مجله فرهنگ و ارتقای سلامت (فرهنگستان علوم پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران)
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1399)

Control of COVID-19 Epidemicis based on the three pillars of primary health care: appropriate diagnostic technology, public participation and cross-sectoral cooperation through the countrychr('39')s health care network system, as well as the social support approach to Deserving people.In this article, the dimensions of district-centered approaches are describedin urban areas, which are the main focuses of the disease.

This article has been prepared by using the experiences of experts.

The structure, functionand implementationof district-centered approachare described.

It is recommended to use the district-centered approachin order to engage community against Covid-19, better access to health care and health guidelines adherence.

At the beginning of the outbreak of Covid-19, the Academy of Medical Sciences of IR of Iran issued a statement regarding the quantitative and qualitative developmental strategies of the countrychr('39')s health care network.
At the present, 10 months after the Covid-19 epidemic, the recent statement has been issued to re-emphasize successful management of the epidemic caused by the corona virus, through the provision of primary health care through the extensive participation of health care networks in different parts of the country in cities and villages and the development and completion of the network in urban areas, especially large cities such as Tehran and suburbs.

In this article, the conceptual and theoretical explanation and effects of "Islamic spiritual health" in the health of physical-psychological-social system , especially in prevention and health promotion,with the approach of the best religious civilization, which is the new Islamic civilization, is presented.

This article is a theory and expression of the authorchr('39')s opinion, which has been rearranged in accordance the views of the Islamic Spiritual Health Scientific Group of the Academy of Medical Sciences. The library references have been used to describe the theory and the basic explanation of the concept.

The definition and explanation of the term Islamic spiritual health should be performed by considering Islamic principles, basis and values and in the framework of Islamic civilization. According to this:• The goal is subjective, non-objective, difficult and complex, emerging, epistemological, philosophical and intangible, and the correct understanding and specific definition have not been comprehensive and hindered, the existing literature is poor, confused and eclectic.• Overlap with ethics and mental health has not been identified and compiled.• It has not been determined whether Islamic spirituality is the same as the religiosity of Islam, or it is anotherconcept.• There is not any index for its measurement.

From the Islamic view, the goal of spirituality is nearness to God and its manifestation in all aspects, events and moments of life.The above issues should be considered in defining and explainingthe concept of Islamic spiritual health.

The present article seeks to provide a brief overview of religious and anthropological principles as well as some indicators of spiritual health in an Islamic approach.

This study is formed by library and ijtihad method using Quranic verses and Hadith sources, especially Nahj ul-Balaghah.

Religiously, spiritual health is the result of one of the five sides of the epistemic geometry of religion (beliefs, knowledge, rules, ethics, and religious spirituality), i.e. the side of "spirituality." The five categories of propositions and doctrines of Islam, each of which forms a side of the five sides of the epistemic geometry of religion, are responsible for regulating four basic human relations in the realm of life. These relations are: manchr('39')s relationship with "God", with "self / soul", With "creation" and with "world". Anthropologically, the goal of Islam is to complement and educate the "comprehensive" and "perfect" human. In the religious view, the "healthy heart" is the source of spiritual health and the "sickly heart" is the source of spiritual illness. The indicators of spiritual health can be divided into four areas that are related to "human existential manifestations", namely, the areas of human’s "insight", "character", "tendency" and "action". Among the words of Ali ibn Abi Talib(AS) in Nahj ul-Balaghah, "Al-Muttaqin Sermon" expresses the most accurate signs for diagnosing and classifying of hearty health and "Al-Munafiqin sermon" contains the best indicators for diagnosing and classifying signs of hearty illness

Considering the religious and anthropological principles of spiritual health, as well as tracing the two categories of health and illness of the self / soul in Quranic verses and Hadith valid texts, we can be guided to important indicators of spiritual health and illness.

The purpose of this article is to explain the comprehensive theory of spirituality from the perspective of Islam. This theory has the dimensions of "theological-philosophical", "Jurisprudential-legal", "ethical-axiological" and "historical-civilizational", and in addition to spiritual transcendence, it can be used in the prevention and treatment of physical, mental, psychological and social disorders.

