فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 41، زمستان 1399)

Future projection of climate change is a great importance in order to be aware of the extent of change and to provide the necessary solutions to adapt to the new conditions. Therefore, in this research, the perspective of temperature and precipitation changes in selected synoptic stations in the west of the country was studied. For this purpose, was used the CanESM2 model data under RCP scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and SDSM statistical downscaling model. Its monthly and long-term changes were made in two different periods (2046-2065 and 2080- 2099) was compared with the base period (1961-2005). To ensure calibration and validation of the SDSM model, we used MAE, MSE, RMSE, R2 indexes and comparison charts. The results index that this model is suitable for the study area. The results of the model's perspective also showed that during the period of 2046-2065 precipitation in most stations (except for Sarpul Zahab) and more months of the year than the base period decreases. However, during the period (2080-2099) at all stations, precipitation will decrease compared to the base period. In terms of minimum and maximum temperatures, in all periods and in each period, the temperature will increase compared to the base period. Based on the long-term average, expected the precipitation is decrease by 6% and the minimum and maximum temperatures increase respectively 2 and 1.9 Celsius

An in-depth look at historicization requires an interdisciplinary approach to urban planning, conservation and architecture. The common chapter between these three fields of study is the need to harmonize the new structure with the old one. This also requires consideration of the two concepts of "cohesion" and "continuity" despite the change in different dimensions of the historical context by interpolation, in the shadow of which a link can be established between the new context and the building of harmony. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the impact of changes in the physical and non-physical dimensions of the historical context after the intermediates on their evaluation of qualitative components by examining the audience evaluation of two intermediates in Tabriz historical market. Accordingly, by deductive logic, a library study, research model and questionnaire were formulated and 175 field questionnaires were completed for each of the two sets of constitutional and proprietary. The obtained data show that audience evaluation of the impact of historical texture continuity and cohesion on different dimensions after interphase will vary depending on the characteristics of the intermediate building and it is not possible to formulate a model that has been prioritized and discussed in previous studies

Today, the issue of refugees in the world is becoming more and more important, and it is important to protect their rights, including in countries whose political-geographical division is a state or province of relative autonomy and independence. Each state has its own rules and regulations regarding refugees and their admission.The aim of this study was to analyze the protection of refugee rights in the local government of the state of California. According to the present study, the issue of refugees is officially covered in international documents after World War II and the establishment of the United Nations. Under the Convention, States Parties do not have the right to deport, reinstate or reinstate asylum seekers, and to recognize the right to citizenship and the right to freedom of movement for refugees. The Convention recognizes other rights in the field of employment, the right to a trial, education and social security.Under U.S. law, the United States has a duty to ensure that the rights of all refugees, both legal and illegal, are equal, including personal rights, liberty, human rights, and at least adequate legal guarantees. And non-discrimination and protection of private and family life. In this regard, the local government of California has provided a variety of rights and legal protections for refugees and their children, the most important of which are in the areas of public health, education, and employment.

The rapid population growth and urbanization in the metropolis of Tehran in recent decades has led to an increase in resource consumption and the spread of pollution. Continuation of this process can upset the economic and social balance within it and cause ecological imbalance in the urban area in which it is located. This is exactly contrary to the principles of sustainable development for the city of Tehran and its environment. The study area in this study is the 13th metropolitan area of Tehran, which is located in the east of Tehran with an area of about 1283 hectares and from this area is about 930 hectares to the urban fabric and the rest of the military lands, industries, sanctuaries, etc. Also, Sorkheh Hesar forest park with an area of about 394 hectares is located outside the legal limits and on the outskirts of the region, which is one of its prominent features to become a green city. On the other hand, the location of this region on the eastern outskirts of Tehran and the existence of a large military and industrial use can be major obstacles to urban stability and the formation of a green city. Based on this, the present study tries to assess the existing spatial-physical structure of Region 13 in the framework of green city indicators and to evaluate and analyze the capacities and challenges of green city formation in its areas

Having different infrastructure services and social and economic facilities is one of the most important development indicators in each planning unit especially in rural areas. To succeed in planning and achieving development, the first step is to examine the real level of regional capability, limitations, and imbalances. The present research is descriptive and analytical. The aim of this study was to measure the level of development of rural areas of Timal Dashe sector and their ranking in terms of the level of facilities and facilities. The statistical population of the study consisted of 4 Ojun districts East, Sahandabad, Abbas, East and West. For collecting required data, two methods of library and field have been used. To analyze the research data and determine the level of development, 27 variables have been used in different economic, social and physical indicators in the rural area. In order to analyze rural development inequalities, the coefficient of variation (CV) has been used. . The results of the research show that the levels of the rural districts are different and according to the general coefficient of utilization, the most suitable rural district (East Azarbaijan) is about 1.34 times the most deprived rural district (Eastern Abbas). Differences in the levels of physical and social contexts are more than economic. Research findings also show that the rural areas of this sector still have a long way to achieve a balanced, integrated and sustainable development.

Informal settlements reflect the shortcomings and deficiencies of government policies and official markets that endanger the environment and impose additional costs to solve problems. The most important problems in marginal areas are the poor quality of urban living in these neighborhoods. And is an effective component in improving the quality of life of the social component Which encompasses the psychological, emotional and social needs of citizens such as the need for security, tranquility, beauty, social belonging, happiness, etc. These settlements are the 4th district of the city of Karaj. Except for areas that have many problems regarding the quality of life of residents. The current research presents a pattern of overlapping of some characteristics of social resilience with informal settlements to improve the quality of life in informal settlements by descriptive-analytical method using library documents Field information (questionnaire and interview). In order to investigate the effect of social resiliency components on the area of 4th district of Karaj, as a critical area in informal settlements, after collecting the questionnaires, the results were analyzed using SPSS software SMAR PLS. Results showed that the components of participation were directly effective , Education, security, justice, flexibility, interactions in social resilience in the neighborhood of line 4 of the fence of Karaj, and the proposed model is approved as a new model according to the results of the tests carried out.

