نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 57 (پاییز 1399)

Self-efficacy is defined as a person's belief in the ability to successfully perform a particular behavior or task. Many studies have shown that self-efficacy beliefs affect many personal functions, and people with higher self-efficacy have better mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy on self-efficacy. For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 14 students of Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University of Tehran were selected by call and convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The intervention was performed on the experimental group in 8 sessions for 4 weeks (2 evaluation sessions and 6 treatment sessions). The groups were evaluated for self-efficacy before and after the intervention. The results of analysis of covariance showed that cognitive hypnotherapy has a significant effect on increasing students' self-efficacy (P <0.05). The results of this study support the effect of cognitive hypnotherapy in improving the level of self-efficacy of students.

Eating disorders are among the most harmful psychiatric disorders, associated with important medical and psychological illnesses that cause significant personal, family, and social costs. The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on perfectionism and symptoms of binge eating disorder in female college students. In this respect, a descriptive-correlational study was performed and 214 female college students in Isfahan city were selected through the convenience sampling method and investigated in terms of perfectionism, cognitive emotion regulation, and binge eating. The results of the path analysis indicated that the research model was appropriate. It was also shown that the direct path of the perfectionism variable was not significant to the variable of binge eating disorder symptoms (β = 0.016, T = 0.218), but this variable was able to affect the symptoms of binge eating disorder through the mediating variable of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β = 0.166, P = 0.001). Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested to consider the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between perfectionism and symptoms of binge eating disorder and therapists need to incorporate this component in their therapeutic application.

Given the prominent role of the family in the mental health of child, it seems reasonable to predict family-based factors because the family is considered as a socio-cultural system that has a set of rules; So that the impact of family on members is such that many researchers consider them as a main cause of disorders. The aim of this study was to predict children's anxiety based on parents' reactions to their negative emotions with mediating role of emotion regulation. In this respect, a descriptive-correlational study was performed and 232 preschool children and their parents in the city of Tehran were selected through the convenience sampling method and investigated in terms of children's anxiety symptoms, coping with children's negative emotions, and emotion regulation. Multiple regression analysis and Bootstrap and Sable tests showed that parents' reaction to children's negative emotions affects children's anxiety by emotion regulation. Parents' reaction also predicted anxiety and emotion regulation, and emotion regulation predicted children's anxiety as well. It seems that just as parents' reaction to children's negative emotions play a role in children's anxiety, so does children's emotion regulation play an important role in their anxiety. It can be expected appropriate emotion regulation in children is as a barrier to parents' inappropriate reaction and anxiety caused by it.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common problems in children and adolescents. The behavior of these children is complex and controversial. This disorder can ruin person's life. The social costs of this disorder are also very high. Therefore, timely action is necessary for the behavior of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term play therapy on reducing emotional, behavioral and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For this purpose, in a single-subject study using a single-line method, six children aged 7 to 10 years who had symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were selected by convenience sampling method. Short-term play therapy was performed for 10 sessions with participants. Subjects were examined for behavioral problems in the intervention process and follow-up stage. Data were analyzed by within- condition and between-condition. The results showed that short-term play therapy is effective in reducing emotional, behavioral and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, short-term play therapy can be used as an appropriate intervention to reduce emotional, behavioral, and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Addiction is one of the issues of human societies that has created a lot of   individual, social, moral, cultural, economical and health problems. The purpose of this study was to develop a guide of motivational enhancement therapy and compare its effectiveness with behavioral activation treatment among substance abuse patients. For this purpose in a combined research, in order to develop a motivational enhancement therapy guide qualitative method of deductive content analysis was used. Specialized agreement was obtained for treatment guide above %90.  After the formulation of the package in a preliminary study the operational validity of the package was confirmed. Then during a quasi-experimental study with pre- test, post- test   and control group were selected 45 people with substance abuse in a targeted manner and randomly in two experimental groups and one control group of 15 individuals were assigned. Motivational enhancement therapy over 8 sessions and behavioral activation treatment over 18 session was performed on experimental groups. at the beginning and end of treatment were assessed for their severity of addiction .The results of covariance analysis showed that motivational enhancement therapy and behavioral activation treatment booth reduce the severity of addiction in people with substance abuse and  to influence different aspects of life these people are useful.

Depression in children and adolescents due to disrupting various social, educational, professional, functions and etc, its prevalence is an issue that needs serious attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention program on improving depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome. For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 40 students with depressive symptoms, living in Tabriz, were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 20, tested and controlled. Subjects' depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Mindfulness based on narrative ‌ group therapy intervention was performed on the experimental group in 16 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of analysis of ANOVA showed that the process of intervention sessions of mindfulness program based on group narrative therapy improved depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the results of this study, a mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention program can be used as an effective intervention program to improve depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome.

One of the most critical periods of life is puberty, which is a natural phenomenon in the evolutionary process of each person's life. During puberty, the child experiences a variety of physical and psychological changes. The development of physical changes associated with puberty, earlier than usual, is known as precocious puberty which poses serious challenges for the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experience of girls from precocious puberty. So, eight girls who experienced precocious puberty were selected by convenience sampling method and studied using semi-structured interviews. Sampling was continued until data saturation. In order to analyze the data, the data were first recorded and coded and then analyzed using the colaizzi method. The results of this study indicate that precocious puberty poses additional challenges in physical, psychological and social fields such as role pressure, suspension, and fragile self-esteem. It can be concluded that premature puberty in girls is associated with physical and psychological challenges. In the present study, it was shown that mental problems can go beyond physical problems and create more challenges for people and remain unsolved even in adulthood.

Chronic Pain is a weakening condition which not only exposes the person suffering to stress due to pain, but also encounters him or her with continuous tension and influences various aspects of his or her life and disturb it. The aim of the study, was prediction of Alexithymia based on early Maladaptive Schemas and Perfectionism with the Mediating role of Cognitive Flexibility in people with Chronic Pain. For this purpose, from the patients with Chronic Patients who have referred to Tehran hospitals, 300 people were chosen be convenience sampling and assessed regarding Alexithymia, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Perfectionism, and cognitive flexibility. Results of route analysis showed Cognitive Flexibility with the rate of 0.23 has negative effect on Alexithymia (p < 0.05). Among the areas of early Maladaptive Schemas, only the area of disrupted limitations in explanation of Alexithymia variance has 0.13 positive effect (p < 0.01). Another finding of the study showed that Maladaptive Perfectionism has the rate of -0.279 effect in explanation variance of Alexithymia (p < 0.01); and Adaptive Perfectionism in explanation of Cognitive Flexibility variance, has effect with the rate of 0.139 (P < 0.05). Ultimately, indirect effect of Adaptive Perfectionism with the effect rate of -0.035 on Alexithymia through Cognitive Flexibility is meaningful (P < 0.05).