This article has been compiled using the Holy Quran, Nahjul-Balaghah and religious texts and documents.

According to the macro theory of spirituality from the point of view of Islam and Ahl ul-Bayt (as), spirituality has the following characteristics: meta-dimensional, comprehensive of emotion and rationality and reasoning, comprehensive of worldly and otherworldly dimensions, possessing internal and ritual dimensions, comprehensive individual and social dimensions, possessing intentionto physical and mental and psychological health, combined with lifestyle and inspiring spiritual life, infusing spiritual sense in the inner and metaphysicallayers, systematic, coherent, balanced, disciplined, possessing monotheistic and holy approach, connecting to divine Vilayet, innate and at the same time, voluntary, possessing various levels, and possessing remedial and transcendental dimension.

In addition to transcendence, the macro theory of Islamic spiritualitycan be used in the treatment and prevention of physical, mental, psychological and social problems. It is worthy to infer this theory with the help of Ijtihad attitude, and to be done all researches and actions in the field of spiritual healthbased on this theory.

Today, the world is in dire need of spiritual health due to experiencing the most stressful period of times. Spiritual health in Islamic culture, has a special definition and special principles. One of the most important principles is the anthropological basis, which can be analyzed and interpreted in several ways. In this study, the basis of spiritual health with the approach of Islamic mysticism is discussed.

This article has been compiled by reviewing the Holy Quran and Islamic religious references.

One of the analyzes in the context of spiritual health is religious-mystical anthropology, which pays attention to two areas: The first describes the human health and pathogenic forces that are activated against stimuli and events, and the second explains the source of positive human conditions and negative disorders when faced with problems and the coordinating base of human resources. This research deals with both areas, and a systematic explanation of both areas is done for the first time in this article in order to pave the way for researchers in this field. With regard to the first area, humanchr('39')s identity is his heart, which encompasses all aspects of his existence, perceptual, behavioral, and moral powers, and has two aspects, carnal and spiritual. As for the second area, beliefs and actions interact in four ways: the effect of beliefs on physical and external actions; The effect of heart and internal actions on physical actions, the effect of physical actions on mind actions and the effect of external and internal actions on beliefs. Of course, the method of this research is narrative-mystical.

Human can achieve spiritual health, after recognizing the carnal and spiritual aspects and the six layers of nature, soul, intellect, heart, soul, and powers of intellect and ignorance, to arrange the demands of each in the divine direction. Also, human corrects his beliefs and behaviors based on intellect and religion, and is able to adjust the way he deals with problems based on those beliefs and behaviors in order to ensure his spiritual health.

The embryonic and early childhood period are the most important stages in growth and development of the brain and personality formation and breeding of human abilities and talents and the best time to promote cultural, religious, and spiritual health issues. The family and parents are the main responsible for ensuring, maintaining and promoting the overall health of the child, but various socio-economic and cultural factors as well as the health system have also a major role to play.

It is a review and library study by using national and international documents. Also discussion of the workshop of spiritual health group has been used for coming to the conclusion.

Factors such as "nutrition and health of mother and family", "education and family health literacy:", "religious beliefs and family motivation", "place of residence", "social status", "health status and environment" and other social factors affecting health, individually and as a result of their interaction, has a significant impact on the growth and development of children. The important role of the health system in policy-making and the integration of the development plan of early childhood period in the primary health care network of the country and prioritizing the important dimension of spiritual health are emphasized.

The most suitable times for starting education of cultural, spiritual and religious issues is the embryonic and early childhood period, which is followed by adolescence and youth and even after that. The promotion of spiritual health in this period should be based on the religion of Islam, using a rich culture and valuable national experiences, taking advantage of the extraordinary capacity of the childchr('39')s brain and the early childhood development and optimal parenting education.

Spiritual training of children by parents is because of that childrenchr('39')s abilities are influenced by their parentschr('39') spiritual teaching in order to present them the most important "finding" of their lives, spiritual health in this world and well-being in the other world. In this article, the most important abilities of children and the most important teachings of parents in achieving this target are discussed.

