International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

In this paper, the Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWO) will be used for planning a hybrid AC/DC distribution network, and results from the economical and technical point of view will be compared to those of conventional methods, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA). In the proposed model, the objective function is to minimize the Net Present Value (NPV) of the optimal solution. The planning will be done for an empty area, which already doesn’t have any distribution network, at the LV level. In the proposed method, the buses and feeders of the network could be AC or DC. Also, there are AC and DC load points and Distributed Generations (DGs) in the planning area. It should be mentioned that in this paper, the uncertainty of load demand and production of DGs has been regarded. Finally, after planning the distribution network as a pure AC and a hybrid AC/DC configuration for a 14-bus test network, NPV, loss of system and the convergence time of the GWO algorithm will be compared to ones from GA, and advantages of the prior will be shown.

Technology development and increase in residential energy consumption cause moving toward automation and smart home (SH) to be inevitable. Recently, PVs and WTs resources attachment and CHP and Battery energy storage to SH equipment come to some challenges such as output power uncertainty to the energy management system (EMS). Usually, SH has a connection to the city distribution system and can buy or sell energy from or to the utility at the appropriate time. Therefore, this paper presents the new robustness of SH EMS considering real-time energy pricing at the retail power market, which is solved using genetic algorithm technique. The objective function is the summation of CHP emission cost and energy consumption cost for non-interruptible, interruptible and thermostatic loads. Finally, simulation results and numerical studies are applied on test SH, and conceptual results are discussed.

Drivers of brushless direct current motor (BLDC) are widely used for industrial servo applications, including servo motors used in aircraft flaps, where torque smoothness is a key requirement. One disadvantage of torque pulses, however, is the pulsation that causes the speed to fluctuate, which affects the performance of the drive, especially at low speeds and sensitive applications. In this research, to reduce these speed ripples, the iterative learning method (ILC) is presented. Although in brushless direct current motors, a conventional proportional-integral (PI) speed controller suppresses the speed ripples to some extent, the use of this controller alone is not sufficient for many high-performance applications. The simulations showed that utilizing the proposed control to the driver of BLDC motor could well reduce the motor speed ripple.

In this article for controlling the height of the liquids in bottom tanks of the quadruple tank process system which is a prototype and an appropriate model of industrial processes, a second-order linear sliding mode controller is designed. The design of the linear second-order sliding mode controller which is stable is done to utilize the benefits of the sliding mode controllers and also reducing the high benefit and chattering in the control signal. To design an applicable and reliable controller, the real present criteria in the industry such as the presence of delay in performance of the pumps and liquid movement in pipes are also considered. To this end, the compensator of the time delay, based on the first order Pade estimation is designed for the model of “quadruple tank system with delay”. Using the controllers of the sliding model with the compensator of the time delay provides a control system that is not only persistent against the external perturbation and uncertainties, but also can provide an appropriate performance by reducing high benefits and chattering in the presence of current delays in the system.

Connecting distributed generation units with their proper placement in the network will have various effects such as increasing network reliability, reducing losses, improving voltage profiles, reducing transmission and energy distribution costs, and improving power quality parameters, including voltage imbalances. Since voltage imbalance is one of the common problems of distribution networks, this paper deals with the optimal placement of these resources in the unbalanced distribution system at different and asymmetric loads in the structure of distribution lines. Reducing the voltage imbalance coefficient, in order to increase the quality of power delivered to customers, has been one of the goals of optimal placement of distributed products in this study. Due to the need to carry out load distribution studies in unbalanced distribution systems, this study was performed using CYME-Dist software and the optimization process, by establishing a relationship between the software and MATLAB software. By introducing the multi-objective function to locate the distributed generation sources, in order to minimize the unbalanced voltage coefficient and real power losses, improve the voltage profile and increase the economic gain, the concepts of multi-objective optimization (Parato) have been used. Furthermore, the NSGA-II algorithm has investigated the placement of scattered products in the IEEE standard 13-bus network, at three different load levels. What can be deduced from the results is that by properly placing the distributed generation sources in the unbalanced distribution system, the amount of losses and voltage imbalances can be reduced. Also shown in a placement it has been shown that placing distributed generation resources in the right place will bring significant benefits to its consumers.

In this paper, considering the damage equation, tissue heat transfer equations and also the Thermal damage time (TDT) of tissue at a specific temperature, the concept of selective photothermolysis has been studied in an organized and comprehensive way much better, more effective and closer clinical results to what is actually happening in reality. Because in laser-tissue thermal interactions therapies, the thermal relaxation time (TRT) of tissue and the choice of laser pulse width related to that are important parameters. On the other hand, the effect of the damage function and its related parameters on laser-tissue thermal interactions cannot be ignored, because they interfere with the analysis of the effectiveness of laser-tissue thermal reactions. Therefore, while examining the theory of topics related to selective photothermolysis, and clinical conditions affecting laser-tissue thermal interactions that lead to the phenomenon of selective photothermolysis have been investigated.