Journal of Vessels and Circulation
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

The current report presents the clinical presentations and paraclinical findings of the second confirmed mortality case of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Qom, Iran, with an emphasis on the results of the direct cardiac consequences of COVID-19 infection.  
Case Report: A 63-year-old male patient was admitted to the Emergency Department of Kamkar-Arabnia hospital in Qom, with productive coughs, chills, anorexia, and fever. The patient had taken no recent trips and had no exposure to individuals with respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary auscultation and related imaging indicated serious pulmonary involvements. Laboratory findings showed evidence of anemia, uremia, hepatic dysfunction, and cardiac involvement, including electrocardiography changes, cardiac enzyme elevation, and relatively large cardiac space in the chest X-ray. Mortality occurred by cardiopulmonary arrest with a prominent feature of asystole and no little response to long durations of resuscitation which could originate from both acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as direct cardiac involvement.

Considering the enormous capability of coronaviruses for miscellaneous pathogenesis and outstanding mortality rate of COVID-19, it is necessary to pay more concentrated attention to the direct cardiac consequences of this disease.

Angiomyolipoma is a benign renal tumor composed of fat tissue, smooth muscle, and vascular tissue. Angiomyolipoma tumors are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. The tumor hemorrhage is the most common complication of angiomyolipoma. Moreover, Wunderlich syndrome is a rare spontaneous phenomenon associated with sub-capsular and perirenal hemorrhage with no history of trauma.
Case Report: This case report presents a spontaneous hemorrhage of a renal angiomyolipoma.

Angiomyolipoma can be presented with sub-capsular and perirenal hemorrhage with no history of trauma that can be life-threatening.

Interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including modifiable maternal nutrition and lifestyle, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of most congenital heart defects (CHD). This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between periconceptional maternal vitamin D status and the prevalence of CHD in offspring.

This case-control study was conducted on 660 neonates referring to Masoumeh Hospital, Qom, Iran, from April 2016 onwards. The subjects were divided into two groups of CHD and healthy patients. The instrument applied to collect the necessary data was a research-made checklist including demographic data and risk factors related to the study, which was filled by mothers. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. A logistic regression test was also utilized, and the p-value of less than 0.05was considered significant.

The mean age of mothers was obtained as 30 years in both groups. It was revealed that 94 (28.5%) and 159 (48.2%) of mothers in the case and control groups consumed Vitamin D in pregnancy. There was a significant difference between vitamin D intake and CHD in the two groups(p<0/001). The economic status of 53.3% of families with CHD patients was reported to be low. According to the results, 70.6% of mothers in the case group were highly educated.

Based on the results, vitamin D consumption during pregnancy was associated with the reduction of neonatal CHD. Moreover, economic status was found as another risk factor affecting the development of neonatal CHD.

Lidocaine ingestion in children can cause lethal neurological and cardiac effects. We report the case of severe neurological disorders due to lidocaine ingestion.

An 8-month-old girl presented to the emergency ward in full cardiac and respiratory arrest, was cyanotic, and hypoxic due to ingestion of 7-8 puffs of lidocaine administered to her mistakenly by her grandmother instead of common cold medication. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was conducted on the infant. Afterward, intralipid emulsion therapy was performed in addition to respiratory ventilation, bicarbonate treatment, and anticonvulsive therapy. The child was breathing spontaneously two days later and was extubated. Subsequently, the infant opened her eyes and had a low response to stimuli. She was later discharged with severe neurological disorders due to low reflection and hypotonia without swallowing and movement.

The use of lidocaine may result in cardiovascular and CNS toxicity, particularly in children. Regarding the potential disadvantages of lidocaine, physicians have to give instructions to minimize the risk of overuse or accidental ingestion of lidocaine by patients.

Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease and T helper 2 cytokines (i.e., interleukin 4, interleukin 5 [IL-5], and interleukin 13) have an important role in asthma pathology. Blood vessels in lung parenchyma and airway wall serve as the sources for inflammatory cells. The IL-5 leads to eosinophilic inflammation. The adhesion molecules on the endothelium and immune cells allow for the translocation of eosinophils. The vessels of the lung may play the main role in the cell migration and pathophysiology of asthma.

Several keywords were searched in databases, and out of 495 manuscripts 178 studies were selected. At least, 19 manuscripts were used as support of the above-mentioned hypothesis.

We hypothesized that airway vessels highly have leaks for eosinophils, and eosinophil migration from the endothelium of these vessels is easier than the endothelium of other tissues. Severe vascular leak and easy eosinophil migration in lung vessels cause inflammation leading to severe asthma phenotype; however, similar inflammation does not occur in other organs. The treatment of asthma is difficult and the control of cell migration needs to manipulate cell adhesion molecules.

The lung endothelial molecules may have the potential to develop new treatments for asthma.

Adherence to treatment is of utmost importance for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to determine the degree of adherence to treatment and its relationship with anxiety and depression in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to teaching hospitals in Qom, Iran in 2016. One hundred sixteen patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected via the convenience sampling method. Data collection instruments included demographic information form, Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale, as well as  Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive tests and linear regression analysis.

Based on the obtained results, about half of the patients (49.1%) scored lower than average in adherence to treatment. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that among the variables included in the univariate model (P<0.15), depression (P=-0.26; β = 0.047) and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.22; β = 0.26) were significantly correlated with treatment adherence.

As evidenced by the results of the current study, patientschr('39') adherence to a medication regimen was associated with depression and BMI. Psychological problems, especially depression, deserve assiduous attention as important determinants of treatment adherence

Coronary artery disease is one of the psychosomatic diseases that is affected not only by biological factors but also by psychosocial factors. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on cognitive emotion regulation among patients with coronary heart disease.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design and follow-up. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all heart disease patients referring to the Cardiology Interior Department of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Karaj, Iran, in 2019. The samples (n=45) were patients with coronary heart disease selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups, namely CFT, MBSR, and control. Subjects responded to the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale for pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Both treatment packages were held in eight 90-minute sessions. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using the analysis of variance with repeated measures design. The significance levels were considered 0.05 and 0.01.

Based on the results, CFT and MBSR had a significant effect on cognitive regulation of emotion in patients with coronary heart disease. However, it was revealed that there was no difference between the effectiveness of these two methods and their effectiveness continues in the follow-up period (P=0.001).

Compassion-focused therapy and MBSR were both effective on cognitive emotion regulation in patients with coronary heart disease. It is recommended that therapists and healthcare professionals use the training of these two methods to improve the mental and physical health of patients with coronary artery disease.

Psilocybin mushroom, which is worldwide famous as magic mushroom, is a relatively well-characterized hallucinogen manifesting a diverse dose-dependently spectrum of effects on healthy humans. As psilocybin has been increasingly abused among the youth, this research aimed to review the effects of the psilocybin administration, which is considered as either a good or bad trip among the consumers.

This research reported a 20-year-old man who presented with severe thunderclap headache and consequent subarachnoid hemorrhage as a result of magic mushroom consumption.

The neurologic presentation of psilocybin could be various, which might lead to emergent situations as subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the notion of the harmlessness of magic mushroom was called into question.