فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی
پیاپی 78 (پاییز 1399)

It is necessary to notice the subjective well-being  and satisfaction of human resources in organizations and lack of attention to them has deleterious effects on individual and organizational performance.

The present study is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative)  research which used the Q approach to examine and explain managers’ mental patterns regarding Subjective Well-being of employees. Research method based on purpose, applied research, and data collection was applied, explorative, and descriptive survey respectively. The statistical population in this study was managers and supervisors of Ferro Gilan Complex (N=22) in addition, purposive sampling technique was used which sampling methods are unpredictable. To collect data, deep interviews were administered, whose validity and reliability were confirmed, respectively by CVR approach and Kapa Kohn method. In qualitative part of research, TheManagers of Ferro Gilan Complex were  interviewed by Q method, and distributed Q cards among them and we have Q-Set, Q-Sort. After collecting information from Q sorting, this information was analyzed by factor analysis in quantitative part of research.

The study indicate that managers’ seven main mind-sets relevant to employee subjective well-being are as follows: Justice-oriented, collaboration-oriented, Spirituality-oriented, Trust-oriented, Satisfaction-oriented, Happy-oriented, Positive organizational behavior –oriented.

Managers with Mental Patterns such as Justice-oriented, collaboration-oriented, Spirituality-oriented, Trust-oriented, Satisfaction-oriented, Happy-oriented, Positive organizational behavior –oriented can improve the subjective well-being   of the employee.

The main topic of this research is to Investigating the Impact of Virtual Social Networks on Social Capital and Organizational Learning Capabilities with the Mediating Role of Helpful Activities. An important feature of social networks is that it has become a place to share knowledge, which in turn contributes to the quantitative and qualitative improvement of social capital. Thus, the purpose of this study is investigating the Impact of virtual social networks in social capital and Organizational learning capabilities are in the context of helpful Activities.

The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees and managers of the Road and Wreaking Directorate of Mazandaran province (402 people). For this purpose, based on Morganchr('39')s table, 198 questionnaires were collected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Social capital investment and Assistive Action Totheman (2005) and Organizational Learning Questionnaire Ochr('39')Junan et al (2014) .The validity of the questionnaire was verified by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability through Cronbachchr('39')s alpha.

Findings of the research based on Structural Equation with Lisrel software show that virtual social network alone has a positive and significant effect on social capital, organizational learning ability and auxiliary activities. Also, social capital has an impact on the learning ability of an organization and also contributes to aid It plays the role of mediator in the development of social capital in the relationship between the virtual social network and organizational learning capabilities.

Social capital affects the ability of organizational learning through direct and indirect indirect actions.In other words, due to the role of Helpful activities with the promotion of social capital based on the virtual social network, the capacity of organizational learning increases.

According to the psychological theories, the priority of adolescence is the acquisition of identity, which is influenced by physical, psychological, socio-cultural and spiritual factors of this period. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of agentic personality, social capital, moral intelligence and psychological capital in identity prediction.

This study is a descriptive and correlation study. 633 undergraduate students of Tehran universities were selected by random sampling method in the academic year of 2018-2019 and completed the research tools included Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status II (EOM-EIS-II), Multi-measure Agentic Personality Scale (MAPS), the Social Capital Measurement Questionnaire, Moral Competency Inventory (MCI) and Psychological Capital Intervention (PCI). Data were analyzed with using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression with SPSS-24.

Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between achievement and moratorium identity states with personality agency, moral intelligence, social capital, and psychological capital. Also, these variables positively and significantly predicted the achievement and moratorium identity states. Conversely, the relationship between identity diffusion and these variables was negative. In relation to foreclosure identity, only social capital and psychological capital were positively and significantly related to it.

According to the findings of this study, it can be stated that different identity states have different relationship with individual constructs (personality agency, moral intelligence and psychological capital) and social (social capital) according to different levels of identity crisis and sense of commitment to personal identity.

Considering the impact of social solidarity on the development of societies and the fact that solidarity is the basis of any kind of planning and policy in society, recognizing it can be a great help for development. On the other hand, the main goal of all political systems is to try to unite social groups, which is achieved in the shadow of social solidarity.

The research method was quantitative, and a survey was used to collect data. The statistical population includes all citizens aged 17 and over (both men and women) that living in Shahrekord. From among them 385 people were selected as the sample using Cochranchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s formula, and they were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was analyzed using Amos software.

The level of social solidarity among the citizens of Shahrekord is moderate to high. There is also a significant relationship between the variables of government satisfaction, socialization and social trust with social solidarity; Meanwhile, the socialization variable (β = 0.62) shows the greatest impact on the social solidarity variable.

