نشریه سیاست دفاعی
پیاپی 113 (زمستان 1399)

Iran's environment,which is perhaps the most sensitive security environment in the world, is full of threats and opportunities that affect our country’s national interests and security And in recent years ,global arrogance-frustrated with achieving its goals in controlling the Islamic Revolution-has put the creation and development of proxy warfare on its agenda in which the enemy is not one country or international coalition, but new emerging groups with complicated organization, unsparing financial and equipment support and the system of recruiting human beings with takfiri belief. With regard to the growing threats posed by these types of wars that have emerged in Iran's security environment ,And the fragile condition of neither war nor peace between Iran and the United States -despite relative stability over the past four decades - has always been talented to change and transform and has led to a serious possibility of proxy war or full-scale military conflict. Therefore, in this article, we explore to explain the philosophy of proxy wars in the new era. So,to achieve these goals, a descriptive-analytical method has been used and its statistical population includes published documents and resources which are available to the researcher. As a result, the proxy warfare is often used in direction of the goals of rival powers in order to avoid direct and face-to-face warfare, which can cause great material and spiritual damage. In the new era, it is also used as one of the tools to advance big goals.

The concept of defense has expanded when policy based on influence in the minds and perceptions of individuals has been replaced by a large part of military threats against a territory, and consequently defense strategies have undergone a formal and content transformation to the national defense to be based on a basis appropriate with the conditions of the day and the empowerment of individuals. In the meantime, one of the influential capacities is television. This medium can be defined under the concept of media deterrence. What has made this media powerful is its coverage, extension of influence, multiplicity of broadcast networks, programming genres, communication continuity, media consumption, and the daily needs of the audience. The purpose of this article is to design a model for institutionalizing empowerment programs through television. The research method used is exploratory mixed and using a typological strategy. The statistical population of this study consists of experts. In the qualitative part, the statistical sample was selected 13 people using theoretical sampling method and in quantitative part, 385 people were selected by random sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured individual interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed based on structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS software. The results showed that environmental factors, human, television, planning and audience characteristics can predict the individual empowerment variable. The results of the model test show that the proposed model explains a total of 62.7% of the changes related to the dependent variable of individual empowerment.

What are the consequences of expanding the use of armed drones by states and non-state actors on international security? This is a question that has been on the minds of many IR scholars recently. The unique drone capabilities such as eliminating the risk of loss of forces and remotely piloted, deniability, simple technology, surveillance, etc. is introducing it as one of the main option to powering projection. Drones have a direct impact on international security in at least two ways: first by emergence of new international threats, and second by improving the ability of state/non-state actors. In this article, these two levels are analyzed and examined. Also considering the role of armed drones in the security regional of the Middle East, we suggest some strategic points for the defense doctrine of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We conclude that the use of drones should be understood in relation to the military innovation move toward automated and robotic systems. So the role of drones will become more highlight in the future.

The outbreak of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in the late twentieth century and its growing influence in the region have raised concerns in some US-led countries in the region and beyond. In this process, the biggest concern is the empowerment of Shiites in the region and the threat to their interests in West Asia. Therefore, Western countries, led by the United States, have been playing a role in the post-Islamic years to this day in various ways, trying to undermine the ideals and goals of the Islamic Revolution in the region. The purpose of this article is to improve the position and role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the security arrangements of the region; The available data were collected using descriptive-analytical method based on library documents. The findings of this study show that the Islamic Republic of Iran faces three major challenges such as; It faces internal economic problems, developments in the region, including Iraq and Syria, and insecurity on the eastern border. Therefore, resolving economic issues (controlling inflation, unemployment, poverty and social problems), creating stability and security in Iraq and Syria and strengthening central governments in neighboring countries on the eastern borders (Afghanistan and Pakistan) are among the priorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Territorialization, which is a deliberate attempt to exercise exclusive control over geographical space, is an ongoing part of the activities of political actors in the field of international relations, which is linked to the history of human life. The conclusion of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and the rise of the modern state have linked the concept of territory to the rule and political system in such a way that they are bound to gain power in order to survive. The irreplaceable influence of the elements of geographical space on power is constantly an attractive and popular factor for governments to achieve territory. The present article, which is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose, seeks to answer the question of why and how the geopolitical domination of countries with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library resources. Therefore, by analyzing and criticizing the views of theorists in the fields of geography, geopolitics, political science, etc., and intellectual and philosophical schools related to the realm, which has the power to achieve goals such as domination, victory, influence and the creation of a global system. The world is searching for new and more complete theories on the factors influencing countries' geopolitical activism. The findings of the study, presented in the final model, show that the various political, economic, military and cultural variables are always in interaction with each other in the geopolitical domain of countries to occupy or monitor spaces with elements of power.