In the period of urban inflation and the downturn of urban disruption, we are witnessing the confrontation of two complex systems of the earth: biosphere (land, sea and atmosphere) and technology of the earth (cities, industry, trade and government). On the one hand, today is faster than any other time of year and undergoes widespread developments. This widespread transformation, following a nonlinear process, creates many complexities and uncertainties that make it difficult to deal with. In such circumstances, we have found that urban planners and policymakers lack an efficient future-oriented approach that enables them to make imminent changes, prepare effectively for subsequent consequences, and address Overcome the intricate and confused intricacies. One of the most important reasons for this is the inefficiency of cognitive tools in current and current decision-making and planning. In many cases, a lack of understanding of the conditions and causes of phenomena as well as the adherence of the planning process to the stereotypical process can lead to numerous problems in the target planning community and failure to realize the plans. The causal layered analysis method is one of the most important and effective methods in the field of futures studies that seeks to combine and integrate empirical, interpretive, critical, and intra-operative perspectives. It offered a much deeper look into the causes of complex issues in the chaotic urban environment, and then made realistic decisions.

Rural development requires special attention to human resources and villagers as important human resources in the agricultural sector are the main actors in rural development.Social capital can be identified through its functions such as trust, tolerance, cooperation, group solidarity, compassion, compassion, self-sacrifice, kindness and friendship.Sustainable development creates a normal standard of living by creating favorable conditions in the fields of food, health, employment, education and leisure. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable urban development, which aims to improve the social, economic and cultural status of community members, the formation and strengthening of social capital is of particular importance. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of social capital on the sustainable development of the studied urban neighborhoods in the villages of Garmsar city and areas of influence. The main question of the article is whether the components of social capital are effective in the formation of sustainable neighborhood development at the neighborhood level of the study area? The method of this article is descriptive analysis. The results of the article show that there is a significant relationship between residents' social capital and neighborhood sustainability. This capital is more effective in the sustainable social and economic development of the neighborhood than in improving the physical environment of the neighborhood. In addition, in confirming the results of previous research, a positive and acceptable relationship has been identified between the mental components of social capital and all components of local sustainability

The impact of tourism on the economic and social development of different societies has led to today's tourism being regarded as a super industry. However, due to the problems and inadequacies of the modern lifestyle, rural areas have a higher priority for tourists for tourism purposes, which can fulfill the areas of entrepreneurship development in the rural areas. In this research, using scientific methods, questionnaire tools have been identified, factors and areas of entrepreneurship development in the field of rural tourism have been identified. Accordingly, the results obtained through T-test in tourist group indicate inappropriate attributes Available in sociology-cultural, environmental and physical areas, while experts say these capacities also indicate that the Anova test indicates that (to some extent) tourists and locals have (to some extent) entrepreneurial capacities in the fields. There are no social, cultural, environmental and physical issues at city level Experts do not approve of.

In this paper, the production schedule of workshop work in the conditions where the operations have probable times has been studied. A mathematical model with a solution procedure has been proposed to determine the scheduling of workshop production systems with the aim of eliminating these weaknesses and considering possible production conditions as well as reducing multiple production costs. To obtain a suitable answer in a justifiable time, an integrated solution procedure based on the neural network model to generate the initial justified answer and the Annealing Simulated algorithm to improve the performance and quality of the initial answer and to create the optimal / near-optimal solution are presented. To evaluate this method, several different workshop production scheduling problems have been solved and the obtained answers have been compared with Lingo software as a low limit. The computational results of the two methods show the proper performance of the proposed algorithm under conditions where the value of input parameters increases or in other words is a big problem. In order to increase the flexibility in applying the above algorithm in real industry conditions, probabilistic numbers based on three normal / uniform distributions and exponential of processing time are generated randomly. At the same time, the above model is programmed by lingo6 software. Finally, the comparison of the results obtained by solving the sample examples shows effective improvements in the answers obtained from the innovative method

Due to the technological, cultural, political, social and economic infrastructures created in the 21st century, the phenomenon of tourism will be an inevitable fact in human behavior and action to satisfy the spirit of curiosity. Travel to other places has become a necessity of life in the 21st century. In the meantime, tourism is sometimes done for Muslims with less facilities and there are problems in this regard for them. As a result, there are restrictions on Muslim tourists in terms of food or entertainment. Most Muslim tourists usually check their destination and facilities before booking a hotel or plane ticket. Especially Muslims who need to observe certain limits and customs. "Halal tourism" is an issue that is raised in this regard. The present study is conducted with a mixed research approach and the statistical population is the experts active in the field of tourism. The number of statistical samples in the qualitative stage is determined to conduct interviews with 12 people, and in the quantitative stage, 107 activists and those involved in the field of tourism are selected. In the qualitative dimension, the theme analysis approach is used, and in the quantitative dimension, the Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis are used to validate the model. Finally, after determining the categories, the general classes of halal tourism development model are identified in the form of 3 sections: halal tourism development requirements, tourism perception and sustainable development

Certainly what the Quran says, God's Word by Amin Jibril on the Seal of the Prophets (PBUH) to human eternal guide, then have the book in all areas of human life, including aspects political, social, moral and how wisdom and statecraft, etc. general guidelines given situations. since the Quran for human society and the environment that Muslims worship the Lord their growth and development and is of great importance, in this study, we decided to urban management analyzed from the perspective of Islam's founder in this study the characteristics of the ideal city, a sustainable security, peace and confidence, a lot of sustenance, and ... And material characteristics such as roads and passages, environmental justice, location, etc. will be examined and we will conclude that he Holy Law of Islam for city administration as well as other social needs, human societies have sent orders and rules if these teachings are taken into account, the earthly saint of the human species will be guaranteed, the most important emphasis of the sacred Islamic law in this field are: security of citizens assuredly abundant voodoo in the context of the research, in addition to these, related verdicts and doctrines have also been evaluated. In this study, in addition to field research, the library method is used

