نشریه رهیافت
پیاپی 80 (زمستان 1399)

The aim of this study was to introduce digital university as a suitable platform for digital learning in the Coronavirus and post- Coronavirus eras. Today, the outbreak of the Coronavirus has brought about dramatic changes in the nature and function of higher education, especially universities. The digital university is the evolutionary approach of universities and higher education institutions in the face of the Coronavirus crisis and beyond. The present study was a review method for systematic collection of studies, especially in the Coronavirus period. Findings of the present study emphasize on the digital integration of the university so that all its functions, processes and procedures are digitally integrated. Digitally defined learning includes components such as digital learning methods, digital learning contexts, tools and simulators, and digital learning support systems. With an emphasis on digital learning, features such as flexibility, parallelism, effectiveness, efficiency, social equality, internationalization, quality, and a new professor-student role emerge at the digital university, And creates like it. Finally, attention to policy in the areas (education including evaluation, monitoring and quality of digital education, digital content, digital curriculum and digital teaching-learning process) and technology (software and hardware policies and support policies)Structure includes (digital policies and rules, digital management and leadership) cultural (digital communication management, internationalization of higher education courses, knowledge and attitudes towards digital courses and access to higher education and social equality) and financial policy (financial management, methods Funding and funding methods are important. Accordingly, the digital university, as a suitable platform for digital learning, introduces an effective strategy in higher education during and after Coronavirus.

The Corona virus pandemic has challenged all of society's institutions, including higher education and higher vocational education, as part of it; Various policy actions at the governmental and academic levels have been taken in different countries to respond to this crisis. The purpose of this study is to review the global experiences in this field and to summarize these actions and policies and to share them and present innovative policy suggestions, with the aim of helping to reduce the effects of Corona pandemics in vocational higher education. This research is based on the type of a qualitative content analysis and has been developed using descriptive-analytical research method. Examples of challenges facing universities as well as TVET universities during the Corona period have been collected and presented, and policy solutions and measures taken to deal with the crisis have been reviewed. Policy proposals collected and analyzed in five areas: 1- Health actions and measures including the production of Health supplies and medical equipment, development of health instructions for workshop environments, etc. 2- Administrative measures to protect the performance of the educational system, including revision of accreditation processes, providing the ground for universities to collaborate with research centers and improve networking with stakeholders, etc., 3-Financial support Includes financial support for students and professors. 4- Socio-emotional support of the university community, including psychological support and social dialogue networks of the university community, the use of tools such as virtual reality, augmented reality and simulation to provide practical lessons and workshops, etc.

The purpose of this study is to explain the need to identify and develop thematic and specific indicators of science, technology and innovation in the field of "vaccines and biological products". Research

The library and document method has been used. This research was conducted in three consecutive stages as follows: 1. All general and thematic upstream documents related to the country were reviewed in order to realize the importance of vaccines and biological products and to extract goals, indicators and programs related to this field; 2. In order to identify the main activities of science, technology and innovation in the field of manufacturing and development of vaccines and biological products, the relevant information sources were reviewed. 3. Finally, science, technology and innovation activities in this field were compared with existing indicators to determine the response rate of existing indicators to monitor and surveillance activities and programs in this field.

All upstream documents have emphasized the importance of science, technology and innovation and the need to monitor, evaluate and measure it in the field of vaccines and biological products. Previous research has found only two very general indicators in the field of vaccine science and technology and biological products. The main activities extracted from the reference and reliable specialized information sources in the field of vaccines and biological products were more than 100 cases.

The structure and content of all upstream documents include general and macro orientations, policies, requirements and indicators. Therefore, there was not enough opportunity or necessity to pay attention and to describe in more detail the indicators of science, technology and innovation required by each of the thematic and important scientific sections, including very important, pivotal and strategic sections such as "vaccines and biological products" in these documents. Using only 2 very general indicators, it is not possible to evaluate and monitor more than 100 main activities in this field. The vaccine and biological products sector of the country also seeks to develop specific indicators of science, technology and innovation in order to achieve alignment with other sectors and in order to achieve the goals of upstream documents. Overall, the existing and macro indicators of science, technology and innovation do not meet the need for continuous evaluation, monitoring and evaluation of activities in the field of "vaccines and biological products". Therefore, it is necessary to identify and develop specific indicators in this area.

In the last four decades, the commercialization of scientific research has ‎become a common discourse in the world science and technology ‎management. In Iran, too, the proponents and opponents of this discourse ‎have been debating in terms of theory and operation for nearly a decade. It ‎seems that a trans-temporal and trans-spatial view of science and its ‎commercialization has dominated this discourse. This paper shows that the ‎commercialization of scientific research is a context-based phenomenon. This ‎phenomenon has taken place over a hundred years of evolution in the ‎organization of science in the United States and the world. From this, we ‎conclude that the appropriate theoretical framework for entering the discourse ‎of commercialization, and also analysis of the situation in Iran, should pay ‎attention to the Time-Location dependent of that. In this regard, we propose a ‎suitable conceptual framework for analyzing the situation in Iran. The method ‎used in this paper is the theoretical-philosophical analysis. Finally, to the ‎extent that the available documents and information allow, we will assess the ‎context conditions for the commercialization of scientific research in Iran.‎

