فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال ششم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this research is to design a policy model for the development of the international transit industry of goods in Iran. In the first phase, in order to collect qualitative data, after an extensive review of the literature related to the research topic, a framework was developed for asking interview questions with experts. Then, 13 experienced executive experts in the field of international transit of Iranian goods were selected through purposive sampling method (snowball). In the second phase, the interviews were conducted with the help of Atlas software. T and was coded by Clark and Brown six-step inductive analysis method. During open coding, about 92 items were obtained as basic concepts, which were classified into 24 primary codes, eight sub-themes and three main themes. Accordingly, and in view of all the explanations provided by the interviewees; The research model was presented in the form of three main themes of foreign transit development drivers, environmental barriers and constraints, and foreign transit development policy.

The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors of the economy because of its vital role in providing the people with the food they need and the main foundation for achieving food security. One of the most important supportive policies in the agricultural sector is guaranteed purchasing policy, and improving the process of guaranteed purchasing policy is one of the most important factors of success in achieving the goals of the agricultural sector. The present study seeks to design and validate an appropriate policy model for the purchase of guaranteed commodities (Case Study: Wheat). This study is applied in terms of purpose and has a mixed approach. In the qualitative phase, a model was designed by interviewing 14 executive and academic experts on the subject of guaranteed purchases of essential commodities, and in the quantitative phase, the model validity questionnaire was extracted. Data were analyzed in qualitative part through thematic analysis and in quantitative part through structural equation modeling. To validate the designed model, a researcher-made questionnaire including model subscales was distributed among executive and academic experts on the subject of guaranteed purchases of essential commodities. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity by face and content validity. The qualitative phase findings of the study indicate the identification of the categories of inputs, cycles, actors, contextual conditions and implications of the purchasing policy assurance system. The quantitative phase findings confirm the relationships between components of the structural model.

In the last decade, demographic changes towards the gradual aging of the age composition of countries is one of the major issues facing societies and policymakers. One of the areas that is affected by the gradual aging of the population is the attitude towards the environment. The present study examines the effect of population aging on the environmental preferences of society and also the response of changing environmental preferences to the electoral priorities of voters. The research method is based on Kingdon (1984) public policy agenda model-descriptive-analytical that econometric models were used during the research. The information needed to complete the research literature has been collected from reputable databases of international and domestic scientific sources, and to conduct quantitative and qualitative analyzes, researchers have also relied on the design and distribution of questionnaires. The results show that as people get older, they become more concerned about environmental issues and have more environmental concerns. At present, the country's politicians do not believe that environmental concerns are influential in turning people's votes; But if domestic political activists realize the impact of people's attitudes toward the environment, they will adjust their election slogans and policies to suit the will of society.

The expansion of genetic engineering applications has led to controversial discussions over the monitoring of the release, trade, and consumption of transgenic plants. Such considerations have forced policymakers to enact a set of regulations to ensure the exploitation of its proven benefits and prevent the potential adverse effects of this technology on health and the environment. Iran as a pioneer country in genetic engineering has enacted the National Biotechnology Development Document in 2005. In the same year, Iran joined the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol, and the Islamic Consultative Assembly put the negotiation about the National Biosafety Act on the agenda. According to what was said, this article evaluates the achievement of the goals of the mentioned documents based on the theory-based evaluation, The research findings show that some of the laws and policies, especially the regulations about the national production of transgenic products, have not been implemented, and some organizations have confronted it.

The contradiction between the environment and the industry have always attracted the attention of many researchers, due to these domains inherent contradictions. This contradiction is meaningful, because on the one hand governments always seek to develop through industry growth and on the other hand, environmentalists and social activists consider environment as a valuable element underlying sustainable development. Therefore, one of the most important conflicts of government is revealed in policymaking in these field. In this research we tried to investigate the causes of policy conflicts in these two field by using the experts' point of view, and then ranking these factors using quantitative techniques. The five most important determinants of conflicts in environmental policy are: the primacy of political rationality, the adoption of short-term policy by the government, inefficiency of policymakers and environmental administrators, a rigorous look to development, considering the environment as a cost.

Indentifying the main factors of Irian’s Auto Industry faliure in competiion at global markets is the main aim of this paper. Evolutionary Institutional Theory and Historical Comparative Method are the theoretical framework and research method of this study. Statistical society includes all of the late comer automobile producers and statistical sample includes Iran, China and Mexico. The resulted data and comparative comparison shows that the conventional hypothesis (rent of oil incomes, lacking of comparative advantage at the time of establishing the industry, high tariff on Auto imprtaion at the first stage of industry and state ownership of the firms) are rejected and the hypothesis of inability of state in getting to sustainable high economic growth, re engineering the economic products through industrial policy and national/sectoral innovation system is confirmed. The last part of paper provides the conclusion and policy implications at three level of national, industry and firm.