The need for geographical proximity for entrepreneurial marketing in start-ups in the classical and modern economy has been emphasized. Classical economics focuses solely on centralized industries and corporations, as well as reducing costs and purely scale, and modern economics with an emphasis on the benefits of other corporate magazines such as knowledge overflows, the need for media design and other tools for coexistence. Use them. In a geographical proximity structure, teams, technology cores, start-ups and industrial companies are located side by side. Start-ups and innovators in these structures, affecting the shared infrastructure by reducing overlap synergy. Knowledge and technology benefit. In this paper, the beginning of geographical mechanics in innovative start-up companies is expressed from the perspective of various theories and then the text is influenced and based on the license of geographical mechanics, including distributor, entrepreneurial retrieval in start-ups and innovative companies. , Proportional to the life span of companies, has been reviewed and compared

Changes will have a widespread impact on society and its structure. In recent years, in urban architecture and urban development, there have been adverse climatic influences due to the lack of respect for the principles and architectural rules consistent with the climate and the profitability of architecture, in consideration of other important factors in structures such as building rehabilitation against earthquakes and necessity And the importance of implementing structures with climatic elements and climates; with the aim of presenting a climate plan that, in all climates, buildings constructed in accordance with the principles of engineering and climate design, and minimize the need for heating and mechanical furnish. In the country of Iran, especially the Mianeh city were taken to be economically feasible, with a climate-compatible architectural design; structures that create comfort, hence the use of synoptic analyzes through Mahan's tables, the resulting cosine law It was planned that the building should be constructed to the north and south, and the windows should be selected on average. Heavy walls and walls. Our delay is more than 8 hours. For better ventilation, rectangular residential houses should be constructed. The main axis of the building generally is perpendicular to the wind, because the wind dominates in the northwest direction the fact that the amount of radiation in the summer increases and the winter in different directions of the wall is decreasing

Landfill site selection is a critical issue in the urban planning process because of its enormous impact on the economy, ecology, and the environmental health of the region. Landfill site selection process aims to locate the areas that will minimize hazards to the environment and public health. Multi-criteria evaluation methods are often used for different site selection studies. The purpose of this study was to determine suitable landfill site selection by using the geographical information system and the analytic hierarchy process in the study area. The final index model was grouped into four categories as ‘‘unsuitable’’, ‘‘low suitable’’,‘‘ suitable’’ and ‘‘best suitable’’ with an equal interval classification method. As a result, 66.6 % of the study area is not suitable for a landfilling, 29.7 % was low suitable,2.5 % was suitable, and 1.2 % was the best suitable for landfilling; 50.72 % of the study area is not suitable for a landfilling

Urban development is one of the most important issues facing urban researchers due to population growth in urban areas. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyze the changes in physical growth in Yazd city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and uses Landsat satellite imagery to study the growth and physical development of the studied area during the period between 1973 and 2016.The results showed that the city of Yazd began to expand in 1998 with growth of 63 per cent compared to the previous decade. This period coincided with the increase in population and urban expansion of services and were industries in the region in a way that attracts immigrants from other parts of the city. The first city to expand to the West and South-West and then along the communication route to the southeast, and finally the South. The most important limiting factors for growth of the city on the north side of sand dunes in the West and South-West there are some applications, such as industrial centers and factories and the airport, on the south side of the mountain and universities and in the South East and East there were agricultural land. At the moment, due to limiting factors in developing city in all directions vertical growth of the city is the best option

In recent years, the diverse functions of rural tourism in order to advance the goals of sustainable rural development have attracted much attention. Therefore, understanding the effects of rural tourism on various indicators of sustainable rural development can be useful in achieving the goals of rural development projects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tourism development on social, cultural, economic, physical and environmental indicators of villages in Chahar Farizeh rural area of Bandar Anzali city. Moro information needed for research is obtained through documentary sources and field studies. The statistical population includes the villagers of Chahar Farizeh village. According to Cochran's formula, 373 residents of selected villages were selected by random sampling method to complete the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha test of 0.895 was used for reliability of the questionnaire and multivariate regression, variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Findings showed that the development of rural tourism had a positive effect on economic, socio-cultural and physical indicators of the villages in the study area, but its effect on the environment was negative. The results of regression test showed the effect of tourism development on all studied variables. Also, the results of intra - group and inter - group variance test showed that there is no significant difference between villages in terms of environmental factor, but in relation to the other three factors, there is a significant difference between Villages were observed

The purpose of this study was to design and explain a good governance model for the general public libraries departments of the country using a integrated approach. The results of Delphi technique based on confirmatory factor analysis as a good governance model consisted of two dimensions, 9 components and 28 indicators: Political Dimension (Including 5 Components and 14 Indicators): Accountability and Transparency Component (Including 3 Indicators), Social Justice Component (Including 3 Indicators), Ethical Law Component Component (Including 4 Indicators), Participatory Component (Including 2 Indicators) and Corruption Component (Including 2 Indicators). Includes 2 indicators). Managerial Dimension (4 components and 14 indicators): Interactive justice component (including 4 indicators), Efficiency and empowerment component (including 5 indicators), Creative development component (including 2 indicators) and Professional Virtual Networks component (including 3 indicators). According to experts, Creative rules was as the top priority and social justice was as the least priority component of the political dimension. Also, creative development was as the top priority and professional virtual networks was as the least priority component of good governance in public libraries in the country. This is an applied-developmental research that identifies basic indicators by analyzing documents and interviews

