پژوهش نامه علوم حدیث تطبیقی
پیاپی 13 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Imam Ali (AS) is the foremost commentator and is a leader in interpreting the verses of the Qur'an compared to other companions. We have received many narrations from him in the interpretation of the Qur'an. One of these narrations is a hadith that has been quoted in explaining the intentions of the syllables, and it is known as the hadith "Safwat hazal ketaab" "Selected of this book of alphabetical letters"[1] . Thalabi, a prominent Sunni commentator, quotes this hadith in his commentary and bases his point of view on it. Most Shiite commentators and narrators have also quoted this hadith from Imam Ali (as). The purpose of the present study is to make a comparative study of this hadith in the interpretation of Thalabi with Shiite sources and also to find the differences and the main source of the narration. The present article, in a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach, examines the narration of "Safwat hazal ketaab"  “selected of this book of alphabetical letters" in "Al-Kashf Wal-Bayan" and compares it with Shiite sources. Findings and results of the research show that this hadith has not been quoted in any of the Shiite sources with a Shiite document and all the narrations reach the narrations of the "Sunnis" in different ways. Some commentators have quoted it directly from Sunni narrators and some have quoted it from other Shiite commentators or narrators from the Sunnites. Tabarsi, Howeizi, Feyz Kashani and some others have mentioned the hadith directly and often with the phrase “Sunnites, narrated". Amoli, Boroujerdi, Isfahani, etc. have narrated the hadith through Tabarsi or others.

Correctional education is often used to train trainees who, for whatever reason, do not have the correct training, and the educator works to correct and change their traits and misbehavior in the social, worship, doctrinal, and political spheres. Educational methods in the field of trainee correction can be examined in three axes: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. This research, by studying the hadiths and biography of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), introduces and explains the effective emotional training methods in reform. Emotional training methods are the techniques that the trainer uses to influence the emotion in order to correct the thought, ethics, and behavior of the trainee, and they are: compassion and love, preaching, encouragement and persuasion, creating fear and hope, paying attention to blessings, accepting the  apologize, paying attention to the spiritual factors that prevent sin, arousing feelings and emotions, paying attention to the consequences of worldly affairs and repentance, and Emotional views can be effective in correcting, educating, and trainee behavior.

A Surah Yusuf, the best of Qur'anic narratives has long been considered by scholars. Some of the interpretations and narrations that have been given in the most important sources of the Imamism and Sunnite regarding the interpretation of this surah and have portrayed the image of the infallibility of this divine prophet (AS) are mixed with the Israelites(jewish lore) and are in clear conflict with the doctrinal principles of the Imams. The predominant source of these interpretations in Sunnites books is derived from the Torah, which is quite evident in the commentaries of Tabari and al-Dar al-Manthur. What is also mentioned in the Shiite narrations of these deviations is, without a doubt, the repetition of the narrations of the Ahl al-Sunnites sources. A descriptive-analytical study of the interpretive and hadith sources of the two sects from the biography of Prophet Yusuf (AS) and the analysis and critique of the narrations contrary to his infallibility, on the one hand reveal the inaccuracy of these statements and on the other hand, reveals the real and divine image of that Infallible Prophet (AS) according to Qur'anic principles and texts and authentic hadiths.

Courage is one of the moral virtues that mean bravery and in ethics it is referred to as the middle ground between temerity and fear. Given the importance of the issue of courage in human life and its great impact on his material and spiritual growth and excellence, the need to identify its semantic domain, especially within the limits of Islamic sources, is increasingly determined. Using a descriptive-analytical method and emphasizing the field of structural semantics, the present article intends to examine the meaning of the word courage in a systematic process; Based on the findings of this study, by examining the semantic scope and relations of coexistence and substitution of the word courage in religious sources, the concept of "courage" with a number of words such as "truth and honesty", "self-sacrifice", "rejection of humiliation",  "ambitious", "mettle", "self-control", " humanity", "generosity", "patience" and "wisdom" are strongly related. The concepts of "victory", "virtue" and "endurance" also have a distributive relationship with the concept of "courage". Also, the concept of "courage" is in conflict with words such as "cowardice" and "lack of foresight". Therefore, through courage, one can strengthen those traits that are strongly related to this concept and avoid the negative impact of traits such as "cowardice" and "lack of foresight" that are in conflict with this trait.

