فصلنامه مطالعات جامعه شناختی شهری
پیاپی 37 (زمستان 1399)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate and identify social factors affecting the level of trust among the citizens of Kashan. the theories of Giddens, Putnam, Zetomka, Durkheim and Vinhoven were utilized in the construction of the theoretical framework. The research population consisted of all citizens (18-64 years old) of Kashan city, of which,  based on Cochran's formula, 373 people were chosen as the sample through a non-probability-quota sampling method. Formal validity was used to obtain the validity and Cronbach's alpha test was used to obtain the internal coherence (validity) of the items. Findings showed that the average trust of citizens (both individual and institutional) is 2.70 in the range of 1-5, which seems to be less than the average of the scale that was employed. On the other hand, social health, social vitality and religiosity have a positive correlation with social trust. The correlation of social trust variable with social health is 0.373, with social vitality is 0.305, with religiosity is 0.205. According to regression results, the studied independent variables could explain around 16% of  the variance of social trust. Meanwhile, social health with a value of (0.270) has the greatest impact on social trust. After social health, social vitality with a value of 0.136 and religiosity with a value of 0.117.

The phenomenon of street children and child labour has increasingly become a major  challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer a proper approach for its solution. Using data mining and content analysis, elements contributing to the causes and consequences of street childeren were identified. The questionnaries were analyzed using Fuzzy Delphi approach. Then using 3C model, approaches toward street children were sorted in three branches of Content, Structure and Context. In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by the experts, the strategic options development and analysis (SODA) method was implemented. Eventually, by  integrating expert's plans, a model emerged that consisted of 45 indices and 57 approches. The findings showed that poverty was the main cause of the occurrence and prevalence of this phenomenon, and structural factors or issues related to government and legislation can have the greatest impact on solving the problems of street children, and can lead to poverty reduction. Content factors are of secondary importance. The existence of various solutions in the field of cultural and religious arenas is also noteworthy.

Increased urbanization and drought migration along with climate change is a major global crisis that requires changes in human behavior. This article seeks to harness the capacity of the media in general and new forms of water-related journalism in particular to promote citizens' water literacy. Accordingly, the present study was conducted in an interpretive paradigm based on qualitative methodology and using the data-based theory, and Strauss and Corbin Systematic Approach Foundation. Through theoretical sampling with experts in the fields of water, media, social sciences and communications, 34 in-depth interviews were conducted. The main concept of this research was considered to be the promotion of water literacy. By analyzing the data, in three coding steps, causal conditions (31 concepts), underlying factors (cultural conditions, political and social conditions, media diversity, geographical conditions, economic conditions), intervening factors (role of professional journalists, independence of journalists, politicization of the press, ambiguous future of Iranian journalism) and strategies (media interaction, industry interaction, educational institutions, academia and media, press pathology, social capital promotion, audience sociology, confidence building, gatekeeper democracy, technological convergence and journalism, contiguous content, establishment of newspaper association water writers, agile media interaction, and the creation of water journalism in schools, educational institutions, and universities) were obtained.

The purpose of this study was to understand the place of media and social networks in the conceptual model of women's body management and the acquisition of modern identity. The research was conducted using qualitative approach, grounded theory method and the paradigmatic model. Data analysis was performed using the continuous comparative method of Strauss and Corbin. Unstructured, in-depth interviews were conducted individually, and the duration of each interview session was between 1-2 hours. 15 interviews were conducted. 67 concepts were formed and 21 categories were created. Interviewees were selected via a snowball sampling method. In this study, triangulation validity was used. The results showed that the modern identity was acquired through exclusion of the adult woman, psychological and mental preoccupations, and compliance with social demands. Factors affecting the acquisition of modern identity were identified as body-dysmorphic-disorder, the desire to reach the era of beauty and dreaming of the ideal body. Advancement of technology, people's encouragement and public acceptance were the intervening conditions and the acquisition of modern identity lead to imitating of media and reference groups and a search for beauty surgeons and hair stylits. The consequences of such actions and responses are addiction and dependency to makeup, showing the vertical mobility of social classes, showing good taste and creativity to others, and the spreading of a culture of consumption.