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of 4 and 6 health and educational indicators in 8 coastal areas located in the cities of Astara, Talesh and Rezvanshahr in western Guilan, the data of the indicators were extracted from the statistical yearbook of population and housing in 2006, 2011 and 2018. Then, using the Rural Development Index (RDI) and the Combined Result Index (CRI), the level of development of the sectors in the form of four degrees D, C, B and A, indicate poor, average, good and excellent conditions, respectively, was determined. Also, using the global I Moran and the local I Moran index, first the significance of cluster, scattered and random patterns of each index is determined and then the type of proximity of the indices in four modes of high-high (HH), low-low ( LL), up-down (HL) and down-up (LH) were determined. The results showed that the RDI of some indicators changed spatially, but there was no significant change in temporally. But the results of the Combined Index (CRI), which is the result of both education and health, were different. The results of two educational and health indicators (combined index) showed that the level of development of most sectors is in the D rank and rarely C and B. there was a high-low cluster (HL) mode in CRI have been no significant changes in the educational and health indicators in the three periods, and there has even been a decrease in some indicators

Ecotourism entrepreneurship is one of the most important economic activities that are expanding and being attention by the world. In rural areas, this issue is more important because due to the recession in the agricultural sector and the problems facing rural communities, the alternative solution for policymakers is the development of rural businesses and taking advantage of ecotourism opportunities can rebuild the rural economy and social welfare. The purpose of this study is to design an ecotourism entrepreneurship development model with the approach of social welfare of tourism target villages, which was done by mixed exploratory method. In the first stage, using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and polling of key experts and key informants, the concepts were extracted and using the grounded theory method in three steps of open, axial and selective coding and using NVivo model software, a conceptual model was designed. In the second stage, the relationships between components and dimensions were investigated and tested using the structural equation modeling method using Smart-PLS software. The statistical population of this section was managers, entrepreneurs and experts in the field of ecotourism. The number of statistical samples using Krejcie Morgan table was estimated to be 248 people. Sampling at this stage was done by simple random method. The results show that there are positive and significant causal relationships between individual, marketing, economic, cultural, environmental and supportive factors with the development of ecotourism entrepreneurship. Finally, suggestions based on the research results were presented

Good Urban Governance Is Necessarily Based on The Political Activism of Citizens, Which in Fact Results in Empowerment. The Citizenship System in The Urban and Political System of The Country Has Not Grown Much for Various Reasons, Including Cultural-Political and Even Geographical Centralism. Achieving Both Levels of Citizenship, As Stated in Marshall Citizenship Theory, Requires Both Political Activism and Empowerment. This Article Addresses This Issue. The Research Method of The Article Is Explanatory and It Is Hoped That It Has Added to The Richness of Urban Geography Knowledge Literature. The Results of This Article Indicate That Good Governance Is Based on Asset-Based Urban Policy, Which Carries Both Empowerment and Emphasizes the Process of Political Activism of Citizens and Civil Society. The Results of This Article Indicate That Good Governance Is Based on Asset-Based Urban Policy, Which Carries Both Empowerment and Emphasizes the Process of Political Activism of Citizens and Civil Society.

Today, Paying Attention to The Concept of Citizen Security and Its Promotion Methods Has Become One of The Basic Priorities of Urban Professionals and Theorists. Apart from The Social and Cultural Effects of Planning and Designing Safe Urban Environments on Patterns of Citizenship Behavior and Improving the Environmental Quality of Residential Areas, Explaining the Characteristics and Effects on The Physical Role of The City on Reducing Urban Crime or Reducing Crime, It Is Important to Mention It in The Form of New Theories of Urban Planning. Therefore, Paying Attention to The Physical Role of The City (Urban Planning and Design) Is Essential in Reducing and Preventing Urban Crimes, And the Concepts, Principles, Paradigms and Strategies Related to It Should Be Mentioned. This Is Important Because in Today's Urban Space Design Processes, Less Attention Is Paid to The Potential of Urban Areas and Buildings in Reducing or Preventing Crime. The Present Approach Can Be Considered as An Efficient and Optimal Design of The Artificial Environment in Reducing Urban Crimes, Which Has A Great Impact on Improving the Quality of Life and Increasing Citizen Satisfaction. The Purpose of The Present Paper Is to Investigate and Analyze the Concepts and Principles Related to The Approach of Securing and Designing Defenseless Urban Spaces and Its Role in Reducing the Occurrence of Urban Crimes. The Research Method of The Article Is Descriptive-Analytical. With the Method of Inferential Analysis, The Data Extracted from The Questionnaire Were Presented Using Spss.22 And Smartpls2.0.0.3 Statistical Software. Finally, Using the Results and Using the Structural Equation Model, Prioritizing the Effectiveness of Various Components in Securing and Designing Defenseless Urban Spaces and Its Role in Reducing the Occurrence of Urban Crimes and Analyzing the Correlation Between Criteria.

