فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی
سال سی و ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 139، زمستان 1399)

One of the issues that greatly contribute to social comfort and welfare is security and analysis of related components. This study aimed to investigate social pathology and analyze indicators related to Iranchr('39')s social security using the combined solution technique. 

This analytical study was conducted using the data of the statistical yearbook of science and culture of Iran in 2018 in all provinces of Iran. CoCoSo multi-criteria decision-making technique and three strategies of the combined compromise solution model were used to analyze the data.

In the first strategy, Tehran (0.007), Mazandaran (0.030) and Fars (0.031) provinces had the lowest and Ardabil, Bushehr, South Khorasan, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Markazi and Yazd provinces (all 0.034) had the highest points. In the second strategy, Tehran province (2) had the lowest, and Bushehr province (10.604) gained the most points. In the third strategy, Tehran province (0.216) had the lowest, and Bushehr, Qazvin, and North Khorasan provinces jointly (all 1) gained the most points.

Based on the combined results of the three strategies, Bushehr province is in the first place with 4,588 points and is relatively the safest province in Iran in the studied indicators.

Security is one of the basic pillars of urban spaces in order to ensure the welfare and comfort of citizens. Some urban spaces, due to their specific functional and physical characteristics, become spaces for crime and insecurity, and are considered as a defenseless space. The historical context of Oudlajan neighborhood of Tehran has created insecure and defenseless spaces due to the existence of some special physical-functional features. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify and study defenseless spaces in Oudlajan neighborhood of Tehran.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of method. Data collection is based on field-dominated Library Studies, which use observation, questionnaire, interview and photography tools in the field section. The statistical population is the entire population of Oudlajan neighborhood, which according to Cochranchr('39')s formula, 374 people have been identified as a sample population. Data analysis was performed SPSS software (sample T_tests, ANOVA and Friedman).

Defenseless spaces in Oudlajan neighborhood are undesirable due to the high average value. Also, in comparison between Oudlajan neighborhoods, Imamzadeh Yahya neighborhood is in a better position than the other two neighborhoods. In Friedmanchr('39')s prioritization, the functional-physical, visual dimensions are ranked first and second, respectively.

The results indicate that there are 72 defenseless spaces in Oudlajan neighborhood, so through strategies such as infrastructure development, cultural and sports facilities with the help of people and local institutions can play an effective role in organizing and returning security to the neighborhood.

Today, soil erosion and sediment production are considered a danger to humans and their lives, so in areas where soil erosion is not controlled, soils gradually erode and lose their fertility. The aim of this study is to model the relationship between the amount of suspended sediment load and the geomorphic features of the Nirchai River Basin.

In this study, GIS was used to extract geomorphic features and its relationship with sedimentation. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between geomorphic characteristics and sedimentation of each sub-basin. The results of investigating the relationship between geomorphic characteristics and sediment in sub-basins showed that the amount of sediment produced had a positive correlation with the volume of flow and the form factor of the basin and was significant at the level of 5 percent. Also, in order to identify the factors affecting the amount of sediment in the basin among the existing variables, the principal component analysis method was used.

The results show that among 25 variables affecting sediment production, four factors of area, basin coefficient, environment and discharge were 37/78, 25/47, 18/5 and 11/22 percent of variance of all variables of research.

Therefore, it is concluded that in total, all the effective factors of the four final extracted factors were able to explain 92.9 percent of the variance of all research variables.

Assessing the vulnerability of urban areas to surface water is of particular importance. Destruction of the watershed upstream of urban areas with the destruction of vegetation and road construction and the uncontrolled expansion of urban and industrial lands reduces the infiltration and increases running water, and carries the risk of floods. This study aimed to evaluate the resilience status of the Mashhad water and electricity neighborhood against flood risk.

This descriptive study was conducted in 2020. Data collection was performed through library studies, Internet search, and databases, and the required data were extracted from the SWMM model for runoff simulation by combining the Hec-Ras hydraulic model in ARC-GIS software.

In the study area, low rainfall and short time but with high instantaneous intensities produced higher waterfall peaks than higher rainfall and longer time but with lower instantaneous intensities.

The location to determine the boundary of the floodplain is located on the left side of Laden Boulevard (between Laden 12 to the water and electricity grid), which, even with normal rain, fills the riding area to the edge of the asphalt with water. The northern part of the neighborhood, especially the northeastern part, is more at risk of flooding.

The concept of redevelopment is accompanied by measures and forecasts to improve the quality of citieschr('39') physical environment. This is necessary when the cohesion, coordination and performance of the urban environment are diminished and do not meet the needs of the environment. Brownfields are, including abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. This unstable land as urban areas have led to environmental degradation, social segregation, and incidence of identity and instability in the cities have been. Despite these problems, it is important to pay attention to and identify these areas and evaluate them for purposeful and sustainable intervention in these lands. This studychr('39')s main issue was to identify the indicators for the definition of brownfields in the metropolis of Mashhad and to determine the criteria for prioritizing the redevelopment of these lands.
This research is applied in terms of purpose and method, based on consecutive analytical and exploratory strategy. Furthermore, for analysis, using Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System and its hybrid models (TOPSIS, SAW).
Based on analyzes performed and components and indicators Obtained from available sources, a conceptual model with five components and 30 indicators and the weight of each category and the importance of the issues were determined.
The results indicate that the redevelopment of brownfield in the Mashhad creates countless opportunities to revitalize and regenerate urban activities and achieve urban sustainability in various social, economic, physical, and environmental dimensions. Among the 13 metropolitan areas of Mashhad, District 12 is the priority for the brownfield redevelopment, and SAMEN district, as the most central urban area that includes the historical urban fabric, was the last priority in the redevelopment of brownfield.