The issue of the perfection of Shari'a is something that Muslim scholars agree on. But the sufficiency of the Qur'an and the Sunnah, that is, the complete ability of the Qur'an and the Sunnah to respond to any need and the expression of the needlessness of the two from any other source, is disputed. Considering the superior hadith collections of the two great Islamic sects, Sahih</em> Bukhari</em> and Kafi Kuleini</em>, it indicates that: Although the general approaches of these collections are similar in relation to the sufficiency of the Qur'an and Sunnah, but despite some indexes and hadiths in the Bukhari such as the use of the individual opinion by Companions, the basis for the adequacy of the Thaqalayn</em>, is questioned. The present study, with the method of comparative comparison, seeks to explain the difference between Bukhari and Kleini's views on the adequacy of the Qur'an and Sunnah, while comparing these great hadith collections and their narrations. The result of a comparative study of the two sources is that although Bukhari has shown a special interest in the Qur'an and Sunnah by narrating various narrations, but due to the acceptance of some narrations, such as: the hadiths of baseless Ijtihad</em> of the companions, he has accepted the shortcomings of the Qur'an and Sunnah; Therefore, it has not been able to show the perfection and adequacy of the Qur'an and Sunnah; But Kuleini points out the existence of all the rulings in the Qur'an and Sunnah and points to the ability of Etrat (p.b.u.h) to present any ruling and emphasizes the categorical rejection of heresy and quoting individual opinion.

The hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) have been recorded in various forms in the four books (. One of these types of documents is that a non-infallible and non-contemporary Shiite narrator narrates a hadith from him; this type of hadith is called "Mursal". The necessity of researching such isnad is due to the fact that examining and analyzing the reason for this kind of isnad leads to gaining confidence in some of the Mursal hadiths and preparing the responding to the doubt of the Shiites' lack of attention to the cohesion of the isnad. The mission of the present study is to discover why the Shiites have quoted the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) in the four books as a mursal (munqati') and its purpose is to provide an analysis of why these hadiths were mursal (lacking the mention ofthe first narrator). L aying the groundwork for achieving some works of science of tradition, such as the methodology of earlier narrators and the validation of narration documents, is one of the benefits of this article. This article has been able to reveal the reason of Shiite narrations from the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in "four books" as mursal by examining the class of narrators and examining the subject and content of the narrations and presenting nine reasons and analyzing it. The verification of the text and the non-jurisprudential nature of the narration by the authors of the four books, ‌ mentioning the document in other books of the author, ‌ trusting the book of the first narrator, etc. are the results of this research.

Abstract</strong> The book of Rabi 'ibn Habib is the most important book of hadith of the Ibadiyya religion, which contains some different chapters of jurisprudence, belief and interpretation. The purpose of this article is to identify and study the position of Rabi 'ibn Habib, which has been processed on it very little attention. The possibility of being forgery is one of the most important issues regarding this book, which has been raised by some of the Sunni contemporaries, such as Muhammad Nasser al-Din al-Albani and Egyptian knowledgeable Khalid ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Zaki. Our method in this article, in addition to reviewing the documents and the content of the book, is to review the previous and later sources and also new research in different languages that has been done about this document, in addition, the author is introduced and his scientific life is examined. He findings show that the Musnad</em> of Rabi 'ibn Habib is the most important text of the Ibadiyya hadith and it is difficult to prove its falsity and baselessness. This book was most likely compiled by a student of one of Rabi's students and was not compiled by him.

One of the most important issues in the science of principles of jurisprudence and the issue of the significance of words is the authority of the appearances of words, which is the most important in the process of jurisprudential inference. The originality of quotation by words in the narrations of the Infallible Imams (as) is one of the hadithic principles of this issue of the science of principles of jurisprudence. According to a lot of texts, quotation by meaning in Shiite narrations is permissible and its realization in the narrations narrated by Shiite Imams (AS) is undeniable. What can tremble the basis of the authority of the appearances of the words of the narrations is the lack of determining the boundaries and limitations of the issue of quotation by meaning and its generalization in a way that becomes the main point in the narrating. Therefore, it is necessary to prove the authenticity of quotation by words in narrations, based on the narrative method of narrators and the quality of interaction of Shiite jurists with narrations. In this research, with a comparative study of jurisprudential and hadithic works and with a historical and pragmatic approach, the issue of the originality of quotation by words is addressed and using evidences such as: explaining the process of narration, narrative method of Shiite narrators, practical effects of this principle in the process of Jurisprudential inference like the principle of non-imperfection, the generality of narrations, the indication per nexum, the issue of the authenticity of quotation by words in narrations is proved.