Achieving democracy in Iraq, especially in the Kurdistan region, faces many socio-cultural, economic and political-security challenges which have become an obstacle in the way of democratization. The present article tries to address the question that what are the challenges to achieving democracy in Iraq with a focus on the Kurdish region, and how have they become an obstacle to democratization? In the initial response, it can be acknowledged that "Iraq, and the Kurdistan Region in particular, from 2003 to 2019, a range of challenges on the path to democracy, such as violence against minorities, the emergence of Islamic radicalism, the defeat of nationalism, the crisis of rentierism, and divisions within national elites." And also faced foreign intervention. The findings of the article also confirm the validity of these components along with issues such as an unjust judiciary and unbalanced economic development as obstacles to the realization of democracy in this country. This research uses a combined quantitative and qualitative method in a single study to simultaneously interpret the main question by examining the trends, dimensions and committees. The method of data collection is documentary and from library sources and valid documents and statistics; In addition, this article uses Kurdish sources with a multi-causal approach instead of a single-causal approach. To provide a deeper understanding of the situation of the challenge of non-democracy in Iraq with a focus on climate

Villages, due to their important role in the production and employment system of the country, as well as due to the settlement of a significant volume of population, which have an important role in the development of regions; The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the development of villages using AHP model in Pesikhan rural district of central Rasht city. The method of collecting information is field and library and the research method is descriptive-analytical that the statistics and information available in the culture of settlements have been used during statistical courses. According to the results of Klash village, Talshan and Atashgah are relatively developed villages and other rural areas are underdeveloped rural villages, although the studies of this study show that there are many capabilities in rural villages to achieve rural development; However, in the current situation of rural settlements in Rasht, there is an imbalance in the level of development and the development of villages in this city is facing serious challenges and obstacles. This indicates that the rural settlements of Rasht city have suffered from imbalance and imbalance in the level of development, which is suggested to be provided with services with the help of rural villages and councils if possible. Utilizing the tourism potentials of the villages can help to provide services and enjoy the villages so that the villages can become developed villages

Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to illuminate the effect of city-development plans, as the most fundamental city-shaping instrument, on the realization of a city brand based on the citizens’ perceptions and mental preferences. Then, it develops a structural equation model after recognizing the effective components through employing an exploratory research design. For this reason, 5 criteria, 8 sub-criteria, and 14 indices were investigated, and their relevant data were collected. Birjand was chosen as the research field and a statistical sample was chosen at descriptive statistics using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Accordingly, 19 subjects were selected from urban experts, and 383 citizens were chosen at the quantitative step using simple random sampling. The research model indicated that urban development plans had the highest positive effects on the vitality and migration regarding urban branding plans. According to the correlation between components, the highest relationship was between migration and vitality (0.87), marketing, and vitality (0.849), and the lowest relationship was associated with the mutual effect between marketing and environmental equity (0.633). Moreover, the findings of the interviews revealed that the efforts towards improving the improper, dispersed, and, sometimes, city-reality incongruent media images, attracting the mental and executive participation of the residents of old textures, empowering the residents, managing the presence of Afghan immigrants, and, at the same time, exploiting city multiculturalism evolved due to their attendance could help with the realization of a city brand

Sport is a universal phenomenon and with its expansion, people and various strata of a society benefit from its benefits, so to maintain health and physical and mental growth, giving importance to sports has a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing the standard of living of citizens. Iranian architecture has a high status in the history of Iran and from the past to the present have had different characteristics that distinguish it from other styles and contexts of buildings. These components include scientific geometry and innovative arts derived from a person's spiritual thoughts. According to the types of basic, theoretical, applied and scientific research, the present research is applied in terms of purpose. There will be a library and a field that will eventually lead to design

Today's cities are experiencing significant cultural changes that stem from many factors. One of them is city form (city physical aspects) that impact on people behavior and then they form their culture. In fact, the structure and appearance of today's cities are markedly different from Iranian past culture that this difference, in some cases, has had a clear impact on cultural issues. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the shape of the city influences culture over time. Culture consists of two parts: material culture and spiritual one. If we consider material things such as lifestyle, communication and intimacy, customs and generally people's activities that are tangible and visible, as material culture, the spiritual culture (studied in this research) consists of 4 factors: beliefs, norms, values and language. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods of documentary, field and survey (using questionnaire). Independent variables are city form elements such as paths, nodes, edges, landmarks and districts and dependent variables are the culture elements i.e.: beliefs, norms, values and language. This article is mainly written with a pathological approach to culture. By comparing time-consuming urban behaviors with people queries (residents of District 8 of Tehran) this was achieved that many beliefs, behaviors and vocabulary have been influenced by the city form over time. Based on field findings and interviews with urban planning experts. Finally, it was concluded that language, norms, values, and beliefs are influenced by the city form, respectively

Inefficient land-use locating, traditional transportation patterns, applying new urban planning patterns without considering theoretical basis of climate condition are the main reasons of climate change phenomenon. These factors include an important part of built-environment. Hence, redefining the principles of urban planning in the direction of climate change on one hand can lead to a sustainable environment and on the other hand, it decreases the dire effects on climate change. The goal of this research is identification of double-sided relationship between urban designing structure and climate change phenomenon in a cyclic process. We used an interpretation approach in this fundamental research which has a qualitative content analysis technique. Achievements of this research are redefining of urban design structures and climate change confirming human-built environment, presenting an urban planning and design frame based on decreasing negative consequences of climate change and conceptual modeling of urban design interaction (procedural and substantive dimensions) and climate change in a coherent

Parks and urban green spaces are one of the most important urban utilities,whose distribution status is very important in urban areas.The 6th Zone of Ahvaz is not well positioned due tothe distribution of urban green space.Therefore,achieving the appropriate areas for creating green space in this area is the main objective of this research.To achieve this goal,a multicriteria evaluation method wasusedintheGISenvironment.For this method,firstly,effective measures were taken to determine the urban green space using the Delphi method,which includes criteria of residential centers,educationalcenters,communication network,available green space,cultural centers,population density,industrial centers and sports centers.In the next step,In the next step from the land use map of Ahvaz city the layers of the criteria wereextracted and evaluated.TheAHP method was also used to weighting the layers, and finally,by overlaying the weighted layers using the overlapping method the final maps wasprepared.Accordingtotheresults,from the totalareaofthisregionthe64764hectares(47.53%),which is suitable for creating the urban green space, which is concentrated in the north to the west of theregion, and from all zones,the good zones has the largest area(30.88%).The results indicate that the green space of 6th Zone of Ahvaz has good distribution according to the site selection criteria and, on the other hand, the suitable lands for creating green space are in high proportion to the land use map in the 6th zone of Ahvaz,It is suggested that in order to achieve the betterresult,acomprehensiveoverviewofthepreparation and implementation ofcomprehensive plans regarding the location of the green spacesof Ahvaz cityand the attention of urban managers tothe potential and available limits in the region to provide better services