In this article, the method of conceptual-content analysis was used to describe objectively, realistically and systematically the characteristics of education by using the Holy Quran and Islamic books in order to extract childrenchr('39')s developmental psychology on the four developmental capacities at different ages as well as extract parentschr('39') spiritual teachings to children.

Study of psychology references of religious development shows that abilities of children in different ages of development from birth to twelve years can be categorized in four section as physical, cognitive, emotional, and social capacities; as well as the study of Islamic references indicates that the spiritual teaching of parents to their children in the mentioned developmental stages can be placed in five strategies of security, education, discipline, respect, and commitment.

Five strategies of spiritual teaching by parents which are appropriate to the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social abilities of children of each developmental age can be presented by spiritual training for children.

The outbreak of the Covid 19 virus and its deaths, has led to a great deal of anxiety all over the world which seems to be because of fear of death. The spiritual health resulting from the Quranic teachings is an approach human soul and functions as a beneficial healer and a blessed medicine to alleviate this anxiety for those who believe in the Quran. Therefore, this study on the advantages of the Qurchr('39')anic spiritual health regarding the elimination of anxiety due to death reveals the necessity of further research in this field.

The present study, in terms of content analysis, examines some verses related to the spiritual health, peace of mind, fear, death and the afterlife.

Based on the findings the main causes of anxiety about death include the ignorance of Godchr('39')s attributes, the truth of man, death, the world of the hereafter, and the negligence that has gripped the man in the past.

The Holy Quran, by refining the correct knowledge and beliefs about the attributes of God, the eternal truth of man, the truth of death and the blessing of the hereafter, and the repentance to God, has provided the ground for the promotion of spiritual health. It also protects human being from negligence and compels valuable behaviors and eliminates the anxiety of death. As a result, the Qurchr('39')anic spiritual health helps in relevancy the anxiety due to death.

The victory and sustainability of Islamic Revolution of Iran depends social capital of Iranian population. So, Iranian leader in the second phase of revolution emphasizes on the role of next generation, cheerful and active youth, in various fields. In this study do scoping review on the problems of youth in todaychr('39')s Iranian society and then systematically review their social capital as the most frequent problems mentioned in previous studies.

Scope, diversity, and nature of studies was investigate in first step. Then, a structured review of youth social capital was systematically conducted.

Results show the medium and low level of social capital among Iranian youth, which has been declining at all levels from family to society in last decades. In this study four categories of influencing factors were extracted including socio-economic factors, psychological factors, lifestyle, social structures, and governance. Then, we emphasize on the strengthening and weakening factors in each category.

Social capital must be continuously reproduced in society, otherwise it will be diminished. Strategic planning for reproducing and accumulating of social capital in all levels from the family level to the national one can facilitate the national movement towards development goals in the country. To achieve this aim, attention to the social capital strengthening and weakening factors which discussed in this paper is principal.

chr('39')chr('39')Kindnesschr('39')chr('39') is a human truth that not only plays a role between physician and patient, but also the researches of experimental scientists indicate that mercy and compassion can be effective in prevention and control of certain illnesses; on other hand Islam as a divine religion is the source of human virtues including kindness and in this regard it can support the cultural and health goals.

This descriptive-analytical research has also utilized library method (classical and modern) and reputable scientific sources in the Internet.

The Islam divine BOOK, Quran, introduces Allah with two names with the origins of Rahmat, and almost all of its surahs introduce the CREATURE with these two names and there are lots of words which are collateral and synonymous of the word kindness and other Allah names refer to a single and merciful Lord; Although the meaning is not directly kindness and plenty of fundamental contents can be found for being fundamental meaning in the Quran and other Islamic sources.

1.The placement of kindness is noble in Quran. 2. Islam can not recognize without priority of the kindness virtue in exegesis and lives. 3. Concentrating on kindness in Islam can promote in health especially in the area of spiritual and mental health. 4. It is necessary to make more research in Islamic and experimental sciences area to find the importance of kindness in health with a native approach.