As social solidarity plays an important role in creating national order and development, that  is also a necessary phenomenon for the development of a region or city, in which Shahrekord with a combination of different ethnicities Lor, Turk, Fars and ... without Doubt requires a significant amount of social solidarity to achieve development.

Today, social tolerance is a necessary precondition for living in higher population densities and types of cultural behavior. The purpose of this study was to measure social tolerance and its social related factors in Bandar Abbas.

The strategy of this research is comparative and the survey technique and questionnaire tools have been used to collect data. The statistical population of this study includes people aged 18 and over living in Bandar Abbas. According to Morganchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s table, 384 people were counted, and the sample was increased to 400 people as a precautionary measure. The studied samples were selected by simple stratified and random sampling method. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, formal and content validity was used, which is based on previous research and approval of relevant experts, and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbachchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s alpha coefficient technique was used. SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the data.

The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between social tolerance and the independent variables such as religiosity, socialization, feeling of belonging to the city, socioeconomic status variables. Also, there is a significant relationship between marital status and job resiliency with social tolerance variable. The regression results showed that the mentioned variables account for 0.389% of social tolerance.

Tolerance shows the importance of living in peace and intimacy and interacting with each other. If this tolerance leads to violence and harshness, the greatest harm will be to the collective life of individuals and society. In achieving tolerance and its very positive and necessary effects, many components such as appropriate socialization, sense of belonging to the place of residence and the people present in it, the level of personal religiosity and also the role of socio-economic base of people are very decisive and tangible.

The feeling of belonging to school can be effective in adolescentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) positive perception of themselves, others, communication and interest in others, as well as a sense of responsibility for school affairs. The purpose of this study was to explain the role of school belonging in predicting studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) academic motivation and academic self-efficacy of secondary school students in Tabriz.

The present study was a survey research. The statistical population of the present study included all male high school students in Tabriz who through cluster random sampling 299 high school students (92 in mathematics, 101 in experimental sciences and 105 in science Human) were selected. The research instruments were Barry School Feeling Questionnaire (2004), Frederick Academic Achievement Questionnaire (2004) and Jink (1999) Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

Pearson correlation analysis showed that there is a significant and positive correlation between the variables of connectedness with school, academic enthusiasm and self-efficacy. On the other hand, the results of linear regression analysis indicated that the school-related dimensions predicted a total of 0.71 of academic enthusiasm changes and 0.31 of student self-efficacy changes. From the dimensions of connectedness with school, four subscales of participation, positive feelings, membership, and academic participation predict meaningfully academic enthusiasm. Also, the following sub-scales of teacher support, respect and scientific participation are a significant predictor of student self-efficacy.

The findings of the present study are important implications for psychologists and school counselors about the role of belonging to the school in the enthusiasm and better academic performance of high school students.

The sense of self-actualization, which is at the highest level in the range of Maslowchr('39')s needs, implies the flourishing of the talents and potential of human beings. The development of self-actualization has positive effects on individuals, especially students. Students with high self-actualization have a high degree of mental health, academic achievement and high. Life satisfaction; therefore, it is important to recognize the factors affecting self-actualization in students. Perceived Social support is one of the factors that appears to be related to sense of self-actualization on students. Perceived social support is a kind of mental judgment in which one thinks that his family and friends will help him when faced with tensions and accidents. The sources of support make the person feel caring, loving, self-esteeming and worthwhile, and can successfully deal with stress factors by being part of a broad network of communication. But in addition to perceived social support, another factor that may be associated with self-actualization is social capital. This concept refers to the links and connections among the members of a network as a valuable resource, which creates norms and mutual trust that accomplish the goals of the members, and with known sociological variables such as trust, awareness, concern about others and public issues, Participation in public affairs, solidarity and group solidarity, and collaboration. Given the importance of perceived social support and social capital variables, the purpose of this study was to explain Sense of self-actualization among Student by perceived social support and social capital.

In a Descriptive-correlational study, from among all students of various schools of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University, in 2018-2019, 361 students (211 girls and 150 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling method and using the margin of error Cochran. The participants completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Ahwaz Self – Actualization Inventory and Social capital Inventory. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (stepwise).

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived social support components (friends, family and person) with Sense of self-actualization. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the components of social capital (trust, networks and common norms, mutual cooperation and cooperation, empathy of understanding and mutual respect, co-operation and voluntary participation, collective identity) with Sense of self-actualization. The positive relationship between perceived social support and social capital with self-actualization means that with increased perceived social support and social capital, self-actualization increases in students, and vice versa. Also, Stepwise regression results showed that from components of perceived social support, important person and friend were able to predict Sense of self-actualization. These results also indicated that from components of social capital, Social solidarity and collective identity were able to predict Sense of self-actualization.

