مجله پژوهش های علوم شناختی و رفتاری
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 17، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was to investigate psychometric properties and the factor structure of the Mutual Psychological Development Questionnaire among married people living in Shiraz and Kerman. For this purpose, a sample of 894 married people (447 couples) living in Shiraz and Kerman cities was selected on a multistage cluster sampling method. The tools of this research had included the Mutual Psychological Development Questionnaire (MPDQ) (Genera et al., 1992), and Marital Adjustment (Spanier, 1976). Content validity was confirmed by five psychologists and consultants and confirmed by factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a good fit of the MPDQ two-factor model. The results showed that the criterion validity of the test (correlation with marital adjustment) was significant (r= 0.56; p <0.001). Internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the entire questionnaire was 0.88 (self-mutuality 0.89, other-mutuality, 0.90) for men was 0.87 and for women was 0.89. Overall, this questionnaire seems that the scale has the capabilities required for structural assessment of mutuality among Iran's couples and can be used for purposes of consultation and research in the field of marital issues and close interpersonal relationships.

The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived career success (subjective career success and career satisfaction) in the relationship between career adaptability and entrenchment among employees of medical centers and it was a quantitative correlational study. The statistical population comprised all employees of general medical centers related to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan city. From this population, three medical centers and a sample size of 367 employees were selected through convenience sampling method and based on the population of each administrative and medical class. Instruments of the study included career entrenchment, self-rated career performance, career satisfaction, and career adaptability scales. The results of structural equation modeling showed that career adaptability had a direct significant negative relationship with career entrenchment (p < /em><0/01), and had an indirect significant positive relationship with career entrenchment through subjective career success and career satisfaction (p < /em><0/0001). The results indicated that perceived career success mediated the relationship between career adaptability and entrenchment. Generally, career adaptability results in decreasing career entrenchment; on the other hand, career adaptability might increase career entrenchment through increasing perceived career success.

Mothers of children with Down syndrome face challenges which lead to increased parenting stress among these mothers. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on parenting stress among mothers of children with Down syndrome. in the frame of a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow up with control group design. Among mothers of children with down syndrome referring to Navide Asr extensive rehabilitation center in Tehran in 2018, a sample of 40 subjects were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups through random assignment method. In pretest, posttest and follow up stages, the participants of both groups completed Abidin’s Parenting Stress Index- Short Form(PSI-SF). Sessions of group weekly positive psychotherapy were held in eight 90-minute sessions for the participants of the experiment group, but the control group participants received no intervention until the end of the follow up stage. Variance analysis test with repeated measures in SPSSv20 was used for analyzing the data. results suggested that positive psychotherapy significantly decreased parenting stress among mothers of the intervention group and the results were sufficiently persistent in the one-month follow up stage (p < 0.01). results of the present research confirmed the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in improving parenting stress among mothers of children with Down syndrome. The results affirm the importance of applying this intervention on psychological symptoms of mothers with Down syndrome and offering new perspectives in clinical interventions.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of leader motivating language on employees engagement through intermediary variables of transparent and symmetrical communication perceptions, employee-organization relationships and perceived corporate reputation on employees engagement in Tuka Foolad Investment (Holding) Company. For this purpose, 787 employees of Toka Foolad Investment Holding Company were classified according to the volume. They responded to research tools. The instruments were: Dozier et al. (1995) Symmetric Communication Questionnaire, Rawlins Transparent Communication Questionnaire (1992), Han and Groning (1999) Individual Communication Questionnaire, Gardberg & Fumbron (2002) Organizational Reputation Questionnaire, Sex and Employee Enthusiasm Questionnaire Rothman (2006) and Kang (2010), Leader Wimfield et al. (1998) Motivational Language Questionnaire Research data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between motivating language and symmetrical communications with the coefficient value of 0.41, between motivating language and transparent communication perceptions with the coefficient value of 0.48, between two-way symmetrical communications and transparent organizational communication perceptions with the coefficient value of 0.26, between transparent organizational communication perceptions and employee-organization relationships perception with the coefficient value of 0.14, between employee-organization relationships perception and the variables of perceived corporate reputation and employee engagement with the coefficient values of 0.61 and 0.64, and corporate reputation and employee engagement with the coefficient value of 0.30. the major hypothesis is confirmed although the direct effect of motivating language on employee engagement with the coefficient value of 0.04 was not significant. However, the effect of motivational language directly on the employees' enthusiasm variable with an impact factor of 0.04 was not significant. Therefore, by recognizing the atmosphere and environment of the organization, managers can establish a more appropriate two-way relationship with their followers and share their expectations and mindsets more easily and clearly with their followers. On the other hand, these transparent and reciprocal relationships and supportive language of senior managers make the employees of this holding feel good about being in this company or a group of companies of this holding, which leads to the improvement of the employees 'relations with their organization, the internal reputation perceived by them and the employees' enthusiasm.

Interpersonal needs (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) have an important role in the mental health of people. The aim of this research was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Interpersonal needs questionnaire. The study method was Survey Research. The statistical community included of all college students in Ardabil city (11.000) that 500 students have been chosen as a sample by available sampling. The research instrument was the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), The Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, adverse childhood Experiences scale and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire. For analyzing data, Pearson correlation coefficient and factor analysis were used. Confirmatory factor analysis with 12 questions and a two-factor model showed that a good fit between the data and the model is considered. Therefore, this questionnaire was approved with 15 questions and two factors of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to assess interpersonal needs in the Iranian student community. Factor analysis showed that the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire has a good fit for the Iranian population. In addition, components of interpersonal needs have a significant correlation with adverse childhood experiences, depression, anxiety and defeat and entrapment and indicate concurrent validity of this scale. Considering these results, it can be concluded that this questionnaire can be used for recognizing mental problems such as loneliness and Isolation, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, valuably and importance in person and for predicting possible harm such as suicide and destructive behaviors.

Obesity, especially in children and adolescents, is one of the most concerning problems in the current age; many studies have been conducted to prevent and adjust its underlying factors. Therefore the objective of the current study was to Adolescents' description of the phenomenon of obesity. The present study was conducted by applying a qualitative method using the grounded theory approach. The participants of the study 20 adolescents (i.e.,10 males and 10 females) suffering from obesity in Shahrekord city by the purposive sampling method. Data were gathered using interviewed using the semi-structured method . The results showed that some of the consequences of obesity such as arousing fear, restrictions, and ridicule have resulted in the adaptation of certain strategies by individuals or their parents to deal with this phenomenon. However, these strategies have not led to the expected results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the role of parents and adolescents in the treatment of obesity is very important. Improving communication between parents and adolescents, as well as stability of adolescents' gait and will power, can help treat obesity faster.