نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 68 (زمستان 1399)

Moving towards sustainable buildings requires more emphasis on accurate assessment of daylighting and energy performance. This is particularly important for educational buildings, because providing sufficient light while preventing the glare and reducing energy consumption in these spaces is a major challenge. In this article the main purpose is the optimized design of window configuration in terms of daylighting and energy performance in educational buildings (primary school classroom) in Tehran city to provide integrated visual comfort components (increase illuminance and decrease glare) and energy efficiency (reduced overall energy consumption). In the process of achieving this purpose the basic models of the South classroom were modeled parametricly by Grasshopper and dynamic simulation of daylight and energy was performed on them. Then simulation-based automated optimization process through the Genetic algorithm was accomplished in multi-objective.The results indicated that adjustment of the conditions with a higher weight for daylighting performance is necessary. The best Pareto solution, based on the minimum distance to the global optimum performs better than base model, indicating that improvements in UDI, DGP, and EUI purpose are 11, 15, and 22 percent respectively.

Science and Technology Special Zones is a centralized collection of universities, science and technology parks, research centers, companies with superior technology, etc. These regions are formed in a geographical space and in an economic region with centralized management and special rights structure and produce knowledge-based products and services. These areas have theoretical and empirical effects on regional development. The present study aims to provide an indigenous model for science management with a passive defense approach to develop special science and technology areas in the country. In this study, the required literature was prepared through library study, in-depth interviews and expertise, and then a questionnaire was prepared and distributed in the statistical community. The results of the questionnaire analysis were performed by Spss26 software and Smart PLS software (structural equation modeling). The results of the research showed the recognition of injuries; Recognize threats; Increase deterrence; Continuity of service and promotion of national sustainability are the main dimensions of the indigenous model of science management with a passive defense approach. Also, according to the rankings, science and technology and social responsibility are the most important components

The tourism industry has extensive connections with the economic, social and other sectors. The Islamic Republic of Iran is in the top 10 countries in the world in terms of tourist attractions, but in terms of tourist attraction, not only among the countries of the world but also among the Middle East countries does not have a worthy and desirable position. Development requires managerial, economic, social, institutional and structural development, which has unfortunately been neglected. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social and economic components in the development of Horand tourism. This research is of an applied type considering that it will develop applied knowledge in a specific field. Since this research intends to describe the development of the tourism industry with a historical-cultural, climatic, geographical and socio-economic approach, it will be a survey. Sampling in this study is random and 385 people. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between climatic and geographical factors, social and economic factors, cultural and historical factors and tourism development in the Horand region. The results show that 28% of changes in tourism development are explained by changes in social and economic factors.

Social capital is a huge conceptual that today in the analysis of social - economic, raised on rural development. The purpose of this paper is to show the role of social capital in rural development. The method is descriptive - analytical and data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The study, in 1762 the head of household, the village of Hasan Abad, which sample surveyed 210 households Review was taken. Data analysis in the software SPSS, and structural equation modeling (SEM), is done. The first two models, factor analysis, two sub-scales for measuring social capital, developed and validated. Finally, the impacts of observed variables, and binary components derived from them, the main hidden social capital and the relationships between them, with the help of a structural model of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), three second order factor was analyzed. The results of the fit, and reliability both measures of social capital, and goals, and the second three-factor model for studying social capital, based on the data gathered. Participation and social trust, respectively, to the 65/0 and 78/0, had an impact on social capital. The results can, in rural planners, to improve social capital and, ultimately, contribute to the development of rural areas.

Region 17 of Tehran Municipality is the second district in terms of population density and 80% of worn and unstable tissue in terms of physical tissue type. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is proper crisis management in Region 17 of Tehran Municipality, using a descriptive-analytical method and using a weighted overlap model in the GIS environment. To achieve this goal, the vulnerable areas in this area were first zoned and then from several layers including population density, quality of buildings, proximity to roads, proximity to open spaces, medical centers, fire stations and... was used in the study area. The results of the research show that the opportunities of the range are more than the threats and the weaknesses of the range are more than the strengths and the acceptable strategy for the optimal management of the earthquake crisis is in the range of the review strategy and then the defensive strategy. And in order to organize these contexts, all aspects of it, such as the social and cultural context formed in these contexts, must take into account the participation of the people in all stages, including planning and implementation.

The present study was written with an applied-developmental goal according to the descriptive-analytical research method. After statistical and quantitative analysis to identify strategies, the qualitative method was used in accordance with the combination-chain method. Field studies were conducted with purposeful interviews, preparation of plans and imaging. The researcher-made questionnaire was sent to the statistical community in two stages. After collecting the questionnaires, using fuzzy Delphi technique, it was confirmed in two steps. Then, by modeling structural equations in SmartPLS software, the significance of the criteria was confirmed. Then, with BWM model, the criteria were ranked in SPSS and Matlab software. As a result, the security factor with a score of 0.436 was ranked first, the spatial privacy factor with a score of 0.321 was ranked second, and the existence of necessary facilities for social interactions with a score of 0.243 was ranked third.

The old texture of cities often includes monuments and historical sites. Today, successful managers seek to revitalize historic sites by referring to indigenous urban planning, the use of mixed uses, prioritizing public transportation and pedestrian traffic, providing a healthy living environment, creating sustainable economic prosperity, and local employment. Attract local participation and attention to cultural heritage and tourism. The present study uses library and field studies and observations to express the importance of the historical context of Tabriz. The purpose of this study is to explain the solution for revitalizing and recreating the historical context of the city of Tabriz and benefiting from the valuable urban space with human-centered procedures. Undoubtedly, by reviving and revitalizing the spaces of historical and cultural value of Tabriz, the necessary ground and platform for sustainable urban development can be provided. Finally, the mentioned factors will cause the prosperity and vitality of the city, especially in its cultural-historical axis, using the participation of local citizens and the creative class and the desirable and acceptable promotion of living space in the historical context of contemporary cities.