Economical Transparency can be determined for governments through Corruption Perception Index (CPI). In this research with studying Iran and Singapore, has been tried to find appropriate Governance Model and its related policies for achieving success in improving government economic transparency. Based on this aim, the researcher interviewed with 13 political and policy experts which is complementary with analyzed formal documents. The research methodology is case study with descriptive-qualitative content analysis technique. For checking dependability and confirmability, research process and results have been reviewed and confirmed by 5 experts. Also according to our calculations, test-retest reliability was 0.84 and Cohen’s Kappa was 0.78 that make us trust to the results. According to the results, the best governance model for government economic transparency is “network governance” with 9 categories and 24 subcategories of policies.

The information technology revolution took place in 1990 extensive changes in the structure of societies were provided by governments, the government of Iran was not immune from these changes. In this article, after referring to the political philosophy of information technology based on the public policy approach of GM Schaferitz and Christopher P. Break the three stages of philosophy, doctrine and politics, within each structure (independent variable) by genealogy and qualitative analysis; Finally, the impact and role of government construction on the cyberspace policy-making process (dependent variable) has been analyzed. Iran consists of four layers of government (theocratic, democratic, bureaucratic and military). The existence of different layers of government construction and differences in philosophy, doctrine and politics in each structure have led to multiple policies in the Iranian government. Finally, a High Council of Executive Agents has been proposed to prevent duplication of work.

Individual emotions always play a significant role in the decision making process of individuals, In the same way that it can make an irrational decision; In some cases, these irrational decisions are very damaging and dangerous, Especially if these decisions are not specific to the individual and taken at the national and macro level of a country and in line with the general public policy; Therefore, in this research, by reviewing the scientific literature with the aim of identifying practical solutions to reduce the effect of emotions on the decision making process of national Policymakers with 27 parliamentarians selected by snowball sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a phenomenological way (theme analysis); From the analysis of the content of the interviews, two categories of themes were found interpersonal and Intrapersonal, The intrapersonal theme included two strategies to minimize emotional response and to dismiss a decision that was taken in emotional conditions. And consequently was identified 8 practical approach. And for the interpersonal theme, three rational strategies in decision making, decision-making in the form of council and rule in decision making, and so on, 10 strategies to reduce the effects of emotions in decision making which could be a practical framework for policy makers to reduce the impact of Disruptive and destructive emotions in the policy process.

The Emerging Concept of State Crime (Government Crime) Look at the ostensible behaviors of the rule of law that violate the rights of citizens, the destruction of the environment, the destruction of cultural heritage, the use of power, the spread of injustice, exchange and corruption.  State crime is closely linked to political, economic, cultural, legal structures, and especially not only to the executive, judiciary, and legislature.  Public policy in these areas has a significant impact on reducing or increasing government crime.  Criminal policy in the general policies of the national upstream legal system and documents in identifying these harms, prevention and control of government crime is more.  In this article, the concept of state crime and its examples, the role and position of the general medicine of the system, upstream laws, five-year plan, annual budget laws, in order to control Iran's criminal policy in the field of state crime are discussed.

The unintended consequences of policies are an important issue that is often overlooked by policymakers. This paper describes four case studies of the law of unintended consequences as it applies to government policy. These case studies include federal income tax, cigarette taxes, minimum wage and alcohol prohibition. The well-known result that government policies designed to bring about one set of goals often create unanticipated outcomes has taken on increasing importance as governments become ever more involved in social and economic affairs. At the end, author advice to policymakers to be careful what they wish for policies.

The present article is to introduce and review the book entitled Social Procurement and New Public Governance by Jo Barraket, Robyn Keast and Craig Furneaux, published in 2016 by Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, in the United States. Adopting a critically informed approach, this innovative text investigates emerging strategies for social procurement within the context of new public governance (NPG) as well as social procurement practices in Europe, North America, and Australia. This book also reflects on policy change and activities in the field of social procurement with respect to NPG and then delivers a comprehensive analysis of start-up, purchasing, and procurement from the perspective of social procurement, social value, and public value. This text is of theoretical importance for political studies and third-party management and even contributes to broadening knowledge concerning the intricacies of governance and management via networks, particularly the management of hybrid organizations developing from NPG and its networks. Additionally, the authors believe that social procurement demands the integration of new resources, skills, and relations between policy-makers and economic actors. Therefore, this article is of use for scholars and students of public administration, social entrepreneurship, and political studies. Moreover, it is to the advantage of public and private sector professionals involved in the design, implementation, management, and evaluation of social procurement activities.