فصلنامه پژوهش های اطلاعاتی و جنایی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، زمستان 1399)

In recent years, cyberspace has been one of the factors that have played a great role in committing crimes against public chastity and ethics. This study aimed to analyze the role of cyberspace in committing crimes against chastity and public morality.

The purpose of this study was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive method and in terms of collecting statistics and field data through questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of all senior managers and officers of the General Information and Security Police of the West Azarbaijan Police and 78 fatwas who were selected as the sample of the study. Spss software was used for data analysis.

Findings showed that sharing content regarding incitement and / or encouragement and / or persuasion and / or threatening or calling for corruption and prostitution and committing crimes against chastity or sexual perversion, Content advertisements regarding illegitimate and illegal rituals and luxuries, paving the way for inciting and / or encouraging and / or persuading and / or threatening or enticing people to access obscene and vulgar content and ultimately dissemination, distributing and dealing with indecent content have played a significant role in committing crimes against public decency and morality.

The results showed that among the dimensions of research, the most roles in committing crimes against chastity and public ethics related to the content sharing component of inciting, encouraging, persuading, threatening or inviting corruption and prostitution and committing offenses or abusive offenses. Sex with a mean of 3.74 and the least role in committing crimes against chastity and ethics related to the content advertising component of illicit and illicit rituals and luxuries with a mean of 1.01.

In recent years, the legislature has attempted to criminalize various instances of terrorist acts such as moharebeh and corruption. The purpose of this article is to assess the status and attitude of the policies adopted by the legislature in criminalization and, consequently, to punish instances of terrorist acts based on their jurisprudential titles.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on written documents and sources by library study which has been used to collect information using filing tools.

While not observing the basic principles of criminal law and jurisprudential principles in the adoption of Article 286 of the Islamic Penal Code and Article 2 of the Law on Combating the Financing of Terrorism, the legislator's action in this regard has a fundamental objection; Because it cannot make the punishment of such an independent crime dependent on other crimes. In addition, other criminal regulations have been interpreted and approved in a way that confirms the lack of correct and clear identification of the components of previous criminal offenses in comparison with the following criminal titles.

Despite the passage of laws prior to the passage of the Anti-Terrorism Financing Law, it seems that the need to pass such a law is merely to create new literature in the realm of legislative criminal policy; However, in terms of legislative criminal policy, the legislator's action in criminalization is one of the most important internationally organized crimes in the realm of territorial sovereignty, a logical and strategic action. Of course, Iran's criminal policy needs to strengthen its legal, security, political and even territorial sovereignty mechanisms in the face of terrorist acts.

Social capital serves as a social deterrent and protector of society from harms, problems and social anomalies. Community presence, institutional and social trust, participation in collective rituals, strong social belonging, and emotional bonds between members of a community prevent the spread of crime and by creating an informal, spontaneous, normative monitoring mechanism, it prevents individuals from engaging in unconventional, immoral, and abnormal behaviors. The main purpose of this study is to study the effect of social capital on crime tendency.

The present study is a meta-analysis (quantitative) that its statistical population includes all researches from 2005 to 1397 (25 research documents) on the subject of the relationship between social capital and the tendency to crime. In this regard, 17 research papers in accordance with quantitative meta-analysis criteria were selected as a sample by intentional-judgmental sampling.

Findings show that there is a significant relationship between the variables of social participation (0.284), Social control (0.288), Social trust (0.315), Social cohesion (0.505), Police performance (0.436), Religious affiliations (0.238), Social awareness (0.378) and Social support (0.478) with crime tendency.

In total, social capital has been able to explain and predict 33.8% of changes in crime tendencies. Accordingly, by promoting social capital at the macro level (institutional-government and people), the middle (ethnic group, neighborhood and provincial) and micro (family, individuals and small groups) can reduce the context of individuals' willingness to commit criminal acts.

Today, the use of information technology and social networks in the commission of crime by criminals has been abused in various ways, to the point that it sometimes leads to fabricated movements and protests. Accordingly, in this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the effect of telegram news published on the BBC News Network with a criminal approach (occurrence of various crimes, especially riots and unrest).

This research has been done by quantitative content analysis method to collect information, checklist and observe units and categories of text. Its statistical population is the news published on the BBC Media Telegram Channel during the unrest in December 2017 in Iran. The sample size includes 354 news items published about the protests in Iran during 14 days and nights. The unit of analysis of propositions, words and the full text of news sentences and the category of analysis are the titles of the categories. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical (including the intensity, breadth and importance of the elements in the content) which is analyzed with the help of MAXQDA software and then prioritized by Friedman test.