The spread of urbanization and population density have far-reaching consequences, one of which is the increase in domestic violence.The primary objective of this study was to develop a sociological model of domestic violence against men, using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. The research population in the first stage included experts in the field of family, of which 25 individuals were selected using purposive non-randomized sampling. The research population in the second stage included all men visiting the family counseling centers of Zanjan, of which 250 individuals were selected using convenience sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Using theme analysis, 59 open codes were placed in 7 basic categories. Furthermore, 20 indices were finalized using the fuzzy Delphi method. The content validity of the measurement instruments was confirmed using CVI and CVR indices. Next, the measurement models were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, the initial model was designed using the ISM. According to the determined levels and final reachability matrix and after determining the relationships and level of variables, they were illustrated in the form of a model. In the present study, the factors were categorized at three levels. The problems of livelihood, as the primary underlying reason, were categorized in the third level. In the end, the relationships between these factors were measured using the path analysis.

Culture is an effective factor in the behavioral arena of any society, which can be seen in its configuration and spatial structure. Finding a way to read past architectural patterns is one of the concerns of any architecture. One of these data mining techniques is space syntax, or syntax, which plays a key role in discovering the mathematical relationships in space communications and can provide a measure of space utility. On the one hand, home and housing, as one of the most basic needs of human beings and human society is one of the most important forms of social organization of space, with little contemplation in today's housing it is not possible to receive an outreach response and in that sense has been reduced to mere shelter. In this study, while introducing the Space Syntax approach, the concept of depth in indigenous Qajar housing in Isfahan is investigated, which is directly related to communications, spatial territories, composition and types of public and private spaces, spatial hierarchy and privacy. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytic and comparative analogy. It has been used with the GrassHopper and Space Syntax plugin to minimize it. Results showed the courtyard as a central structure which forms in the middle layers of the house structure and has the most connection, and spaces such as warehouses, toilets, staircases and corridors are the least connected and introduces it as one of the most private spaces, so the corridors and joints also have a greater degree of interconnection and connection than rooms, and are less in depth.

The decision-making and policy-making of managers and urban planners towards sustainable urban development is one of the most important policies for sustainable urban tourism.The aim of this study is to sociologically analyze the effects of the tourism industry on the urban development of the city of Qazvin. The research method is descriptive and analytical and the theoretical framework consists of sustainable tourism development and good governance .Using multivariate regression statistics and the S.W.O.T. technique, data were collected from 140 Nowruz tourists and 120 managers of hotels, accommodating centers, etc. The research tool had face validity and its reliability coefficient was 0.70. The results showed that the highest effective average in terms of stakeholders in the dimension of  strengths included People's agreement with the development of tourism (4.83), life satisfaction in the city (4.09) , increase in tourism revenue ( 3.80). In terms of opportunities, the results pointed to  Potentials for and variety of jobs in the city (4.64) , historical attractions (4.23) and active presence of women in tourism jobs (4). Weakness included lack of access and quality of accommodating centers (3.8) and (3.5), respectively, inadequate facilities needed by tourists (3.45) . Threats consisted of lack of coherent tourism planning in the city (3.63), lack of tourism investment in the city (3.58), change of use of Qazvin traditional garden (2.79). In the views of tourists, the highest effective average in terms of strengths included diversity of tourism landscapes (4.08), sense of security (4.05), climate cleanliness (4.04). Opportunities included multiple potentials (4.28), recommendations  of friends (4.20), motivation to visit again (4.14). Weakness consisted of Inadequate quality of accommodation centers (3.20), crowdedness of historical places (3.16), lack of access to information (3.19). Threats included lack of proper use of resources (3.03), incoherence of tourism management (3), lack of tourism investment (2.58). Therefore, empowering the government through social and cultural initiatives in tourism with a focus on cultural and creative industries is recommended.