فصلنامه راهبرد فرهنگ
پیاپی 52 (زمستان 1399)

The Arabeen Ritual March is one of the world’s greatest annual pilgrimage assemblies. In addition to the acquired religious experience through presentence in this march, participation in the voluntary gratuitous activates and services for the pilgrims is a referent of the concept of religious good. The manifestations of these activities and contributions to religious good have two spheres, i.e. Iranian and Iraqi. On the one hand, the Iraqis have the main contribution and render greatest chunk of services to the pilgrims, and, on the other hand, simultaneous with the increase in the number of Iranian pilgrims, their contribution to the services to the pilgrims too are increasing. Qualitative research method was employed and the necessary data was collected through interview and participative observation, including photos, films and field notes. The findings of the research indicate that despite similarities between the Iranian and Iraqi services and activities, there are basic differences between them regarding their management style, establishment of makeshift service stations (mokebs), role of government in organizing the executive affairs of the Arabaeen March, political and revolutionary incentives behind the religious good activities and the level of competition for rendering services. On the basis of the abovementioned findings, the connotations of the findings of this research have been discussed for suitable policymaking related to the way of government’s handling of the religious and good actions during the Arabaeen Ritual March.

The quantity and quality of creation of knowledge prepares the grounds for a fundamental change and sustainable and balanced development in every society. The present paper aims to analyze the perception of the university elites and scholars about the obstacles in the way of creation of knowledge in humanities. To this end, by employing the capacity of qualitative methods and phenomenological approach, the subject under study has been identified and its depth represented. The data was collected through targeted sampling (chain-referral method) and semi-structured in-depth interview with 27 elites and professors of the University of Tehran and analyzed based on Colaizzi seven-step method. The analysis of the data culminated in the identification of seven main themes: The cultural and social obstacles; economic obstacles; communication obstacles; individual obstacles; obstacles related to facilities; and, obstacles related to policymaking and planning. The domination of the advocates of quantitative approach over the educational and research decision-making processes has created serious challenges in the way of the formation of the discourse of creation of local or indigenous knowledge and moving towards the realization of scientific authority. While moving towards the institutionalization of the discourse of transformation, it is pertinent to put the following measures on the agenda: Replacing centralization and extreme emphasis on the production and number of research articles with the trends of creation of knowledge and value; revising and readdressing the policies; and consequently preparing a comprehensive action plan.

A combination of several national and international factors in different fields affect the content quality of cyber space. In this paper, the structure of environment and factors affecting the future of content quality in Iran’s 2025 Vision are analyzed within the framework of the French school’s strategic foresight (La Perspective), and, by using MICMAC software. For this purpose, interactions between 51 variables in seven groups (economic, political, social, technological, legal, environmental and internal key forces), which were gained through diligent search in the environment, were identified. The assessment of interaction between each couple of variables was converted from qualitative analysis to a quantitative figure and ultimately a matrix of interactions was attained. Structural analysis was carried out with the help of software in three parts: Direct relations, indirect relations and latent relations. The results show that the most important factors affecting the content quality are as follows: Users’ facilities (reinforcing variable), contradictory pictures of the desirable future (risk variable), free circulation of content in the cyberspace (target variable), Iran’s relation with the world’s hegemonic system (environmental variable), the future communication networks, and Convergent Technologies (NBIC - nano-bio-info-cogno provinces of science and technology) (highly effective latent variables). Also, 16 factors were identified as influential variables.