The main purpose of this article is to examine the requirements of a political economy perspective to resolve the geopolitical crises in the Middle East. The main question of the article is what role do the components of political economy play in the conflicts in the Middle East? The method of this article is qualitative. The method of data collection is library and research data will be explained using descriptive-analytical method. The results of the paper show that geoeconomic components in the conflicts in the Middle East region have a secondary role to create convergence and on the other hand play a major role in creating conflict. The rise of nationalist ideologies such as Pan-Arabism, Pan-Turkism, and Pan-Iranianism, and the conspiracies of foreigners and profiteers to divide the various Islamic religions, the weakness of leaders in governing society, and the existence of some authoritarian regimes, have made the region a hotbed of change. And the tensions in the world today have. Also, the crisis of legitimacy in the Arab countries and the wave of awakening under the influence of democracy, political and religious conflicts within the region, social unrest and political instability due to the liberation movements are other vulnerable factors in the region. All these factors go hand in hand to make the Arab countries of the region the weakest and, in spite of the vast oil resources, the most dependent nation of the countries in the region due to the wrong political measures

The main purpose of this study is to explain the geopolitical rivalries of regional and supra-regional powers in Iraq and its impact on national security. The main question of the present study is what were the challenges of Iran's national security in Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003-2019? The research method is mixed in terms of type (two qualitative and quantitative phases). The quality part is based on multi-stage coding. A small part will be applied in terms of descriptive survey type in terms of purpose. The statistical community will include experts and thinkers active in the field of political science and international relations. A statistical sample of 371 political science professors and students of political science and international relations will be selected by simple random sampling. Research tools include interview methods (transcripts), Delphi method and questionnaire. For the validity of the research tool, experts in political science and international relations will first be consulted to evaluate the content and form. The reliability of the questionnaire will be evaluated through Cronbach's alpha in the preliminary stage (guide study) and final. Finally, the structure of the questionnaire and the structure of the research will be factor analysis

After the collapse of the Ba'athist regime in Iraq, the country entered a period in which the most important feature is the rise to power of new domestic actors in the political structure. Due to the changes that have taken place in Iraq since 2003, the Shiites, who have been in a position of weakness throughout Iraq's history, have been able to exert significant influence on the structure of the Iraqi government. The main purpose of this study is to examine the trend of participation of Iraqi Shiites in the structure of political power in Iraq since 2003 and its impact on the influence of Iran's regions. The main question of the dissertation is what is the participation of Iraqi Shiites in the structure of political power in Iraq since 2003 and how important is its impact on the influence of Iran's regions? This article has been written by descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources. The results of the article show that the structure of political power in Iraq after 2003 has provided the ground for the activism of the Iraqi Shiites along with other groups. The Iraqi Shiites will be one of the most influential political groups in the Iraqi political arena. The cultural and religious bond of the Shiites of Iran and Iraq can facilitate the soft tools of Iran's regional influence

Today, territorial borders are one of the most important national and international issues. Ensuring national security is one of the priorities of governments in national and regional policy, which is always tried to be formulated; Identify threats, challenges and opportunities as well as the impact of different geographical locations on it. The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the national security threats in the border areas in the provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah. The main question of the article is what are the threats to Iran's national security in the border areas of Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces? Due to the sensitivity of security on the western borders of the country and the importance of the issue, so far few studies have been conducted on this issue in the provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah. . Iran is a country that has similar geopolitical, geoeconomic and geocultural positions in coexistence with neighboring countries. The results of the article show that the most important threats to Iran's national security in the border areas of Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces are: defense threats, political threats, social threats, economic threats, security threats

Developing and creating suitable and unobstructed environments for all communities of society with different physical, motor, mental and mental capacities is an essential step and promotes the quality of life in any society, especially in our country. Appropriate urban sprawl is one of the most importantapproaches to justice in contemporary urban planning and management. The purpose of this research is to analyze the quantitative and qualitative effect of disable persons presence on Ayatollah Khomeini Boulevard in the old city of Hashtgerd, which is a large and diverse street with high traffic flow. From the point of view of appropriateness and providing strategies based on cognition Strengths and weaknesses along with the limitations and opportunities in the study area and prioritizing existing problems based on standards and potential. The methodology of this research from the perspective of the purpose is practical and from the perspective of the research framework is a descriptive-analytical survey carried out in a survey method. Questionnaires were used for qualitative evaluation. According to the output of SPSS, coefficient of 0.8 showed validity and validity of the questionnaire. The findings indicate that at the moment, the highest level of satisfaction is with the parks' spaces, and the lowest is for public spaces

The results show that among the dimensions studied the status of services and urban infrastructure are at the optimal level, the state of the urban economy at an unfavorable level, urban management status at the optimal level, urban history at an moderate level, Urban environment at an moderate level, urban community at a slightly unfavorable level, then, Zahedan's livability status is at an moderate level. Also, the results of inferring the status of the indices studied in determining the urban livability of each of the 5 study areas in Zahedan shows that The final non FUZZY value as the output of the fuzzy inference system in MATLAB software for area 5 is 0.81, that it describes the high level of urban livability according to the studied indicators. For area 4 it is equal to 0.79, which shows a high level of urban livability. For area 1 it is equal to 0.51 that represents the average level. For area 2, it is equal to 0.41 which shows a low level and for area 3 it is 0.38, which shows a very low livability level. Among these indicators after determining membership function and normalization of data, according to the order of the indices studied and their status in each of the Zahedan towns, the importance of the spectrum is received in regions 5, 4, 1, 2, 3, respectively. Which we can see most of the physical development in Region 5 and the lowest in Region 3.

