فصلنامه رسانه
سال سی و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 121، زمستان 1399)

Topic and content diversity as well as easy access and publication of content, are among the main factors that have attract the attention of users to social networks during the past two decades. Variety of historical images and materials in general and Persian historical pages in particular in Instagram, have increased dramatically in recent years, attracting the attention of large number of users. Due to different level of knowledge and the social background of the followers of these pages, authenticity of most of the published materials, play both constructive and at the same time destructive role in historical literacy and creation of historical identity. The researcher, because of the absence of such studies, has tried to have a better understanding of this phenomenon and answering research questions by using a phenomenological approach and semi-structured interviews with 25 users of these pages.  In conducting this study, the users of such pages have been asked to express their views about the validity of the content, evaluation for sharing, encouraging for historical studies and contributing to historical knowledge of users about 7 Instagram pages, which have historical and private contents.  The results of the content analysis of the answers show that such pages with regard to content production method, follows the general pattern of the cyberspace networks and have not taken into consideration the importance of content validity in publishing historical materials. Their contents have not also been impartial and were openly bias and did not encourage the audience to acquire additional information.  Findings of this research work not only confirm the importance of joining and contribution of historians into virtual networks to produce authentic and effective content, but also emphasize the need for promoting media literacy and increasing the ability for analyzing content of the messages, by users

The present research work deals with the correlation between the extent and way of using Instagram social network and self -expression by the users. The statistical population of the study includes students of Azad Universty of Tehran in 2019 that according to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, their number is around 67 thousand. For this research work, the size of sample population based on the Morgan’s Table is, 384 people and multi- stages cluster method has been used for selection of the sample population. Two questionnaires have been used in this paper, first one, for the extentet and type of using Instagram (Researcher Made) and the second, for self-expression of Tavasoli and Jalalvand (2015). Cronbach's alpha test has been used for determining the reliability of the tool of measurements, which resulted in 0/86 overall reliability. Findings of the test of the hypothesis showed that there are following correlation between the extent of using Instagram by students of Azad Universities in Tehran: expressing feelings (5/43), sharing of images (4/65), personal characters (3/13) and personal view (6/76). And at same time it became clear that between the self- expression and the way Instagram is used by the student, there are following correlations: expressing feelings (6/77), Sharing of images (4/54), personal characters (6/32) and personal view (2/15

Today, traditional tools and media, including newspapers, magazines, radio, television and billboards, with their old way of publicity, do not create much attraction for promoting audience attention to promotional messages. Therefore, identifying the components and attributes affecting the media convergence model, is of great importance for improving effectiveness of conveying the promotional messages. This research work, in case of objective, is applied and explorative and for answering the questions raised in the research work, a mixture of qualitative and quantitative method has been employed. The qualitative data has been analysed by Delphy method and profound interviewing and the quantitative data has been collected by the means of questionnaires, factor analysis. For analysis of data and answering the question of the research, Smart PLS2 and SPSS of the Exploratory Factor Analysis has been employed. The overall result of the study shows that despite the positive and meaningful correlation between the variables of the research, frour dimensions of the media convergence model (media tools, distribution platform, media industry and media priority), the media tools have higher priority for conveying promotional messages aimed at attracting the target audience

The present study deals with the impact of social media marketing activities on special value with the mediating role of consumer perception. The research method used for this study in terms of purpose, is survey and applied. The data collection tool is a combination of standard questionnaire and Likert Scale measurement tool. To explain theoretical foundations and research framework, available books, foreign and Persian articles and graduation theses, have been used. The number the statistical population consists of 379 employees of auto parts supply companies in Kermanshah province. Using Cochran Formula, 191 samples were obtained and randomly selected from the statistical population members. Content validity and Cronbach's Apha coefficient were used for testing validity and reliability, and in order to test the research hypotheses, first and second type confirmatory factor analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equation modeling, were used. To analyze the attributes of social media marketing, we also used hierarchical ranking. The results of testing of the research hypotheses show that social media marketing activities have a positive and meaningful effect on special brand value through consumer perception

In recent months, the outbreak of coronavirus has affected the lives of all communities across the world. Because Corona is the topic of the day, the present study, using the theory of cultural-cognitive metaphor of Kövecses (2005), has examined the metaphorical differences of this virus in the headlines of the two Persian dailies, Etemad and Iran. The data of this research have been collected from all issues of different sections of Etemad and Iran newspapers from February 20, 2019 to May 20, 2019. The domains of origin, including vehicle, human, animal, calamity, obstacle, sword, object, commodity, race, living creature, force / agent, place, war, event, game, opportunity, and frightening creature were common between the two newspapers. In addition to these commonalities, metaphorical differences were also observed. In Etemad newspaper, Coronavirus was based on the domains of crisis, food, actor, cloud, drink, song and discussion, and in Iran newspaper, based on the domains of teacher, test, path, burden, ruler, natural force, prison, gift, life, season, puzzle, traffic light, tool and murderer, are also conceptualized. These differences between the domains of origin of the two newspapers are in line with the stylistic differences of Kövecses theory.

According to the Article 12 of the country’s Criminal Code of Conduct, any individual who has been wrongly charged and convicted by the Judiciary and then has been acquitted, is entitled to right of rehabilitation (publication of the acquittal verdict in one of mass circulating newspapers). This article is meant to restore the damaged reputation and this procedure also generates income for the Press, But there are some shortcomings with this piece of law which makes it ineffective and courts are usually reluctant to issue such verdict. The limited scope of publicity, means of publication, nature of the verdict, the party that applies for publication and relations with restoration of social rights, are some of the loopholes of the said Article. The deficiency of the law originates from issues such as how a publication could be considered as mass circulation, orientation of the verdict, legal persons, meaning of notification and lack of guarantee for publication and defects of law concerning the requesting authority, reputation, rights of third parties, apology by the guilty party, source of income and classification of crimes. This paper examines the ineffectiveness of this article of the law with a specific attention to financial problems of the judiciary and the high cost of publication as well as proposing a more efficient alternative law to replace the existing one

The use of social networks has become widespread in recent years, and students are among those who have eagerly embraced them. That’s why, it is necessary to analyze how students live through the use of such networks.  The present study is aimed at investigating the strength and weakness of social networks and their impact and influence on students. Addiction, anxiety, privacy, friendship, trust, cooperation and motivation are among the weak and strong characteristics of the social media. The research method applied for this study is survey and its data have been gathered using researcher-made questionnaires. The validity of the instrument was confirmed subjectively by face validity and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha Coefficient. The sample size of 80 people, were selected from Media Management students who were studying at the second semester of 2018-2019 academic year at Payame Noor University in Tehran- West.  The findings of the study show that students value the positive aspects of social networks much more than the negative aspects of social networks. Using factor analysis, the components of the questionnaires were classified into seven factors based on cluster analysis, which was named and confirmed by the strong and weak points of social networks. Recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of social networks, significantly improves academic performance of students and leads to more utilization of the strong points and find remedy and resolving the weaknesses existed within these networks