نشریه اقتصاد پنهان
سال پنجم شماره 21 (تابستان 1399)

Due to the naming of the year as the leap of production, the issue of smuggling of goods in the country is a serious challenge so that the prevalence of smuggling and its adverse effects as a deterrent to development disrupts the implementation of economic, social and Government culture, ultimately causes economic record and the loss of social security, so the purpose of this study was the effect of new trade principles on reducing smuggling of goods in the customs offices of Fars and Hormozgan provinces. This research is descriptive and survey and applied in terms of purpose. In this study, using two questionnaires of modern business principles from Hajipour et al. (2015) and a researcher-made questionnaire on smuggling of goods, information was collected from experts and managers of customs offices in Fars and Hormozgan provinces in full (35 people). . Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to be 0.89 and 0.82, respectively, and the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to check the normality of the data and multiple regression tests were used to test the assumptions. Findings showed that both scales of modern principles of trade and smuggling of goods had a normal distribution and according to the obtained value, the correlation between them was significant. The results also show that there is a positive and significant effect between the new principles of trade and its dimensions and the reduction of smuggling of goods in the customs offices of Fars and Hormozgan provinces.

The phenomenon of Quido 19 (Corona) virus has affected the whole world and endangered social health. Meanwhile, smuggling of goods in any form and type can increase the amount of these damages. The subject of this article is the relationship between commodity trafficking and social health in post-corona using the Keynesian five-dimensional model.

To summarize the relationship between structural, behavioral and contextual factors of smuggling and its impact on social health based on the five dimensions of the Keynesian model in the post-corona.
 

This research is descriptive-exploratory in terms of purpose and survey in terms of method, which has been extracted using Delphi technique and with the expert opinion of 27 experts, indicators and components of the research. Based on this, the self-made questionnaire was adjusted, which was approved by five professors in terms of validity, and its reliability was calculated through Cronbach's formula and the coefficient was 0.87. Data were extracted from the researcher-made self-administered questionnaire through SPSS software and analyzed using regression coefficient.

The factor "grounds of smuggling" with a final coefficient of 0.795 and the "structural" factor with a coefficient of 0.794 have the greatest impact on social health, especially in the dimensions of "social acceptance" and "social prosperity", respectively, with a coefficient of The final will be 0.834 and 0.806. Therefore, in order to ensure social health in post-corona, it is necessary to be more sensitive to these factors and do careful planning.

Underdevelopment of border areas in front of the central regions of the country, security and unemployment and many other issues related to border areas on the one hand and the discussion of sanctions on the other hand, the importance of border markets in order to direct exports and imports as well as regional issues. The border is becoming more prominent. Considering the importance of Kileh border market in West Azerbaijan province, this study aims to formulate and evaluate appropriate strategies for the development of Kileh border market. The SWOT model was used to formulate the strategy. However, due to the limitations of this model, which is not able to determine the importance of each of the known factors and does not provide a solution for evaluating decision options according to these factors, a combination of SWOT model and network analysis technique (ANP) is considered. Network analysis has the ability to show the interdependence of factors (SWOT) and affects the weights of strategic factors, the weights of sub-factors and the priorities of alternative strategies. The results showed that among the SWOT factors, threats had the highest priority, followed by weaknesses, which indicate the vulnerability of the market; Among the strategies, ST strategies (diversity or strengththreat) also gained the highest priority.

Today, the criminal liability of legal entities is accepted in various legal systems. In the Iranian legal system, as a general rule, this responsibility has been accepted by the Islamic Penal Code. Some crimes are characterized by the fact that the legislator has adopted a differential criminal policy in dealing with them, and the approach of the Anti-Trafficking in Goods and Foreign Exchange Law in dealing with the crime of smuggling goods and foreign exchange is one of the examples of the crystallization of this differential policy. Is. This differential approach in responding to the delinquency of legal entities has also manifested itself. The Anti-Trafficking in Goods and Foreign Exchange Law, in addition to Articles 67 and 70, deals with the issue of criminal liability of legal persons in the crime of smuggling of goods and foreign exchange and the differential response to the crimes committed by them. Of course, the law on combating smuggling of goods and currency in this area has many ambiguities, the elimination of which is a necessity to achieve an effective criminal policy.

Today, the hidden economy and the smuggling of goods and currency are considered as one of the major obstacles to international trade and serious challenges to facilitate trade and competitiveness of goods around the world. This article seeks to discuss the interaction between commodity smuggling and trade facilitation and competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of smuggling on trade facilitation and the challenges in promoting its position and rank in international trade in order to remove existing barriers and improve Iran's trade situation at the international level. This research is descriptive-applied in terms of purpose and in terms of documentation method, which is based on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Commercial Empowerment (ETI), Cross-Border Trade (TAB) and Logistics Index (LPI). As a result, there is a fluctuating trend in all four indicators and there is an unfavorable situation in international trade and the country's exports and imports. This disorder has increased or exacerbated the process of entry and exit of informal goods and smuggling. In this regard, trade facilitation through the complete organization of the systems recommended in the Law on Combating Commodity and Currency Smuggling. The obstacles ahead are listed and suggestions are made for some of the most important ones.

The volume of smuggled goods in Iran is increasing day by day, but this issue seems more acute when a high percentage of these goods are counterfeit goods. Although the government spends a lot of money and measures to control the smuggling of goods and prevent the supply of counterfeit goods, these measures alone are not effective and the role of the people in not consuming smuggled and counterfeit goods is undeniable; Therefore, by identifying the factors affecting customers' attitudes toward buying counterfeit goods, the consumption and purchase of counterfeit goods can be reduced in society and, consequently, the amount of smuggling of goods can be reduced by reducing customer demand. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social risk, performance risk and legal risk on customers' attitudes toward purchasing counterfeit goods. Study data were selected from a sample of 202 students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Data collection tool was a structured questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha criterion (α = 0.80). Data were analyzed by structural equation analysis using AMOS software. The results of data analysis showed. The fit of the proposed model is appropriate. Social risk and performance risk have a positive and significant effect on customers 'attitudes toward buying counterfeit goods, but no significant effect was found between legal risk and customers' attitudes to buying counterfeit goods.