The scientific definition of geopolitics can be explained in the form of a combined concept in which the three main elements of geography, power and politics are inherent. The Oman Sea region is one of the regions with a geopolitical position that plays a very important role in the military and economic equations of the world. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the geopolitical rivalries of regional and international powers on the shores of the Oman Sea and its effect on Iran's development. The main question of the article is what are the most important regional and trans-regional competitors on the shores of the Oman Sea and what effect will these competitions have on Iran's development? The method of this article is qualitative and the required data of the article have been collected by the library method. The method of data analysis is also descriptive-explanatory. The results of the article show that the Oman Sea region due to its proximity to the Makran region and the Persian Gulf, as well as the Strait of Hormuz and of course having cultural geopolitical components has been the arena of competition between regional and global powers and has secured the development of regional countries

One of the most important current challenges of cities is the issue of privacy management and protection, so that the unregulated growth and formation of these urban backgrounds are confusing and the center of many problems, and significant heterogeneity and instability of privacy zones with urban areas are noticeable. Tehran Region Ⅳ municipal privacy has faced major challenges in the sustainable development system over the past decades. To achieve sustainable development. The present research in terms of the type of research (quantitative and qualitative) with reference to the study area (research environment) is a quantitative, survey and positivist type and also in terms of purpose, applied research, development and based on the nature and method The work is a comparative and analytical research and the technique of collecting information in the form of documentary (library) information. The results of this adaptation led to the output and findings of two main approaches in urban planning, a: "Green Belt", the main strategies of European countries, and b: "Scope of transboundary power", the main strategies of the United States of America, and finally citing the findings. Research proposals provide general and macro-level proposals in relation to the privacy of all cities, as well as specific and micro-proposals in relation to the privacy of the municipality of District Ⅳ of Tehran to address existing challenges and achieve sustainable development

This study is based on a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) exploratory approach. In the first part, based on library studies and then specialized interviews, the indicators of business success were identified with a psychological approach. After the qualitative analysis stage, a questionnaire was distributed and data were collected from experts in the industrial towns of Semnan province, and the main and sub-components of success in business were extracted with a psychological approach. In the qualitative research method, theoretical and experimental experts including university professors and managers of Semnan Province Industrial Company included 10 experts who were selected by non-random snowball method and in the quantitative part, the statistical population is 325 people. The sample size was estimated to be 176 people using Krejcie and Morgan table, which were selected by simple random sampling. Data in the qualitative section were done by interview. ISM has been used, then in a small part, the partial least squares approach and Smart PLS software were used, and finally, the model of business success in Iran was designed according to the psychological and personality characteristics of entrepreneurs in the industrial sector of Semnan province

Determine potential suitable climate for agricultural production, introduction and prerequisite for land preparation and cultivation studies is regional. For crop growth and phonological stages of their development requires appropriate environmental conditions of air, water and soil are. This study to evaluate the climate and environment for the province and determine the saffron crops susceptible to these product areas by GIS software is. For this study data from 12 meteorological synoptic stations in the province at a statistical 20-year period (1987-2006) to an average monthly and daily data are used. The study by comparison with regression stations province city Torbat Areas of saffron-rich Khuzestan province in Iran similar climate and Torbat of precipitation and temperature were determined and other climatic conditions for the product has been evaluated saffron. For maps of climate and environment and to each of weighted parameters based on priority, the AHP model is used. This study shows the climate and favorable environment for plants such as saffron, rainfall, elevation, slope, sun and ice, northern and eastern province talented and suitable for cultivation of saffron are the product. Khuzestan province away from the northern and northeastern and unfavorable conditions for the cultivation of saffron is faced with constraints

The population growth of city of Shiraz in the area of Qasrodasht neighborhood in the contemporary period has led to the construction of extensive residential spaces and the destruction of the neighborhood view. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cultural values and the formation of the view of residential spaces in the Qasrodasht neighborhood of Shiraz. The statistical population of this study is Qasrodasht neighborhood of Shiraz. The sampling method is simply random. The type of research in the research is survey (field research) and the research method is the correlation between the variables. Path factor analysis model in LISREL software is to predict the relationship between independent, dependent and mediated variables including the cultural values, the view (man-made and natural elements) and perception. A questionnaire is researcher-made. And the validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been checked by the opinion of professors and Alpha Cronbach in SPSS software. And the questionnaire itself is filled with non-probabilistic sampling.The results are examined at two levels of descriptive statistics (duration of residence) and inferential statistics (correlation and significance level of the relationship). In the path analysis model, the relationship between independent variable (cultural values), dependent variable (View including man-made and natural view) and mediator (perception) have been approved. The dependent variable, natural elements, is more related to the cultural values and this indicates that natural elements have played a more important role in the quality of view

The purpose of this study is to identify and track the obstacles and implementation issues of programs in the field of urban management and the role and position of law in it.

In this research, the library or document method with tools, ie filing, has been used.

The picture of the current situation of the urban management system in Iran is a confused picture. Current affairs in countries are governed by their own set of laws, and laws and regulations act as executive tools for city managers. However, despite the expansion of cities and the consequent complication of urban issues and the expansion of the scope of duties of city managers, the law adopted in 1334 (with amendments) is still considered as the main law in the municipality of Tehran and this has caused many problems.

The study of legal sources and sources shows the inefficiency and obsolescence of urban management laws that the updating of these laws provides a way to organize some of the problems in this area. One of the measures that can be effective in correcting incorrect trends or improving the current situation is the pathology of the implementation of urban plans, and through this, ways can be suggested to prevent the escalation of problems and eradicate them.

