فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، ربیع 2021)

Many contemporary writers and poets have touched on the phenomenon of dystopia, or what we express in a corrupt city; in their poetry and literature, by highlighting its bad manifestations such as unemployment, extreme poverty, deprivation, wars and their dismal and negative impact on people. And fighting the corrupt authorities and governments that do not work for the good of the people and the future generations do not care about them. Dr. Ahmed Al-Waili, as he is a rhetoric orator in the contemporary era and nicknamed the Dean of the Husayn al-Husayni and the Shi’ite mobile library in the field of poetry and literature in the field of poetry and literature . I take care of the Islamic community in general and the Iraqi society in particular, the care of the reformer and the guide who declares, refers and stimulates his poetry and critical and effective speeches to reform and uproot these phenomena that emanate from the corrupt city, or replace the virtuous city to its opposite. In this study on the descriptive-analytical method, we study the manifestations of dystopia in his poem "Baghdad", and what he referred to in his poetry and at the end of the day we mention the most important results that we have come to

Malik al-Sha'ariBahar and Hafiz Abraham are two of the admirers who have shown their homeland and patriotism in their poems. Therefore, in this research, we try to rely on the American school of adaptive literature, which does not consider the conditions of adaptation to be effective and influential, to consider the comparative study of the patriotic and national poetry of the two poets about the homeland. A comparative study of the poetry of these two poets shows that patriotism and love of the homeland are the obvious manifestations of their thoughts. The patriotic approach in his poems is so extensive that he has become a lighter and determinative element in the content and language of their poetry.study of the poetry of these two poets shows that patriotism and love of the homeland are the obvious manifestations of their thoughts. The patriotic approach in his poems is so extensive that he has become a lighter and determinative element in the content and language of their poetry.

Yahya Al-Samawi and Marouf Al-Rasafi in (1875-1945) are contemporary Iraqi poets that in thir poems Controversy with Internal violence In all political sectors, social, Cultural and economic, And stand against and they want anti-freedom currents and the situation in Iraqi society they had played an important role in their poetry. Samawi and Rasafi, in revolutionary poems,are looking for a language to talk to all the people of the world and they are expressing the sufferings of humanity. Revolutionary culture is protesting and criticizing poetry that expresses social pains and sufferings. And it is a court to gudge and condemn the destructions, the revelations, the Anti-oppressions. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the revolutionary effects and their reflection in the poems of these two Iraqi poets in a descriptive and analytical way. The present study answers the fundamental question of which aspect of the revolution has been considered in the poems of Samawi and Rasafi, and which aspect of the struggle has emphasized? According to research, Rassafi and Samawi have paid special attention to the concept of revolution in order to achieve lofty ideals. And in order to achieve justice, freedom, equality, they have demanded its implementation in society and they wanted to make people aware by shouting protests and criticizing the kings of the time to fight against the injustice, oppression and hypocrisy in the society and to lead the society towards social justice.

Autobiography is one of the newest literary techniques that Arab writers are familiar with. This art has a special place in contemporary culture and society. Autobiography is an independent genre of literary genres that arouses human curiosity in discovering the obvious and hidden aspects of the author's life. The author of the autobiography deals with a variety of topics, including personal, emotional, social, cultural, and political issues, and in each of these areas, expresses his views, thoughts, and tendencies. Al-Ayyam is an interesting example of an autobiographical art that has aroused much debate. Some believe that Al-Ayyam is a novel and others consider it a combination of novel and autobiography. This article examines the characteristics of autobiographical content in order to discover the truth. As is common in autobiography, Taha Hussein wrote his own life story and followed the technical order of writing. In an interview with Raymond Francis, he stated that "Al-Ayyam" is his own life story. The author believes that the book "Al-Ayyam" is one of the most beautiful works of autobiography, but at the same time, Taha Hussein did not meet some of the conditions for writing it. It is as if he has not stated his purpose for writing his biography. Or that he is bound by honesty and frankness in expressing past events, but in expressing emotional issues he has used wise frankness or rationality in honesty.

Given the importance of learning Arabic conversation and its place among senior graduates of Arabic language and literature, this study aims to examine the factors affecting the lack of mastery of Arabic literary dialogue among graduates of this field and after recognition Evaluate the role factors of each of them. To achieve this goal, the survey method was used and the tools of this research were to evaluate the questionnaire of senior graduates of Arabic language and literature in Isfahan city as a census and its results as spss. The results show that the factors affecting the lack of mastery of master's degree in Arabic language literature can be classified into four factors, including: the ability to teach professors, the content of educational texts, teaching methods, motivation of graduates. Results The questionnaire shows that all four factors are effective in learning literary dialogue, but which factor is done according to educational principles and which factor is not implemented according to educational principles, which is the reason for the lack of mastery of senior graduates in this field of literary dialogue. which has been the reason for the lack of mastery of senior graduates in this field on literary dialogue, and according to the review of the educational chart of two levels of higher education It has been educational, and in the case of the realization of the other three factors, the educational directors of the Ministry of Science must provide care on a large scale.

Khalil Hawi is one of the contemporary Lebanese poets who have many reflections on contemporary man and his problems. His poems contain an echo of modern man and his struggles that speak of the pain, suffering and injustice they endure. He considers mankind in our time, especially the contemporary Arab man, to be a captive creature who has fallen into the current crisis, surrounded by oppression. He also addressed in his poems the grievances and crises that made the modern Arab man, especially the contemporary generation, stagnant, to the extent that his poems depict a deep crisis and tragedy, and this is the same crisis and grief that has become the basis of contemporary human existence. The contemporary poet is not ignorant of the contemporary man’s awareness of his oppression and his problems, and he seeks to explain the contemporary man with the human principle. Khalil Hawi has ideas for saving people in his poetry and uses and expresses his existential experiences. Hawi believed that, in order to save himself, modern man made freedom the title of his life and with slogans such as; Hope, waiting for a miracle, with certainty, struggle, revolution, uprising and idealism, he tries to work with these ideas, efforts and struggles in order to save humanity, especially the Arab man, and in all these circumstances he hopes to achieve the freedom he desires.