset among the children of entrepreneurs. This mindset leads to non-entrepreneurial and even anti-entrepreneurial actions such as extreme consumerism, escape from hardship and etc. among the children of entrepreneurs. Family unfavorable environment (as contextual conditions) as well as general framework/conditions of society such as public culture and macroeconomic situation in the country (as intervening conditions) affects the entrepreneurship-aversion mindset of their children. The consequences of the affluenza phenomenon at the individual level lead to the lack of forming the transgenerational entrepreneurship, as well as at the business level leads to the lack of business survival and growth. Further, the affluenza phenomenon leads at the national level to loss national resources and lack of development of entrepreneurial national culture.

The purpose of this research is investigating the factors affecting knowledge transfer and its impact on innovation performance of international strategic alliances of pharmaceutical SMEs. This paper is an applied research that in terms of data collection is descriptive _survey. Target population of this study consists of managers and owners of international businesses active in the pharmaceutical industry. Also in this study in order to evaluate the relationship between variables and their impact on each other, the partial least squares method (PLS) and smart-PLS software were used. The results showed that it-based systems, learning strategy, trust culture and flexible structure have a positive effect on knowledge transfer and knowledge transfer also has a positive effect on knowledge transfer. Also absorptive capacity of the alliance moderates the relation between knowledge transfer and innovation performance in international strategic alliances.

Factors affecting the level of entrepreneurship include the proper functioning of the macroeconomic environment and the improvement of institutional quality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between institutional quality, the macroeconomic environment and entrepreneurial activities in selected developing and developed countries in the period 2018-2010. To measure the level of entrepreneurial activity, three indicators were used for the total early stage entrepreneurship rate, the rate of emerging entrepreneurship and the rate of new entrepreneurship, and to measure the quality of institutions, competitiveness, economic freedom and the quality index for corporate governance. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of data collection. Research data was extracted from the Global Entrepreneurship Observatory (GEM) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) and analyzed using the Generalized Torque (GMM) estimate using the STATA 14 software. The results show that the impact of the intended indicators (per capita output growth, unemployment, inflation, tax rate, and foreign direct investment, access to finance, competitiveness, index of economic freedom and governance index) depends on the type of business and the level of Development of the countries. The results also showed that economic freedom is more positively associated with all types of entrepreneurship in industrialized countries. In addition, the quality of governance and the economic competitiveness of countries are inversely related to entrepreneurship in industrialized countries and positive relationships with developing countries.