فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، بهار 1400)

New technology has already changed our interpretation of Persian house. Theory of integration in the high-performance architecture theory shows that the different elements of Iranian house enjoy unity, despite their differences. The research aims to study the most important elements of Persian house based on Islamic-Iranian life style based on a holistic approach.

The purposive sampling method is developed among the case from the central parts of Iran such as Isfahan, Kashan, Yazd and Ardakan; in order to calculate the area, the module and the period of building the house. Research tool was scientific documentation and survey. The data analysis is based on descriptive-analytical understanding of mathematical space syntax.

Comparison of the principles considered in the selected samples by the syntactic tools of space, showed that these principles always exist in the spatial structure of Iranian housing. Furthermore, the results of the research emphasize on the high-performance architecture theory principles such as: 1- hierarchy, 2- privacy, 3- transparency and 4- centralization.

The spatial structure of Persian house and Iranian housing is a manifestation of the theory of integration, which is arranges around a central courtyard. The essence of Persian house is depending on the climate as an influential factor, shows different appearance. The Persian house is a technologic-climatic interpretation of Iranian-Islamic lifestyle.

In the architecture of traditional houses, the environment used to be formed by the mutual interaction of human beings and nature. With the emergence of environmental crises in the contemporary world, the integration of natural and human processes became the most important ecological issue in the domain of sustainability. The aim of the current study is to recognize those ecological criteria of traditional houses which can be productive in the contemporary world so as to arrive at ecological solutions based on the thermal behavior of these houses in cold regions.

These factors are investigated in two traditional houses in Ardabil using descriptive methods, field observations, and quantitative analyses.

The investigation of the most critical climatic condition of the region is indicative of the thermal resistance of the rooms against temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, the analysis of the architectural features taken from physical environment (topography, climate) and structural environment (building form, spatial organization, material, landscape, infrastructure) shows that there is an optimal interaction between these components. The recognition of these architectural features can also provide ecological solutions.

The results of the assessment of the ecological criteria in the houses are also indicative of their conformity with the environment.In fact,these structures have overcome climatic effects via the use of natural resources in a way that rooms like shahneshin and basement which have seasonal function, have optimal performance against temperature fluctuations. For example, in a sample shahneshin room in smaller dimensions, the minimum difference between the inside and outside temperature is 13 °C

The aesthetic function of the building form is one of the concerns of the monument designer, which is generally overshadowed by various issues such as economic, political, cultural conditions, etc. The aim of this study is to discuss how materials and construction technology affect beauty as one of the key issues in this field. Another goal is to investigate the impact of materials and construction technology on the aesthetic function of the form of monuments.

To process complexity, we first used the results of research that, by logical reasoning, generalized Lumanchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s theoretical framework of social systems, which claims to reduce complexity through distinction and differentiation; Then, the effect of each of the characteristics and the relationships between them are determined by Dematel method.

The Findings were evaluated based on the method of fuzzy network analysis process, the effect of factors affecting the beauty of the form, and four monuments were evaluated and ranked accordingly. Findings were analyzed in case studies of Khayyam, Buchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))ali, Nader and Babatahir tombs, in self-referential elements (visual elements and communication elements), other referential elements (mental elements), and understanding (practical elements).

The conclusion shows that type of material is the most impressionable criterion and shape is the most influential criterion in choosing a beautiful form. In a situation that new materials create a new shape or traditional materials are used in a new way, it will have a positive effect on the aesthetic evaluation of the form.

For this purpose, field study and data recording in two parts, and different environmental situation in one micro climate.

crowded places were studied to 18 days from the first day of shahrivar to 18th of shahrivar; two categories were created: the first Baghe fin open spaces and the second historical textures open spaces. After finishing library studies, physical presence in the texture and conducting field study (observation, and data collection of site) simultaneously the responses of 788 of inhabitants and tourists to the questionnaires  (environmental and thermal situations), climate parameters (temperature, air flow speed, moisture, co, co2) were recorded. Then the dress rate and the metabolism of people was computed with delta log10 software, and after collecting and analyzing the data with spss24 software, thermal comfort of respondents based on UTCI was determined by Ray Man software.