Considering the positive relationship between perceived social support and social capital with Sense of self-actualization among students and predicting Sense of self-actualization.based on these variables, it can be concluded that perceived social support and social capital variables are important factors in explaining studentschr('39') Sense of self-actualization. In line with the results of previous researches, it can be concluded that families and friends are important sources of social support for students, and the quality and quantity of social relationships, social ties or social capital determines the growth and prosperity of students. So neglecting these factors can cost a lot of money for the higher education system. Therefore, by designing practical policies to increase the perceived social protection level, as well as expanding social capital, establishing interpersonal and group relationships, self-awareness and conflict resolution can be significantly affected by the costs and educational costs of the education system it’s great. Therefore, paying more attention to these variables and raising them among students and other groups is essential.

In our current society, there is a lot of complexity and diversity of behavior, given that, Sexual understanding is one of the things that stresses and our young people generation doesnchr('39')t know how to deal with it. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the of young people sexual understanding and the purpose of this study was to explore the young people sexual understanding.

Current research was conducted by adopting a phenomenological approach and with purpose of examine of young people sexual understanding. Research method was qualitative that carried out with 18 young people (9 Women and 9 Man) of Shiraz city. Sampling method was purposeful and consistent with theoretical saturation logic until phenomenological explore the sexual understanding of young people. Information collection technique was semi - structured deep interview. After a deep exploration of the interviews, the resulting data separated based on the analysis model of content the King and Haroux.

The results indicated two main areas: sexual understanding and consequences of sexual understanding and each includes the following conceptual categories. Sexual understanding had two domains of free - thinking and conservative understanding and the consequences of sexual understanding included three domains: individual, family, and social. The findings underscore to young people positive understanding of toward roommates and relation concubine, and prefer these relations to the provision of marriage difficult conditions.

The findings emphasize that culture and family play a significant role in reinforcing or consolidating person sexual understanding and that person sexual understanding also influence on family and culture. Some young people have an abnormal understanding to sexual issues, which makes them look at sex more openly and then experience roommates, prostitution and relation concubine.

capacity poverty and mental health are among the issues that seem to be important issues in cities, especially informal settlements. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess the status of capacity poverty and mental health and the relationship between them in informal settlements of Ardabil city and compare the status of this settlement with other settlements or urban contexts in Ardabil.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of this study is the citizens of Ardabil. With the help of Cochranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s mathematical formula, 384 people were determined as a statistical sample and randomly sampled from citizens living in different urban contexts of Ardabil. Data were collected from them using a research tool (Likert scale questionnaire).

The results of the research showed that the informal settlements in Ardabil are in poor condition in terms of capacity poverty and mental health. There is also a There is also a significant and inverse relationship between capacity poverty and mental health. Informal settlements in Ardabil are in the last rank and in a very inappropriate level compared to other urban contexts in terms of capacity poverty and mental health.

The results indicate that the social and economic status of urban contexts play an important role in their capacity poverty and mental health and special attention should be paid to the issue of capacity poverty in informal settlements and lower urban contexts. In this regard, the deprivation of basic individual and social capabilities must be eliminated in order to improve the mental health of citizens.

Many sociological studies in the area of stress have been due to the classic article of Pearlin (1981).The conceptual model presented in this paper has affected the sociological research of the last three decades and is a kind of reference model applied to research on mental health disparities.

The research was conducted the survey method. By using the stratified sampling, cluster sampling and systematic sampling, the number of 742 people was chosen as the sample size. The population of the study is all students of secondary school of Mazandaran province (2018-19).The date for this survey are collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS and LISREL.

The results indicate that the highest levels of stress (primary and secondary) that students have experienced is associated with the component of deprivation & underreward and structural constraints. Also, the highest amount of chronic stress is related to the element of threats and Deprivation & underreward. From other research results, moderating variables have an effective role in moderating the relationship between stress and outcome (depression and anxiety) that have been significant. In explaining depression and anxiety: students in public and Magnet schools are more likely to be subject to stress sources that threaten their depression and anxiety.

The aim of sociological studies is to explain the relationship between social status and mental disorder; and the focus of these studies is the classical literature of Pearlin (1981) that describes the main elements of the stress process model. Each of the aforementioned model elements has been highly studied in recent years and has different sub - sections; this paper explores the detailed descriptions of its elements in response to the question that due to the stress process model (Sources, Moderator, Manifestation, and Social Context), the mental health differences can be identified. Generally, the most important positive aspect of the social stress process approach is its preventative property as the stress process model is a vehicle for explaining mental health differences and in other words, these models explain the differences in a meaningful way.