فصلنامه پژوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی
پیاپی 40 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness on attention and aggression in children less than 12 years Old in Tehran.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all 8-12 year old children in Tehran who were referred to image counseling center by school principals due to aggression and attention deficit disorder. Then they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (12 experimental and 12 controls). The mindfulness program was administered to the experimental group in eight sessions of 90 minutes once a week. Questionnaires of Child Abuse and Co-workers (2008) and Robertson et al. (1999) Questionnaire were used for data collection. Covariance analysis test was used for data analysis.

The results showed that mindfulness is effective on attention and aggression in children less than 12 years of age in Tehran (p < 0.001). Mindfulness was also effective on sustained attention, selective attention, attention control and on aggressive components including verbal, physical, relational and impulsive (p < 0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that applying mindfulness techniques can improve attention problems and reduce aggression in children. It seems negative thoughts and emotions, developmental delays and difficulty communicating with others, and high levels of stress in adapting to the environment are reduced by mindfulness exercises, followed by increased skills in managing pleasant behaviors and thoughts in children.

With the increase of the elderly, the issue of their health and well-being in the society is becoming more widespread every day. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mental and social health in sexual health of elderly women.

This research has been an applied type that was done by descriptive- correlational method. The statistical population of the study was the elderly women of Tehran, out of which 220 elderly women were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data were obtained through Short Form Symptom Checklist-25-Revised (Najarian & Davoodi,1380), Keyes Social Health (Keyes,2004) and Women's Sexual Function Index (Rosen, 2000). Data were analyzed using Statistical methods of correlation and regression analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mental and social health with sexual health of elderly women (p <0.01).The mental health components (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phibic, paranoid thinking, psychoticism and aggression) inversely and significantly, and the social health components (social actualization, social coherence, social integration, social acceptance and social contribution) directly and significantly are related to the sexual health of elderly women.

The results of regression analysis also showed that mental and social health are predictors of sexual health in elderly women, which mental health is a stronger predictor than social health.Based on this, it can be concluded that women's sexual function is a multidimensional process and it seems that factors such as psychological components like anxiety and depression and social components like social acceptance can affect women's sexual health.

The purpose of the present research was to predict voting behaviors based on mental health, social wellbeing and psychological self-efficacy of Tehran citizens in presidential elections . It was a descriptive-correlation research and incuded 400 Tehran citizens higher than 20 years old who at least once participated in elections. The participents were selected by multistage cluster sampling and they all completed Kinz social wellbeing questionnaire (1998), SCL 25 mental health, Sherer and Madox self efficacy (GSE) and Shahram nia, Milani. Karami Rad and Jamil . voting behaviors (2015). Data were well analyzed by SPSS 20 software and step by step regression analysis test. The results showed that all three regression model are significant in predicting voting behaviors. So, psychological self efficacy, socia l wellbeing and mental health are all considered as the most powerful predicting factors of voting behaviors in Tehran citizens in presidential ellection and also psychological self efficacy, social wellbeing and mental health predict voting behaviors in positive direction (p < 0.01). According to the results, we may expect people to have proper voting behaviors when they experience proper mental health and social health in the society and beside it is necessary in social political training of the society.

Aim of this research was to determine the mediating role of internalization of societal ideals in the relationship between sociocultural attitudes and body appearance dissatisfaction.

Based on a correlation design, 270 client (women) aged 20- 40 years to beauty centers of Tehran were selected with convenience sampling and complete Multidimensional Body-Self Relations (Cash,1997) and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance -3 (Thompson et al, 2000) questionnaires. In order to analyze data, path analysis used.

The Findings indicated that the model has an acceptable fit between the variables .Direct effect from importance (ß=0/122, p < 0/05) and pressure (ß=0/141, p < 0/05) sub scales from sociocultural attitudes, and direct effect from general internalization (ß=0/276, p < 0/001) from internalization of societal ideals have negatively significant association with body appearance dissatisfaction. Direct effect from athlete internalization (ß=0/222, p < 0/001) has a positively significant association with body appearance dissatisfaction. This findings showed that sociocultural attitudes through the internalization of societal ideals has a significant indirect effect on body appearance dissatisfaction. Also, Predictive variables can be explained 17% of the variance of body appearance dissatisfaction.

According to the findings of this research, the factors regarding internalization of societal ideals could be beneficial in prevention of body appearance dissatisfaction and related problems.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the phenomenon of identity cloaking under the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in second grade high school students in Bandar-lengeh.This research was carried out qualitatively and in a grounded method.

The research area in this study is all second-grade female secondary school students covered by the Relief Committee. A total of 20 students covered in the research participated in the study, which became accessible to theoretical saturation by targeted sampling. Then the data were analyzed by the method suggested by Strauss & Corbin consisting of coding (open, pivotal & optional).