The finding shows that the respondents in the whole surrounding of the study experienced thermal comfort between 20,23 and 35,61 centigrade degree. Also thermal comfort scope in Baghe fin between 19,45 to 37,63 and in historical texture between 18,5 to 35,16 centigrade.

  The results of this study showed that the scope of thermal comfort in Baghe fin is higher the that of Kashan historical texture about 1,52 centigrade.

Due to high building density and lack of adequate open space in large and growing cities, the possibility of developing green spaces as elements controlling air pollution and urban heat island has decreased. One possible solution is to use the vertical surfaces of buildings to develop vertical greeneries. The right choice of vertical greenery systems according to internal and external factors affecting the system is the key to their success and development. This choice includes the correct choice of each of the four components of the system, including plants, growing media, supporting system, and irrigation/ drainage systems.

In this study, the factors affecting the selection of these systems were collected and explained through field observation and review and analysis of previous researches and were divided into four general categories based on the effect on each of the main components. Then, through a questionnaire from green wall experts, the prioritization of these factors was evaluated using the Five-point Likert scale. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbachchr (chr(chr (chr('39') 39chr('39')) 39chr (chr('39')39chr('39'))) 39chr (chr(chr('39' ) 39chr('39')) 39chr(chr('39') 39chr('39')))) s Alpha, Friedman, and Spearmanchr (chr(chr(chr('39') 39chr('39')) 39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))) ) s correlation tests, and presented.

The results showed that external factors: "budget", "type of selected plants", "type of vertical greenery system" and "climatic conditions (temperature and humidity)" and also the internal factor: "structural characteristics and building materials" have had the greatest impact on the choice of these systems.

Paying attention to the importance of each of these factors and the prioritizations can help in organized decision making and optimal selection of vertical greenery systems.

Understanding the climate of a region can create an architecture that is consistent with it. Therefore, in this paper, the architectural compatibility of the village of Meymand Troglodytic has been identified as the key element of the research. The main purpose of this study is to determine the degree of adaptation of the climate element of temperature to the architecture of Meymand Troglodytic village in the heat period.

Correlation research method based on field measurements was used. Field measurements were performed on 3 August and 4 August 2019 as representative of the heat period. The temperature variable in the village of Meymand was collected by a data logger and it should be noted that the measurements were made at 6 am and 3 pm to obtain maximum and minimum temperatures.

The results of the Givoni bioclimatic diagram showed that there was a significant difference between the minimum and maximum temperatures on harvest days. Architectural findings of Meymand Troglodytic village showed that the excavated buildings in the mountain utilize high heat capacity of the soil, which can be most consistent with the climate element in the heat period. Also, the presence of suitable horizontal and frame shades, lack of high openings are other important physical factors in accordance with the climate of Meymand village in terms of temperature.

In conclusion, it can be said that almost all of the buildings in the village of Meymand are associated with the climate element of temperature during the heat period.

A new generation of building materials is produced using computing and digital methods. Recombinant building materials have created new perspectives. The main purpose of research is to study, analyze and prioritize the computing of new materials in accordance with environment. The practical purpose of the research is to explain the concept and present strategies based on the use of appropriate materials to achieve the model of "healthy city".

It is qualitative-quantitative research in terms of methodology. Qualitative steps lead to the explanation of the conceptual framework of the research, and quantitative steps lead to prioritization of the strategies base on online questionnaire. Kappa coefficient has been used to confirm the reliability. A total of 386 questionnaires were collected and the results were analyzed using Spearman correlation.

Among the ten items extracted about the new materials used, four items with a high degree of significance were obtained: 1- Exposure to direct sunlight, 2- Material health (MSDS), 3- Ease of replacement and replacement, and 4- Degree of moisture absorption, respectively. 

The increasing risk of pandemics shows that the concept of the healthy city is not possible without the computing of new materials; an interdisciplinary field that requires a combined approach of green chemistry, biocomputing and materials-based computing. Computing new materials is an effective way to achieve the healthy city which is in need of "environmental education" and the "healthy city management" skill development.