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Space Ontology International Journal - Volume:9 Issue: 4, Autumn 2020

Space Ontology International Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Autumn 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/02/07
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Saeede Alikaei, Seyyedali Nouri *, Pantea Alipour Kouhi Pages 1-13
    Referring to the concepts of communicative theory, urban design introduced as an interdisciplinary knowledge that is involved in political and social struggles. so it cannot play a neutral and purely scientific role in practice, Due to direct interference in the interests of various economic and social groups. The purpose of this study is to identify the basic concepts of communicative theory and to examine the application of these concepts in urban design projects in Iran. Therefore, by examining the philosophical theories affecting the communicative theory, the basic concepts and how these concepts are applied in the process of urban design are set, in the form of a conceptual framework. The developed conceptual framework provides the basis for the analysis and evaluation of selected projects in the next step by using directed qualitative content analysis method. The results show that by placing the most stages of urban design process in very low scale, the projects focused only on the technocratic aspects of process, and concepts of communicative theory such as power and its role in guiding process, empowerment and acquaintance of the society with their interests and expectations, and how to participate and follow it up in the form of a process of social learning have been neglected. While communicative theory, as a missing link in Iranian urban design project, with the reformulation of the relationship between space, designer, people and the institution of power, consider urban design as a product of processes in which competing discourses, based on communicative action, maximize their understanding scope by accepting multiple interest, and configure space in a participatory process. Accordingly by Ignoring the theoretical knowledge’s evolution in practice, the knowledge generated in practice will be subsequently incapable to develop and modify theoretical knowledge and consequently increase the gap between theory and practice.
    Keywords: communicative theory, urban design process, Practice, Evaluation, Iranian projects
  • Hossein Rezaei * Pages 15-27
    Creativity is one of the most prominent humankind properties, which has a particular worth in human communities and has been a pivotal subject of many scientific researches in various fields of knowledge. Environmental Psychology is a leading scientific area related to this topic that studies the relation between the physical environment and space users’ mentality including the creativity process. In this regard, this paper tracks the answer to the inquiry, “What are the environmental factors’ impacts on user’s creativity and the role of architecture in orientating them?”. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is a prototypical determination of characteristics and mechanisms of creativity-inciting places to lead more creativity by designing places creatively. From a methodical point of view, the research is based on an amalgamated methodology to conclude a theoretic framework and validate it statistically in a case study. The case study of research consists of architecture learning environments where postgraduate students are questioned to describe inciting behaviors of their creativity and the physical features of stimulation of such activities. Due to the present survey, some special characteristics, functional spaces, and respective environmental affordances are introduced as the main features affecting the augmentation of creativity. Ultimately, they are classified and graded as some environmental attributes, by a heuristic factor analysis, considerably are seemed to be the main factors increasing the sense of place. It should be noted that the prominent aspect of this study is its systematic problem-solving approach and its findings consequently which are realized in two schemata: Firstly, as an expanded instrument for the evaluation of an environment in the provision and improvement of users’ creativity, and secondly, as the theoretical foundation of a structural pattern for designing creativity enhancer environments. Therefore, it might be cited the findings of this research points to a cycle of promotion: From Architectural Creativity to the Sense of Place and its Resulting Creativeness.
    Keywords: Environmental Affordances, Spatial Behavior, sense of place, Cycle of Creativity
  • Milad Mohammadkhani, MohammadReza Masnavi *, MohammadTaghi Rezaei Hariri, Mahta Mirmoghtadaee Pages 29-41

    Water scarcity is seen as a growing crisis that threatens societies, especially in arid climate regions. The climate change phenomenon and global warming have made policymakers reconsider their approaches towards water management issues in different sectors. Investigating sustainable management practices in the urban context, as one of the most important water-consuming sections is of great importance. In this study, after inquiring different features, principles, and means of sustainable urban water management, a framework of integrated urban water cycle management is codified to help architects and urban designers achieve or assess water efficiency in their design and planning. To reach this framework, principles of integrated urban water management and water sensitive urban design are asserted and practices are categorized into five sections: rainwater management, stormwater management, greywater management, blackwater management, and potable water management. Using this framework and based on the context of each project, a set of best practices are employed to form the integrated water management plan, although in some cases there is more than one correct answer. As a case study, the water management plan of the “Hashtgerd 35 ha. Young Cities project”-as an example of sustainable urban quarter pilot project in the Tehran-Karaj region- is assessed regarding the codified framework. Evidence from this research on water uses and systems’ functions, shows that a significant reduction in potable water consumption per capita from 210 liters to 75 liters per day could be achieved in this project; after implementing best management practices within an integrated water management plan.

