نشریه رسانه های دیداری و شنیداری
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1399)

Today, media has found different functions according to the needs of the audience; some media productions have been used for parallel or permanent education. The message of these media is understood with the help of different senses, but these senses play a different role in human learning. Every human being has a different way of learning, not the same though. Considering the role of audio media, especially radio in informal and parallel education, this article tries to rely on the VAK style (visual learning, auditory learning, kinesthetic learning) which emphasizes the essential role of senses in learning. Its special purpose is to provide program producers with suitable solutions for the educational use of radio programs, because, at present, there is no specific model available for radio producers in Iran to transmit educational messages. They rely on speculation and experimental and remote diagnoses only. The question of this research is how auditory learning styles can be used in radio educational programs and what is the achievement of programmers?  This qualitative research has been carried out using the documentary method and in-depth interviews with experts in specialized fields of radio productions, educational technology, and learning psychology. The results of this research showed that radio provides the listeners with factors such as enhancing the sense of audible participation and admiration avoiding audio congestion, verbal emphasis, and audio coding summarizing descriptions and other methods which have a suitable model for generating radio educational programs.

The speed of development of digital technologies is such that media organizations are constantly amazed, and this has made the competition in the media industry complex and intense. Therefore, media managers need to have a vision of the future to deal with the changes properly and be safe from surprises by making pre-emptive decisions. Today, without scenarios or a clear vision of possible futures, we cannot make a plan, and the first and foremost step in describing scenarios in Schwartz’s scriptwriting method is to identify key uncertainties. In this article, we have identified the factors affecting the future of IRIN in the ten-year horizon. Based on the Delphi research method and purposive sampling, 14 experts ‘opinions and some others in this field were used based on saturation. Based on the Pest model, these factors were classified into four categories: technology, political, cultural, and economic. Some of the most important factors were: Status of the educational system of IRIB journalists, citizens ‘ news consumption, the amount of budget allocated to IRIN, the level of political trust, regulations on how to run the organization, and the level of professional management of IRIN. The two factors identified as the degree of professionalism of IRIN management and the political trust were identified as key uncertainties.

Using a media economics model in social media, creative industries have economic,social and cultural functions and have the potential to build wealth in various dimensions.The purpose of the present study was to design a media economics model in social media for creative industries using meta-synthesis approach.The research was qualitative and was carried out using meta-synthesis approach.On this basis, 221 studies related to the topic which were accessible in valid journals between 2010 and 2020 were evaluated as preliminary samples.The related studies were screened.Then,18 studies were surveyed and selected by targeted sampling and the results and findings were synthesized and analyzed using “Atlas.ti” qualitative software.The results of the study with the aim of research synthesis, using the qualitative method of grounded theory indicated that there were167 preliminary codes, 30 axial concepts, and 9 main categories which included “media economics of creative industries” as the axial category, and “economic orientation”,“knowledge orientation” and “identity orientation” were recognized as causal conditions affecting the axial category;“information giving and instruction orientation” as contextual factors,“creativity and innovation” and “policy making in social media”as strategies, and “idea orientation” as the intervening factor leading to “cultural hegemony” and “media ecosystem”.Policy recommendations and suggestions of the research are related to systematic planning in the income earning methods with an economic-oriented approach, making knowledge-based plans with the aim of knowledge acquisition, their allotment,identity orientation by giving identities to workers in creative industries,providing workers and organizational elements with necessary information and instruction with strategies of innovation, creativity,and policy making in social media.

One of the relative areas of mainstream news media activities is the presence in the new media ecosystem of virtual social networks. IRIB News Agency is no exception to this rule to compete with rival news organizations; it is necessary to have a favorable presence and activity in this ecosystem. This study aims to identify the components affecting the activities of the IRIB News Agency in social networks. To achieve this, using the Delphi method and benefiting from the votes of 22 experts who were purposefully selected, and three effective variables were identified in three rounds in the activities of IRIB News Agency. Establishment of a special editorial office, active activities, reciprocal promotion, inserting a blue tick, SOE of pages, commercialization of accounts, open-source reporting, use of user-friendly templates, the timing of news release, removal of time and place restrictions, attention to the personalities of appropriate users and hashtags were some of the most important variables agreed upon by experts in the form of four categories: Production (4 items), distribution and dissemination (6 items), absorption and participation (23 items), and policymaking and management (6 items) which were separated. Accordingly, the variables of the two areas of production and absorption and user participation had the highest frequency based on the experts ‘ opinions. It seems that paying attention to these variables can be a way for optimal activity of the Radio and Television Agency in the new ecosystem of media.

Diet and eating habits can influence culture, change thinking, and individual lifestyle and social habits. If nutrition changes and deviates from lifestyle, there is the risk of cultural change. Satellites play an important role in de-identifying societies due to their nature, and officials’ negligence will harm the Iranian society. The main issue of this research is the occurrence of cultural change through a nutritional transformation in the opposite direction of the Iranian lifestyle. The purpose of this research is to investigate the status of the cultural content of satellite nutritional programs on lifestyle and their role in maintaining or transforming the culture of social learning based on qualitative analysis of the content. The data collection tool was based on selecting two programs of non- Iranian Persian language networks as a sample. The method of sampling was selective and purposeful. Research findings indicated 7 categories as follows:  1- Manifestation of culture in satellite food programs. 2- cooking, 3- Sociology of food. 4- Elimination, opposition, or disregard for religious concepts. 5- Luxury-oriented status, 6- Leisure, 7- Appearance and program making displaying the relevant subcategories in the programs. The role of cultural factors on social learning has been analyzed in these categories. Individuals adopt patterns of behavior appropriate to the events observed in their environment, including television images. Because satellite food programs offer different content from local media content due to their approaches and policies, they may provide changes to the local audience's lifestyle, culture, and social learning habits.

Media and culture are interconnected, and when this link is replaced by social action, it becomes doubly important. Leading research has been conducted with a cultural and communication approach to examine the functions of Instagram in forming social participation in the Kermanshah earthquake. For this purpose, all the posts of the Instagram pages of three distinct cultural, sports, and political celebrities active in helping the earthquake victims of Kermanshah in the period of April 1, 2016, to November 15, 2017, along with the comments of the users of theses pages have been studied by “quantitative content analysis“ method. The data is processed using SPSS software. Chi-square test and V-Kramer coefficient have been used for Proving Hypothesis. The theoretical foundations of this paper are based on the theory of “network society“, “online participation“, and “economic media participation”.  This Research Based on analyzes various cultural indicators such as language, literature, and tone of users in Instagram activities show that celebrities have used photo and Text more than video and emoji to communicate with the audience, and users have used more colloquial language and polite tone in interacting with them. As a result of this study, it was found that Instagram has important functions in forming social participation and cultural ties that are related to historical, cultural, and social contexts.

This research has been carried out to develop a model of attention management in IRI TV to recognize the attention management in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s TV based on grounded theory. The research method is qualitative-inductive and the method of Strauss-Corbin's grounded theory has been used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that was analyzed by three methods of open-coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Participants were experts who were qualified to enter the interview, which reached a maximum saturation level of 15 people through theoretical sampling. The results were categorized into 21 general categories within a paradigmatic model including causal conditions which are as follows: information accumulation, audience characteristics, competitive policy, producer policy, environmental requirements. Pivotal phenomenon: (attention management). Predisposing conditions:   observation, agile expert organization, professional ethics. Mediating conditions: content attractiveness, competitiveness, capital management, political intervention. Strategies: visual and auditory creation, ingenious production, audience focus, social and cultural capital development, discourse composition. And outcomes: audience management, performance change, understanding messages.