A total of 50 and finally 33 initial codes were obtained from the interviews, and in the later stages of the analysis, the main phenomenon called identity concealment, contexts, causes, strategies and consequences were extracted from the interviews. Damage to respect is the avoidance of ridicule and the rejection of the causes of secrecy. The ground conditionis exposed in front of the people in higher social class. The school environment is a place where these students are vital that classmates and teachers do not notice.

These problems that facing these citizens show that should be more invistigated about changing society's attitude towards the poor as people with social credibility; something can also be found in religious believe.

One of the major problems of socially anxious individuals is their inability to identify mental states. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the role of social intelligence and mind reading in predicting social anxiety based on the Clark and Wells model.

For this purpose, a sample of 218 adult men and women by Social Anxiety questionnaire (SAQ), Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and Reading the Mind in the Voice Test (RMVT) Were evaluated. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

The results of Pearson correlation showed that there is a significant negative relationship between social intelligence and its components and reading the mind through the eyes with social anxiety. In addition, there is a significant positive relationship between social intelligence and reading the mind through the eyes. However, no significant relationship was found between reading the mind through the voice with social anxiety and social intelligence. Regression results showed that the components of social skills and social awareness of social intelligence as well as mind reading through the eyes are able to significantly predict 37% of the variance of social anxiety.

Overall, it can be concluded that socially anxious individuals are weaker in the components of social intelligence and the ability to reading the minds by observing others, an issue that should be considered in recognizing and treating social anxiety.

internet is playing a significant role for expanding our social communication. Thus, the purpose of the present research was determining the moderating role of social support in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and cyberspace addiction.

The research design was descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of undergraduate students at Azad University of Lahijan in the academic year 1397-1398, among whom 282 participated as sample in this research based on Cochran formula with a sampling error of 0.01 by applying multistage cluster random sampling method. Young’s diagnostic questionnaire for internet addiction (1966), Parker & Boyce’s interpersonal sensitivity measure (1989), and Sherburne & Stewart’s social support survey (1991) were distributed and data path analysis was carried out by AMOS and data correlation analysis was conducted by SPSS.

The data analysis revealed a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between Internet addiction and interpersonal sensitivity, Internet addiction and social support, and between social support and interpersonal sensitivity. Furthermore, path analysis results showed that the path of interpersonal sensitivity and internet dependency (β=0.16) at the level of 0.05, the path of interpersonal sensitivity and social support (β=0.33) and social support to Internet dependency (β=0.40) at the level of 0.01 are statistically significant and meaningful.

Social support and interpersonal sensitivity can play prominent roles in Internet dependency as key variables. Hence, proper preventive measures should be taken for the betterment of the society’s mental health.

Social adjustment is one of the most basic criteria for taking responsibility of individuals in any society and is effective in improving the quality of life in any society. The present study predicts cognitive flexibility on social adjustment and responsibility in female students.

In this study, the statistical population of all female students of Qom University in the academic year 2019-2020 is included. (N=5050). Among them, 357 students were selected by stratified random sampling and analyzed. Data were collected through Dennis and Vendral (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, Sinha and Singh Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1993) and the California Psychological Questionnaire (1984) and analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis.

Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social adjustment and responsibility with cognitive flexibility. Also, according to the results of social adjustment, 42% and responsibility accounted for 29% of the changes in cognitive flexibility of female students, and at the same time, social adjustment and responsibility were able to explain 36% of the variance of cognitive flexibility (F=103/296, p < 0/0001).

The results indicate the importance of social adjustment and cognitive responsibility in explaining cognitive flexibility. Therefore, the formation of workshops and training classes by explaining the importance of responsibility and also teaching better social adjustment methods, can be effective in improving the cognitive flexibility of students.

Establishing social relations between individuals can have an impact on a person's life. Social communication refers to any interaction and exchange established by humans, such as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, feelings, facts, and so on.The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the scale of social exchange styles and personality traits in students in Tehran.

The present study population is students in Tehran. In this study, 419 people were selected by available non-random sampling method and answered the social exchange styles questionnaire (Liebman, 2011) and 123 people answered the short neo-form personality traits questionnaire (Costa and McCray, 1985).

The reliability of the items and the internal consistency of the scale and subscales of the structure were investigated. The reliability of the social exchange styles scale was obtained from Cronbach's alpha method 0.891 and also the validity of the exchange styles scale was obtained from the construct validity method by Forner and Locker methods. Also, using the structural model, the relationships between structures were causally examined. According to the results, a significant coefficient for the pursuit factor of 9.81, fairness 15.161, individualism 6.003, utilitarianism 32.916 and extreme investment 15.467 Has been reported (p <0.0001). Also, a structural model of direct relationship between the dimensions of social exchange styles and personality traits was presented.

Based on the research findings, the scale of social exchange styles has acceptable psychometric properties in the target community. Also, some exchange styles are related to some personality traits.