The concept of urban life quality in the process of urban development is a missing link in all aspe cts of urban life. One of the solutions of decision makers and urban managers to develop citizens life quality is to use urban regeneration approach.The Region 15 with 7 areas has been selected as a case study to assess the residents quality of life in (social and cultural, economical, physical, environmental, managerial). Data were collected through a questionnaire method, and statistical analysis was performed through software (Spss and Pls).The statistical population is the citizens of study area., and was completed 384 questionnaires. Then all collected data were tested by path analysis, factor analysis, t-test single sample, and focal correlation. According to the research findings, the most impact of regeneration indices is the physical dimension with an average index of 3.11 and also, in lifes’ quality indices is the physical dimension with an average index of 2.90. In analyzing the effects of regeneration components on quality of life components, the most effect of regeneration with physical dimension consist components "access to services" with β = 0.44, and "buildings" with β = 0.25, and "access to urban highway and urban connections roads" with β = 0.17, ranked first to third, respectively. Therefore, only a number of development measures have been done in the physical part of this region, but it has not led to the improvement and promotion of citizens ‘life’ quality to the desired level, and this has caused dissatisfaction among residents.

Economic factors are among the factors that play an effective role in improving the quality of life and human health. Paying attention to these factors can be effective in reducing socio-economic injustices related to health as well as improving the dimensions of quality of life, improving economic structure and measuring The quality of rural life and the identification of its improving factors help policymakers and planners to increase the quality of life, many villages within the sphere of influence of metropolises and large cities regardless of the economic structure, which leads to Therefore, the purpose of this study is the role of urban development in the quality of life in the economic dimensions of the villages of the 22nd district of Tehran. 22 Tehran has been collected and using descriptive-analytical methodology, the survey has been studied in the field and with the opinion of the people by Kruskal-Wallis test, which according to Cochran's formula 352 households have been selected as the sample size 4 components and 19 items were examined in economic dimensions. The results obtained from field research and evaluation of the mentioned indicators, indicate that the villages of the 22nd district of Tehran in terms of problems such as informal economy and low income level. Satisfaction with quality of life in economic components There are many differences between these villages and the total quality of life in the study area is at an average level in economic dimensions.

the present study has strategically explained Iran's position in the new geopolitical structure of the Middle East and has used descriptive-analytical method and applied-developmental goal to analyze the research findings. The statistical population of the present study consists of all experts in the fields of military sciences and political geography, the sample size of which was estimated at 35 people. In order to analyze the research findings, binomial test and mean test in SPSS software were used. The results showed that reducing regional tensions and divergences and increasing political, cultural and religious influence will be among the most important strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the new geopolitical structure of the Middle East and expanding terrorist groups US influence on Iran's borders and the growing proximity of Israeli-Saudi relations are among the most important challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the new geopolitical structure of the Middle East.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental risk of air pollution in Tehran. The research is an applied research based on statistical data from 2007 to 2018. For comparative measurement and comparison of air pollutants in Tehran, air quality index and annual standards related to pollutants were used. The risk assessment method was the three-variable model of William Fine. The results showed that the average annual concentrations of two particulate pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) were higher than the standard in all years and the three pollutants of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide had a variable trend and ozone compared to the year of origin. , Has a better situation. On the other hand, the probability of air pollution risk in Tehran is relatively high and a score of 5 is recorded for it. Also; regarding the amount of exposure to indicator pollutants, a score of 6, which indicates several times a week and between 6 to 8 hours, and the rate of outcome has a score of 6. In general, it can be said that the environmental risk rating of air pollution in the city of Tehran is 180, which indicates the state of emergency and "moderate risk level" and it is necessary to pay attention as soon as possible. In order to reduce air pollution in Tehran, it is necessary to take the necessary measures based on the principles of sustainable urban development.

Urban landscape as one of the most important urban issues should always preserve its visual and aesthetic aspect. One of the most important issues that attracted the attention of urban designers is the objective of the city's objective aspect and visual disturbance. On the other hand, the geography of cities is full of high monuments and principles and criteria that have to be considered in urban planning. Therefore, the present study examines the aesthetics of aesthetics in terms of urban landscape and its impact on high - rise buildings. meanwhile, the call for highrise building measures from theorists, architecture experts and as well as residents and have been applied in order to analyze the data and data, qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing data and data analysis, using spss statistical analysis to analyze qualitative data. The findings of this study show that in urban planning and urban planning in the geographical area of cities, it has to be applied to the design and construction of the high - rise buildings so as to help the media and the desired urban landscape. In this regard, it is recommended that the principles and rules of building a high - rise building are recommended by urban management and the ministry of planning and urbanization tailored to the features of each city. Finally, the priorities of aesthetics of urban landscape in urban geography have been mentioned.

Urban areas are the main centers of economic and social growth in any country and have proven to be the most attractive places to create wealth, work, creativity and innovation.But at the same time, these areas also face significant challenges in the areas of physical and environmental degradation, social deprivation, insecurity, unemployment, housing shortages, traffic and marginalization, which drastically reduce the quality of urban life. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to assess the social and economic status of combined quality of life indicators (Case study:four areas of Chabahar city). The prevailing approach is qualitative and quantitative research space and type of applied research. Software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The results of one-sample t-test showed the average of economic and social items of quality of life in objective and subjective dimensions in areas 1 and 4 of Chabahar city with the mean value less than the average of number(3),indicating a low level of quality of life in this Areas. Also at Area 2 and 3, the average achieved higher than average number(3) indicates the quality of life in these areas is high.The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that Satisfaction of the residents of area 2,It is more of an economic and social situation than other areas of Chabahar city.Finally correlation analysis shows Area and significant relationship at the alpha level of 0.01 between economic and social dimensions.That is, by improving the quality of life in each of the studied dimensions, the other dimension also improves.