The expansion of international migration as well as the marriage of immigrants with the host community will cause special effects in geographical spaces and especially the quality of life of migrant areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of marriages of Afghanistanian citizens with Iranian women on socio-economic dimensions of their quality of life in rural areas of Jiroft.

This research is of applied type and has been done by descriptive- Comparative analytical method. The statistical population of the present study is 403 households in Bandsaraji, Daryacheh,Chah Afghan and Kenar Sandal villages of Jiroft city. The sample size of the study was determined to be 197 households, using the Cochranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s formula of. In order to achieve the objectives of the present study, in addition to documentary studies, indicators in socio-economic dimensions of quality of life were determined and examined in the framework of field studies. Also, appropriate statistical tests of SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

The findings of Kruskal-Wallis test confirm that the socio-economic quality of life of Iranian-Afghanistanian couples is significantly different with Iranian couples in the villages of Jiroft city, with a rate of 0.000. Also, the results of regression coefficient showed that social indicators with standardized beta coefficient of 0.353 are more effective than economic indicators in the quality of life of Iranian-Afghanistanian couples.

Quality of the socio-economic indicators related to the quality of life of the two groups of rural households with Afghanistanian-Iranian couple and rural households with Iranian couple in the studied villages was not the same and in general the socio-economic quality of life was more desirable in rural households with Iranian couple.

Public spaces are very important to urban vitality. Due to their significant role, people chr('39')s presence, social interactions and liveliness, keeps the space alive. Environmental factors play a significant role in creating such interaction that affects space. The purpose of this study is to recognize and analyze the involved factors influencing the vitality of spaces and also their internal connection in Mashhad city spaces.

The following descriptive research was carried out via implementing a qualitative online image- based questionnaire in during a 4-month- period man-to-man elevation (Jan-March 2020). 200 people were selected randomly and presented a questionnaire including 12 out 40 hectic urban spots of Mashhad City. Data acquired was evaluated using Chi-square Test.

  According to the gathered responses,109 distinct attributes that were extracted that were conceptually correlated and abridged into seven main. in 7 main categories: qualities of environment, elements, physical and formal features, functions, feeling, activities and neighboring uses as the most significant environmental factors in formation of social life and vitality of public spaces. Two of the aforementioned concepts were human- oriented features and the rest were of physical- natured.

Public space affects the mentality of people through physical and human- oriented factors of the environment and if it will encourage them to establish social interactions and exchange in case of any pleasant feeling, which in-itself it will lead to the formation of social vitality.

Today, economic challenges is the most important obstacles to achieving sustainability in the cities of developing countries. Therefore, recognition and geographical analysis of the factors affecting the economic sustainability of cities are among the important goals and priorities of urban and regional planning.

This research has been done by quantitative and survey method and using secondary data. In this study, with using the content validity index and content validity ratio, 17 objective indicators of economic sustainability were selected and economic sustainability of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari cities measured and analyzed by using principal component analysis, spatial autocorrelation (Morans I) and inverse distance weighting interpolation methods.

Findings of the research in the principal component analysis show that the three principal components (economic welfare, economic dynamism and economic diversity) with a total variance of 60.7%, explain the correlation between research variables to measure and evaluate the urban economic sustainability of the province. Also, spatial autocorrelation Moranchr('39')s Index with a value of 0.031 indicates the random spatial pattern of urban economic sustainability in the province and the significance of spatial relationships of 7 urban centers in economic welfare, 8 urban centers in economic dynamism, 6 urban centers in economic diversity and 9 urban centers in the composite index of economic sustainability.

The results of the study, while showing the unfavorable situation of the cities of the province in the economic welfare component, show the concentration of the better situation of the cities located in the eastern half, especially the cities located in Saman, Borujen and Shahrekord county compared to other regions of the province in all three principal components and combined economic sustainability index.

In political geography, sovereignty is the highest coercive power on a territorial scale which has been the creator of classical political, geographical views since the Westphalian period. However, since the 1980s, the function of Westphalian sovereignty in the production of geographical space has been criticized by poststructuralist geographers. A new wave of theories and approaches began that assumes power as a pervasive and pluralistic process at all societal levels. This research has been struggled to analyze the causes, contexts, and functions of the conceptual turn of political sovereignty and its function in the production of geographical space in poststructuralist political geography. In this regard, in the first step, geographical space and its dimensions and subdivisions are defined concerning the poststructuralist school. Then, by explaining how to reconstruct the concept of sovereignty in the poststructuralist school, a new perspective is presented concerning the conceptual consequences of governance in political geography.

Findings research shows that civil society is considered the main source of space production in poststructuralist political geography. In this regard, considering the same credibility for discourses and social forces opens the door to dialogue in management and organization of space. In this context, the multiplicity and difference of social forces in the governance process are recognized and emphasize the right to exist. By emphasizing the right to different exist; Participatory democracy emerges, and the transfer of power to smaller territorial units such as local governments is considered.