    Keywords: Water Scarcity, Climate Change, Integrated Urban Water Management(IUWM), Water Sensitive Urban Design(WSUD), Hashtgerd Young Cities Project
  • Shima Feli, Farah Habib *, Azadeh Shahcheraghi Pages 43-56
    Today, the lack of milieu- behavior synomorphy is the main problem in public spaces that prevents citizens and other people from using the designed spaces in the city. The problem is also found in the design of educational milieu. This research tries to solve this problem as much as possible using the synomorphy in the educational space, which means the milieu-behavior synomorphy leads to the creation of behaviors tailored to the purpose of design in space. As an applied, descriptive-analytical research, this study tries to identify the spaces affecting students' behavior and their relationship with surrounding milieu using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. To do so, College of Architecture and Urbanism of Shahid Beheshti University, the School of Architecture and Urbanism of University of Science and Technology and College of Fine Arts of University of Tehran were selected for case study and then, using analytical hierarchy process, seven common items between them were scored. In this analysis, six indicators associated with behavior and space were selected by the researcher and scored by two groups of experts and students. Using the map of behavioral patterns, the conformity of the mentioned groups' opinions with the model obtained from gatherings in space was obtained by the researcher. Accordingly, the results from the College of Fine Arts and the opinions of the mentioned groups were consistent. However, there was a slight difference in the ranking of spaces at Shahid Beheshti University. And, at the University of Science and Technology, the difference was found greater compared to the other two. According to the research information, it was concluded that the sense of place and the aesthetic concepts were essential indicators in synomorphy, and physical and cognitive elements can be effective in improvement and manner of behavioral patterns and use of space by people.
    Keywords: Synomorphy, Educational Spaces Planning, College of Art, Architecture of Tehran, AHP method
  • Manuchehr Tabibian, Mahsa Mostaghim *, Shirin Toghyani, Amir Gandomkar Pages 57-75

    Urban transport is one of the main sub-sectors of urban development and planning. Every day, citizens communicate with the networks of pedestrians, vehicles and various types of transport and use urban transport to respond to a range of occupational, educational, shopping, recreational and other needs; so transport has become one of the most important aspects of citizens’ life quality. Unfortunately, in recent years, due to the vehicle route-based development, many transportational issues have emerged and as long as the urban development plans are based on vehicle routes it will not be possible to achieve sustainable transport. In order to overcome such problems, it is necessary to assess the urban transport from sustainability perspective in the first step and then propose solutions to improve existing conditions. The purpose of present research is to analyze the status of sustainable urban transport in areas which are located in the central texture of cities are selected as the sample and the current transport system of this area of cities has been studied. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is carried out with an emphasis on the relationship between the urban form and the patterns of travel using GIS and statistical analysis together. The results of statistical surveys show that commercial land use has a greater impact on the pattern of personal vehicle-travel compared to the public transport. Regarding the density in height, it was found that by increasing the density, people tend to walk more and desire to use personal vehicle decreases. It can be said about the communication network that the high proportion of spaces related to the network is increasing with the desire of individuals to drive with personal cars. For this reason, we tried to further assess this communication comprehensively and in an integrated manner through space syntax data

    Keywords: Sustainable Development, Sustainable transport, urban neighborhoods, Qom City
  • Amin Mohammadi *, Joseph Daraio Pages 77-96
    This paper aims to investigate the improvement of the energy efficiency of typical apartment buildings in the hot and humid region of Iran by applying passive and cost-effective solutions. For this purpose, a residential building, that reflects the current typology, is selected in Bushehr, Iran, and its annual energy consumption is explored using electric and gas bills. Then, a primary and calibrated model of the building is made using a real occupancy schedule and hourly weather data of Bushehr in Design Builder Software to simulate its energy performance. Considering the architectural design of the baseline model and using passive solutions (including low-E glazing, thermal insulation of external walls, roof and ceilings, and pre-heating of domestic hot water), a developed model is made. The simulation results indicate that the annual carbon dioxide emission and energy consumption of the developed model is reduced by 18.7% and 20%, respectively. These passive solutions can be used to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings to achieve low Carbon buildings and neighborhoods in this part of Iran. This study also proposed a new reference for the annual energy consumption of low-energy houses in the hot and humid area of Iran and the Persian Gulf region (75-76 kWh/m2/Year). Moreover, the economic analysis in this study demonstrates that the above-mentioned passive solutions will be cost-effective if the government subsidies for the residential buildings’ energy use are eliminated in this region.
    Keywords: Energy efficiency, passive Solutions, hot, humid climate, Energy simulation, Cost-Effectiveness