According to General health policies, promotion of teachers to higher degrees or rankings in health educationin Iran must also be in accordance with Islamic values, medical ethics and professional etiquette. The purpose of this study was to identify, promote and institutionalize the effective components of the higher health education system. The focus of this study was analysis of policies and strategies for promotionof teachers.Although the recruitment  of faculty and selection process are based on national guidelines  itneeds to be improved. This study examines the selection of the most deserving based on Islamic, cultural and medical ethics criteria and competent membersfor promotion of the faculty to higher health educational ranks .

This  descriptive and analytical study used upstream documents, especially general health policies, focus group discussion and combining of the results with a selection of library references.

The competencies of the professors were identified in three major groups and 14 subgroups. Necessary macro competencies included "commitment", "expertise" and "social responsibility", which must be achieved in higher education in the stages of recruitment and employment of the scientific faculty; 14 subgroups included general competencies.  Values (Islamic and humanitarian); Scientific (education,- research and technology); Vocational (community health promotion and disease prevention- functional - skills training); Social (familiarity and experience in the field of social determinants of health, social health, public health education, appropriate social behavior); Communication; Management and leadership; Behavioral; Counseling (to peers-and-students,-policy makers and planners and the community); Transnational and international; creativity and innovation; to inspire and be a role model; motivation and self-regulation; and exceptional and elite capabilities were considered.

In the higher education system, thecompetencies of the teacher is the center of values; the guideline for change and the decisive factor for the realization of the goals and ideals of education must be consideded in addition to scierntiffic level.

During the global Covid-19 outbreak and its mortalities, not all countries have responded the same way, some countries have been more successful and, far from rushing through proper measures, have been able to mitigate the effects of the epidemic by implementing evidence-based policies and using the past experience, On the other hand the performance of some countries was inadequate and led to the spread of disease and increasing mortality among various population groups. Therefore, considering the persistence of the Covid-19 outbreak and the vast impact of the disease in different countries, it will be useful to review and extract international and national experiences in order to improve plans. In this article, we review the policies of selected successful countries and describe the policies of Iran in trackling the spread of the Covid -19 outbreak.

Health policies and the status of Covid -19 in China, South Korea, Japan, Germany, Australia and Iran extracted by reviewing the credible databases since its inception.

The number of confirmed cases, recovered, and death due to the COVID-19, case fatality rate, population and population density of selected countries, were reported up to 18 November 2020 were reviewed. Then, a comparison of the strict indicators obtained from the policies adopted by the countries was performed. At the last stage, the countries chr('39') response to Covid 19 outbreak was described in more detail since its inception up till now.

The success or failure of disease control depends on the speed of response, decisiveness, how to formulate policies and plans based on national and international scientific evidence, continuous monitoring, timely information and ensuring community support in line with policies, adequate resources and timely modification of policies according to the surveillance data. Evaluating international experiences and extracting lessons learned and modifying plans based on national and international experiences, while promotes resilience, provides the basis for strengthening national and international preparedness.

According to paragraph 12 of health communication policies and in order to explain a part of traditional Iranian medicine, it is necessary to conduct research focusing on terminological knowledge in the field of pathological knowledge in traditional Iranian medicine, because the initial research was conducted in This field shows that in terms of terminology, the words related to the description, definition and recognition of diseases in various medical texts of the Islamic period have undergone semantic changes.

This research is a historical-terminological study that has been done by using a collection of the most important medical texts of the Islamic period and recording the views and achievements of the authors.

Many factors have contributed to the emergence of a set of terms around the description, definition and recognition of disease names in Islamic medical texts. The language of the texts (usually Persian or Arabic), how the basic texts are translated into the languages used in Iran and the change and meaning of the words throughout history are among these factors. At the same time, any basic research in the field of pathology in traditional Iranian medicine with the aim of explaining and recognizing the semantics of these data requires considering these semantic changes.

Considering the fact that the medical knowledge of the Islamic period is divided into different branches, it seems that one of the most important of these branches in terms of production of specialized words and terms is the branch of pathology, which includes a relatively large collection. But based on several components, including the use of several different languages or a long historical connection in traditional Iranian medicine and the arrival of new medical languages in Iran (from the Qajar period onwards), important semantic transformations have taken place in the meaning of disease names. And the word that used to refer to a specific disease in traditional Iranian medicine. today is assigned to another different disease.