New findings of philosophy of science question and challenge positive concepts regarding the inclusion of conditions of knowledge, neutrality of observation and data’s independence from theoretical interpretations as well as the distinction between natural and social sciences in a serious manner. In contrast to positive approach, data, theories, and different disciplines, like ethics have expanded as a part of social and historical contexts. This outstanding effect has developed with the help of different approaches, including contributive postmodernist and neo-pragmatic approaches. The mentioned developments in the field of thought, directed social sciences and planning towards post-positivist situation and highlighted the ethical contexts of planning; this effect is traceable in the application context of planning. The purpose of this paper is to express the features of planning theory within the framework of post-positivism, and, also to explain the contexts of involvement of ethics in the field of planning, in its broad sense, as well as the way it affects the planning process. The result of this paper is presentation of the process of new work in the planning process based on attention to new ethical contexts that distinguishes this process from the previous ones, which were regarded as value-free. Also, for practical evaluation of this paper’s hypothesis, the dominant approach of the Five-Year Development Plans of the country has been carefully studied as one of the mid-term planning documents. The findings of the research indicate that value-freeness of these plans is traceable and it sheds light on the necessity of revision of these plans from this perspective.

This paper is concerned with analyzing the tricks of the Hollywood Cinema’s discourse formation when introducing the environmental problems and their proposed solutions in the Lorax animation. Descriptive-analytical research method was employed and by using the idea of juxtaposition and critical reading of the discourse of capitalist global system, the mechanisms of stabilization and consolidation of the Western semantic discourse system was decoded or deciphered. The Lorax animation, which is a representation of this discourse, tries to present a new profile of widespread environmental problems, culprits, responsibilities and solutions to the audience. But, the findings of this research show that environmental problems, like cutting the trees and air pollution, are just an excuse for legitimization of consumerist discourse, marketing for multinational corporations, and more importantly, promotion of humanism. Believers and theists in this animation are represented as impotent and helpless beings. But, through a clearer, more powerful, and deeper expression of thoughts and abilities of independent human being, humanism uplifts its hero to the etheric domain of gods until he/she becomes the subject of observational reflection of the audience. At the end of this animation, the audience will find out that for the first time in the world history, the Western discourse has appeared in the form of a just global system that is the output of “the profound orientations and tendencies of the social world,” and, without any need to the divine guidance, can provide man with various options of semanticization of a happy life.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize the components of knowledge-based organization. To this end, mixed method was used in two parts, i.e. quantitative and qualitative. In the qualitative part, meta-synthesis method was used to identify the components of knowledge-based organization. In the first step, 670 relevant researches were identified through searching the most important local (domestic) and global databases. In the next step, 40 researches, which directly discussed the components of knowledge-based organization, were identified based on definite indexes. Then, using the coding technique, related concepts were identified and classified in eight categories. These components are: knowledge-baseness supportive management; knowledge-baseness supportive culture; knowledge-baseness supportive structures and laws; process of knowledge management; knowledge-baseness supportive strategy; knowledge-baseness supportive environment; knowledge-baseness supportive information and communication technology. The statistical population of the quantitative part are knowledge-based experts and researchers and 18 from amongst them were selected through targeted sampling method. The required data was collected by couple comparisons questionnaires, whose reliability was confirmed by the knowledge-based experts. The data was analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and components of knowledge-based organization and relevant criteria for each one were prioritized. The result of the quantitative part shows that the “knowledge-baseness supportive culture” component with relative 0.221 weight enjoys the highest degree of significance.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of reality-therapy on reducing negligence and increasing self-regulation of school students. The method of the study is quasi-experimental and 16-18 girl students of Hassanieh Girls’ High school (Second Middle) of Tehran District 2, who educated in 2015-2016, constituted the target population. For this purpose, cluster and judgmental sampling methods were used and the data was collected through questionnaires of Educational Negligence (Atkin, 1982) and Self-Regulation Inventory (Pintrich & Digroot, 1990). The questionnaires were distributed among 100 high school students (grades two, three, and four). Then, using judgmental sampling method, 30 students, who had high level of educational negligence and low self-regulation, were selected and were randomly placed into two groups of 15 students: experimental and control groups. The experimental group members were exposed to 5 sessions of reality-therapy intervention based on WDEP; but the control group members were not. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that reality-therapy intervention significantly reduces educational negligence; also, the level of the marks of self-regulation of experimental group significantly increased compared to those of the group control.