فهرست مطالب

Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Volume:29 Issue: 135, Jul-Aug 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/01/26
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Seyed Dara Hosseini*, MohammadRahman Rahimi, Mehdi Abbaspoor Pages 189-196
    Background and Objective

    Beverages containing caffeine have an anti-obesity function. Reduction of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation is considered an important strategy to ameliorate obesity compilations such as insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week caffeine supplementation on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of fetuin-A (FetA) in the liver and nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κb) and toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) in the VAT of rats with a high-fat diet (HFD).

    Methods

    A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, caffeine, HFD, and HFD+caffeine supplement groups. After 2 weeks of acclimatization, the rats were randomly fed with HFD (46% fat) and a normal diet (5% fat) for 8 weeks. The rats in the caffeine groups were gavaged with 6 mg of the caffeine solution per kg of body weight. FetA mRNA of the liver, Nf-κb, and Tlr4 mRNA of VAT were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

    Results

    The results indicated that FetA mRNA expression and weight gain in HFD+caffeine were significantly reduced compared to the other groups. Nf-κb mRNA expression was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the caffeine groups. No statistically significant differences were found in Tlr4 mRNA expression between the groups.

    Conclusion

    These findings suggest that consuming caffeine can prevent HFD-induced liver and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation.

    Keywords: High-fat diet, Caffeine, Adipose tissue, Inflammation, Fetuin-A, Toll-like receptor 4, Nuclear factor kappa B
  • Nasim Zangouie, Omid Akhiani, Hooman Ravaei, Seyed Ehsan Beladian Behbahan, Gholamali Javdan* Pages 197-205
    Background and Objective

    Skin flaps in the distal region lose their tissue because of impaired perfusion, which is strongly due to the ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and oxidative stress (OS). Reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing antioxidant capacity are the most important approaches to preserve flaps. Given the antioxidant effects of selenium, it is expected to be effective in enhancing flap survival.

    Materials and Methods

    In this survey, 30 rats were divided into 3 groups of 10: 1) sham group (incision of the flap margin without elevation of the bed), 2) flap surgery group (incision and elevation of the skin from bed+plastic film placement under the flap), and 3) flap surgery+nano-selenium oxide treatment (incision and elevation of the skin from bed+plastic film placement under the flap+nano-selenium oxide 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally).
    On the seventh day after flap surgery, the flap necrosis percentage, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured.

    Results

    Flap necrosis and the level of MDA significantly increased in the flap surgery group and decreased in the nano-selenium oxide-treated group (P<0.05). SOD activity decreased in the flap surgery group and increased in the nano-selenium oxide-treated group (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    The results of this study showed that treatment with nano-selenium oxide reduced flap tissue necrosis and lipid peroxidation significantly; it also increased SOD activity. Therefore, the survival of the flap and its efficacy increased.

    Keywords: Skin flap, Nano-selenium oxide, Oxidative stress, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Malondialdehyde
  • Mahdi Arbabi, Hossein Rahimi, Nasim Mehrpooya, Seyyed Abolfazl Vagharseyyedin*, Sayyed Gholamreza Mortazavi Moghaddam Pages 206-214
    Background and Objective

     The family caregivers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience heavy caregiver burden (CB). This study investigated the effects of a multidisciplinary supportive program on CB in the family caregivers of patients with advanced COPD.

    Materials and Methods

     This randomized field trial was conducted in the pulmonary subspecialty clinic of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, in 2019. In the present study, 92 eligible family caregivers of COPD patients were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. The study intervention included eight sessions. Three educational sessions on COPD were held by a pulmonary disease specialist and an experienced nurse in COPD care, two educational sessions were held on coping strategies by a psychiatric nurse and three peer support sessions. CB was assessed before, immediately after and two months after the study intervention. SPSS (v. 21.0) was used for data analysis.

    Results

     CB significantly decreased in the intervention group (P=0.01). It did not change significantly in the control group (P=0.63). Between-group differences, with respect to the mean score of CB at the baseline (P=0.66) and the first posttest (P=0.72) were not significant. The mean score of CB in the second posttest was significantly lower in the intervention group, compared to the control group (P=0.007).

    Conclusion

     Multidisciplinary supportive program is effective in reducing CB among the family caregivers of patients with advanced COPD.

    Keywords: Caregiver burden, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Family caregiver, Multidisciplinary supportive program
  • Mahshid Kadkhodaei Khalafi, Leila Simani, Maziar Shojaei*, Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili Pages 215-222
    Background and Objective

    Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. This study aimed to investigate the two training protocols in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and their relationship with the patients’ prognosis.

    Materials and Methods

    This experimental study included 45 patients whose ages ranged from 45 to 65 years. Patients were recruited by convenience sampling and purposive method. The participants were categorized into two intervention groups high-intensity anaerobic training (HIT) and continuous aerobic exercise). The control group individuals had no history of exercise. All three scores were assessed at the beginning of the study and after 28 days.
    SPSS 22 was used to analyze the collected data and the following statistical tests were performed: independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. The level was considered to be 0.05.

    Results

    The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score reduced in both exercise groups compared to the controls, in the post-intervention period (frame 9 to 7). The Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) score also increased in the continuous exercise group (from 21.93 to 23.4 in the HIT group and from 22.4 to 24.14 in the continuous group), while the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score reduced (frame 3 to 2) (P=0.001).

    Conclusion

    Performing intermittent exercise over four weeks can improve the overall prognosis quality of CVA patients by reducing the MRS score.

    Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke, Neurological scores, Outcome measure, Type of exercise
  • Hossein Mohsenipouya*, Fereshteh Majlessi, Yadollah Jannati, Sayed Abolhasan Naghibi, Ali Ghaemian, Alireza Sangani Pages 223-229
    Background and Objective

    Social support is generally accepted to act as a protective factor against stressful situations. However, the extent of its effect on the depression and lifestyle of myocardial infarction (MI) patients is not known. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the role of perceived social support in predicting major depressive disorder and lifestyle components in MI patients.

    Materials and Methods

    This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 on 176 MI patients chosen through the purposive and convenience sampling methods from the Heart Center Hospital of Mazandaran, Iran. The required information was collected by three standard questionnaires, including the social support appraisals (SS-A) scale by Phillips, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). Pearson correlation coefficient and canonical correlation coefficient were performed. The significance level in this study was considered as P-value<0.05.

    Results

    The findings of the present study indicated that social support could predict depression by 48% and a significant negative correlation was found between social support and depression (r=-0.47, P=0.01). Moreover, social support had a significant impact on lifestyle components and was shown to predict health accountability (R2=0.691, β=0.289), spiritual growth (R2=0.672, β=0.256), stress management (R2=0.285, β=0.122), and interpersonal behavior (R2=0.586, β=0.175). In addition, it affected these factors significantly.

    Conclusion

    Providing opportunities for further social support for MI patients paves the way for enhancing health-promoting behaviors and reducing depression in this group of patients.

    Keywords: Depression, Lifestyle, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Perceived social support
  • Saeideh Mazloomzadeh, Sajjad Biglari, Fatemeh Eskandari* Pages 230-237
    Background and Objective

    Attention to the mental health status of the elderly and their quality of life (QOL) is essential and an important factor in economic progress. The purpose of this study was to determine the mental health status, QOL, and their related factors in the elderly referred to health centers in Zanjan, Iran in 2017.

    Materials & Methods

    This cross-sectional study was performed on 228 elderly people referred to Zanjan health centers. Information was collected using two standardized questionnaires, including GHQ-28 and SF-36. The samples were selected using a random cluster sampling method and through considering the socioeconomic status of urban areas. Data was analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

    Results

    Of 228 participants, 61.8% were female and 38.2% were male. The mean age of the participants was 68.03±5.89. The mean and standard deviation of total mental health was 56.93±10.27 (a lower score indicates a better status) and the mean and standard deviation of total QOL score was 58.60±15.62. There was a significant relationship between mental health and sex (P=0.002), education (P=0.01), occupation (P<0.0001), and income (P= 0.006). Moreover, a significant association was observed between the QOL and variables such as age (P=0.001), education (P=0.006), occupation (P=0.001), type of residence (P=0.02), and income (P=0.002). In addition, there was a significant correlation between all domains of QOL and mental health (P<0.001). 

    Conclusion

    The results indicated that both mental health status and QOL in this elderly population were in moderate level. Therefore, providing educational and counselling services and comprehensive support from various support systems in the community is recommended.

    Keywords: Mental health, Quality of life, Elderly
  • Maryam Azimi, Morteza Mojahedi, Roshanak Mokaberinejad, Fatemeh Sadat Hasheminasab* Pages 238-245
    Background and Objective

    In December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was observed in China, and it it spread rapidly throughout the world. Iranian traditional healers have applied different medicinal plants to prevent and treat COVID-19 based on their ethnopharmacological knowledge. This research aimed to investigate the ethnomedicinal knowledge of Iranian traditional healers to alleviate COVID-19 signs and symptoms.

    Materials and Methods

    Due to the limitations caused by COVID-19 pandemic, oral interviews were conducted by 26 traditional healers in Kerman and Zahedan cities in Iran. The names of recommended remedies for COVID-19 were collected, and their scientific names were authenticated. Next, a comprehensive research was carried out in the scientific databases. Finally, the herbs with any related proved properties to the respiratory system were listed; these herbs were probably useful for the COVID-19 prevention or treatment.

    Results

    Zataria multiflora, Althaea officinalis, Hordeum vulgare, Malva sylvestris, Matricaria chamomilla, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale are considered as the most popular herbs by Iranian traditional healers for prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19. Recent studies have demonstrated that the above-mentioned herbs can be considered as good sources for alleviating the respiratory disorders such as influenza. Moreover, they have antitussive and immune-modulatory properties.

    Conclusion

     Since there is no effective treatment for COVID-19, the capacity of different traditional medicine and ethnomedicine knowledge can be used as good sources for new drug discovery after accurate studies.

    Keywords: Iran, Ethnomedicine, Coronavirus, Pneumonia, Complementary therapies
  • Fateme Borzoee, Mehdi Sajedi Khanian, Narjes Heshmati Far*, Leila Alikhah Pages 246-250

    In this study, thrombolytic therapy is described and a case of left subclavian artery thrombosis with acute clinical symptoms is presented. The patient was an 82-year-old woman with the symptoms of axillary artery thrombosis. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed and thrombolytic medication was injected via a catheter. In addition, a low dose of heparin was infused intravenously. Following treatment, clinical symptoms were normal. The repeated angiography indicated a good blood flow to the left upper distal limb. Minimally invasive methods, such as catheter-based thrombolytic therapy may be a suitable alternative for patients with viable limb acute ischemia.

    Keywords: Axillary artery, Subclavian artery, Thrombolytic therapy, Thrombosis