The study of the narrations that have been issued in occasion of the revelation of the verses of the Holy Quran is one of the topics that are used in the interpretation and explanation of some verses of the Holy Qur'an. In Shiite and Ahl al-Sunnah interpretive sources two occasion of revelation have been quoted about the verses of "Ifk"(slander) in Surah Noor, and there is a serious difference of opinion in stating their meaning. In the narration quoted in the Shiite commentaries, the slanderer is Ayisha and the accused is Maryah Ghebtiyeh, but in the report of people of the Sunnah, Aisha is accused and the hypocrites are slanderers. Based on the process of hadith studies and validation of narrations, these two narrations, which were issued in occasion of the revelation of verses, need textual and documentary analysis, This article examines the authenticity of the narrations were issued in occasion of the revelation of verses about "Ifk" and describes the problems as well as the extent of their function and effectiveness in explaining and the purpose of the relevant verses in Shiite and Sunnites interpretations. Findings of the research based on analytical, descriptive and critical methods show that the narrations, especially those in Ahl-e-Sunah sources, do not have high credibility. And their content faces many problems, and their expression is not necessary not only for interpretive purposes; it also causes more differences between the two sects.

The book of Ja'fariyat, also known as Ash'athiyat, was popularized in Egypt by Ibn Ash'ath at the beginning of the fourth century. This book contains more than 1600 hadiths, most of which have been narrated through Imam Kadhim (AS) from Imam Sadegh (AS) quoting their fathers. The uniform attribution of this large volume of hadiths faces several problems, some of which are discussed in this article. The troubles in Jafaryat's book have risen the question of what sources did the author use? In this article, by examining various evidences and sampling and similarity of narrations, it has been shown that in compiling the book, the author has used sources such as: the book of Ismail Ibn Abiziad Sakuni and the heritage of the general narrators of Medina. By carefully documenting each hadith, it is possible to identify cases of Sakuni with high probability.

Sufyani's arising is one of the definite events in the end times, which has been clarified by the narrations of the two schools of thought. Since Sufyani is the flag bearer of the leadership of infidelity and Taghut against the flags of truth, acquaintance with the characteristics of Sufyani including his name, lineage, attributes, time and place of his arising is necessary for those waiting for Hazrat Mahdi (May Allah Hasten His Appearance); Because if the believers and those who are waiting for Hazrat Mahdi (May Allah Hasten His Appearance) do not know the characteristics of the armies, flags and leaders of the groups and the wars on the verge of appearance, they will be caught in deviation and will not able to help the truth. Therefore, the present article has been dealt with the aim of explaining the characteristics of Sufyani and the commonalities and differences of the narrations of the two sects regarding the name, lineage, attributes and time and place of Sufyani's arising with comparatively expressed by the documentative method. Sufyani’s names such as Harb, Uthman, Anbasa have been mentioned in Shiite narrations and Abdullah, Azhar Ibn Kalbiya and Mu'awiyah Ibn Anbasa have been mentioned in Sunni narrations. His lineage goes back to Abu Sufyan. His place of arising is the land of the Levant. Sufyani's arising time is in the month of Rajab and coincides with the arising of Yamani, Khorasani and Hazrat Mahdi (May Allah Hasten His Appearance).

One of the interdisciplinary topics in the sciences of hadith and the principles jurisprudence of Sunni has been the authenticity or non-authenticity of the sayings and opinions of the companions, and there has always been a dispute of opinion between the Sunni narrators and experts of jurisprudential principles. This article seeks to resolve this controversial issue by relying on non-verbal arguments (reason and consensus), according to their accepted principles and proving the correct view in this regard. The claim of the present study is that even without using the verbal arguments, the invalidity of the opinions of the companions can be proved. The results of research indicate that the consensus of the companions on the permissibility of opposing their own opinions, the lack of connection between justice and the authority of their sayings, the fallibility of the companions, the disputes between the companions, the generality of arguments prohibiting imitation and the implication of bringing two contradictories together are among the proofs that clearly prove the invalidity of the sayings and opinions of the companions as the proofs of laws.