The purpose of this research is to identify key factors in the development of defense industries and universities. The research method is descriptive - analytic and refer to valid databases and the use of library resources and cyberspace based on which to identify key factors affecting defensive industry and university. Based on the studies, four key factors: interaction architecture, knowledge, social and success factors as main factors as well as 19 sub factors affecting the relationship between defense industry and university were identified. The results showed that the only reliable way to increase defense capabilities is to adopt pre - emptive approach in dealing with environmental changes. Accordingly, industries should deal with pre - emptive action and with continuous scanning of environmental changes and new challenges and in interaction with the university on the amount of learning and their scientific and practical ability to deal with new paradigms and solutions that make suitable service possible.

Experience and studies conducted around the world show that in order to succeed in the process of management and development of today's cities with various problems and defects in physical, social, cultural and economic dimensions, it is necessary for citizens to have real and sustainable participation in urban affairs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a perceptual framework on the process of public participation in urban planning with a comparative approach to different countries to introduce the concept of real participation in order to achieve sustainable urban development. For this purpose, after presenting the concepts and models of participation and reviewing the case examples of participation in the world, the problems and obstacles of participation programs in Iran will be examined. The adopted research methodology is the review of the collection of information from selected books and other sources, being explored through descriptive and comparative-analytical methods. The results show that some developed countries in the world have been able to succeed in implementing real partnership projects and sustainable urban development by adopting policies and strategies such as education, transparency, trust in citizens, etc. But in contrast, in Iran this is with various problems such as; Mutual distrust between citizens and city managers, incompatibility of citizens' priorities with the proposed programs, inconsistency of executive institutions with each other, economic problems, lack of effective education, etc., which leads to the failure of executive plans and programs and also keeps them depended and relying on the center.

The present study aims to improve the ability of librarians to improve citizenship behavior in libraries by using moral intelligence and social capital. The research was descriptive-correlational and was performed by survey method. The research community consists of all librarians working in the public libraries of Markazi province in 2017, and the statistical sample of the research was randomly selected. Research

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection, which was done by survey method. The research community consists of all librarians working in the public libraries of Markazi province in 1397, and the statistical sample of the study was randomly selected. Data collection tools included the moral intelligence of Lenick and Kiel (2005), the citizenship behavior of Podsakoff, Mackenzie, and Boomer (1996) and the social capital of Nahapit and Gushal (1998). To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the method of determining the standard adequacy index of sampling and Bartlett test and to determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha and divergent validity were used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for natural data distribution, the Levine test for homogeneity of data variance, as well as multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling tests examined the effect of observed variables on possible variables. 

Research findings show that there is a significant relationship between librarians' moral intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and library social capital. Also, the results of the research model It indicated the necessary suitability and effectiveness and foresight of librarians' ethical intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and its role on the social capital of libraries.

The aim of this study is to investigate the situation and evaluate the structural and content features of the website of reputable publications of the Ministry of Education, in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and to improve the quality and quantity of publications and their compliance with the necessary standards.

The research method is survey-descriptive, with an evaluative and webometric approach. The statistical population of the present study is website 1060, the title of a valid journal of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, which has been registered in the integrated journal evaluation system until September 2020.

The findings indicate that more than 85% of the publications are in Persian and affiliated with government organizations. Physical characteristics are considered more than content characteristics and less attention is paid to the index of indexing in reputable professional and scientific databases that help to promote the international position of the country. Also, the announcement of the judging process, which is very important from the authors' point of view, has not been properly observed. Only 10% of the publications were ranked "A" in terms of scores, but on the other hand, more than 75% of the publications were ranked "B", which with principled policy and compliance by the relevant authorities, it is hoped that in the future To be ranked higher.

Blockchain is a fundamental technology; that has changed the digital world. The purpose of this articleis to provide an overview of the evolution of e-commerce in the blockchain era. This article usesreports on the development of smart contract applications in the e-commerce environment andprovides an overview of five applications including smart contracts in digital asset sales and capitalmarkets, smart contracts for supply chain management, and record-keeping, Smart for Governmentand E-Cities, Smart Contracts for Real Estate Registration, and Smart Contracts for EmpoweringIndependent Identity. Moreover, it explains how blockchain has transformed the e-commerceenvironment by playing a role in smart contracts.This article examines the issue with a descriptive-analytical approach. Studies have shown thatblockchain is a distributed, decentralized and anti-invasive digital recording of transactions(distributed general ledger) that gives contracts high credibility, trust and security features. This haschanged the world of e-commerce contracts, transactions and their storage. Thus, blockchaincredibility and trust protocols have restored some of the social contract features that were lost with theadvent of the Internet to online commerce. Smart blockchain-enabled contracts provide more securityand trust for online transactions than they have for the e-commerce environment over the past 20years. Emerging applications of smart contracts in the e-commerce environment are subject tocompletely different legal regimes.