The research findings show that the BBC media approach in its telegram channel has been to disturb the public mind, to lead the thoughts of people and certain groups towards disrupting social order and committing various crimes.

The results of the inspection and analysis of the analysis units showed that the BBC was one of the media that played an effective role in causing unrest and encouraging users by disturbing and disturbing it by publishing different news and analyzes in the context of telegram messengers.

Murder, as the most violent crime in human history, has a long history that has continued over time, and many factors underlie this violent crime. The aim of this study was to identify the sociological factors affecting the commission of premeditated murder by following the social theories of criminology in North Khorasan province.

This research is applied in terms of type and purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature using survey technique. Its statistical population is 20 people in two ranges of police experts and 38 people accused of murder. The data of the statistical population were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and after extracting the data; data analysis was performed in two stages of descriptive and statistical inference using SPSS statistical software.

Findings show that Individual factors with beta beta = 0.291, social environment with beta beta = 0.215, economic factors with beta beta = 0.199, and cultural factors with beta beta = 0.128 had the most negative effects on premeditated murder in North Khorasan province, respectively.

In order to eliminate sociological factors, committing premeditated murder from society, it is necessary to work in line with the inherent role of society in the excellence of human beings, especially the promotion of individual factors.

Sometimes, in order to escape the punishment of a crime, some murderers have deliberately made changes in the scene of the murder in order to divert the investigation and mislead the investigators. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for detecting fake scenes and the mentioned changes in the criminalization of murder.

The present study has been done qualitatively and with grounded theory method. The statistical population of the study consists of criminology professors, special homicide detectives and forensic experts who have been purposefully selected. Interview techniques and review of documents and texts were used to collect data. The data obtained from the interview were tripoded, centralized and selective, from which 176 open source codes (excluding overlap calculations) and 30 subclasses (including concepts and contexts) were extracted.

From the data analysis, there are four main categories, including the "process", which itself has a subclass of changes and behaviors that lead to staging, the cause and motive of the murder, and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim; "Facilitators" include two subclasses of resources and support system; "Barriers and barriers" include organizational and extra-organizational barriers; "Achievements" including success and crime detection and finally "staging detection" were obtained as the central category and then the theory of the foundation itself was presented using a paradigm model.

The results showed that the theory of detection of fake scenes in homicide homicide has four main components: "causal conditions", "process", "facilitators", "obstacles and deterrents". Its "achievement" component, that is, the detection of fake scenes and crime detection, depends on the superior management of these components.

One of the active sites in cyberspace is CouchSurfing, which operates as a "free hospitality" social network. Because the use of this social network, like any new communication tool, involves various threats and opportunities, in this study, potential security challenges through the activity of this social network have been studied.

The research approach is based on qualitative methodology. The study population included Iranian members of the CouchSurfing social network. Due to the qualitative nature of the research, purposive sampling method was used to select participants and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Finally, the content of the interviews has been analyzed and interpreted using qualitative thematic analysis techniques, especially content analysis techniques.

According to the research findings, in addition to the positive uses of this social network, most of its Iranian members complained of lack of confidence in other users of the site due to insufficient information available on the site. Also, the possibility of information and security abuses of tourists was one of the issues that users acknowledged.

The results show that while the positive and negative aspects and opportunities and threats of this social network should be considered at the same time, the need to educate and inform social network users such as surfing alley is essential to deal with security threats.

Organizational performance appraisal can be one of the key tools to help improve the current situation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the police in the plan to collect bonds in Shoush Square in 1396 using a balanced scorecard model.

The present research is a correlational research (descriptive-analytical) and has been done by survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of 102 police officers. First, the components and indicators were identified based on reliable sources and through semi-structured interviews with seven experts and in accordance with the canvas of the police organization and were classified into four dimensions of the balanced scorecard model. Then, the indicators were designed in the form of a questionnaire and distributed among the sample population. CVI and CVR indices were used for instrument validity and Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T-sample and Friedman tests.

Based on the research findings and the rate of t = 12.53, Financial metrics of the plan, Project implementation processes, clientele and citizens, Organizational growth and development are sufficiently desirable. Therefore, Project implementation processes, Organizational growth and development, Financial metrics of the plan, clientele and citizens are the priorities for the implementation of the plan, respectively.

The results indicate that the police should ensure proper accountability to citizens in the implementation of projects by eliminating the error of professional ethics of employees through training, and strengthen coordination between categories and departments.