فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 48، زمستان 1399)

Anxiety is known as a common problem in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on working memory and problem solving.

A randomized controlled trial design was selected. The study population included all students between 20 and 30 years old in Tehran, from which 26 subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided to experimental and control groups. Subjects in each group were tested before and after the intervention (8 sessions of MBCT) and in the follow-up phase (3 months) with the tools of the Tower of London (computer -based), Forward-backward Digit Span, Letter Number Sequencing test, as well as, the Beck's Anxiety Questionnaire.

results of MANCOVA showed that the experimental group was significantly different from the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages in working memory and anxiety. Significantly differences were found between the two groups for problem solving in the indicators of trial time, total time, number of errors and the number of correct trials, whereas no difference observed for planning time in problem solving.

According to the findings of this study, MBCT training through anxiety reduction can improve working memory capacity and problem solving components except the planning time.

The role of family as the smallest social unit can be highly effective both in positive aspect,, and in the negative aspect . The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of quality of life therapy and compassion-focused therapy in the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life in women with marital conflicts. This study is a ‎semi-experimental ‎research with a pretest-‎posttest and follow-‎up ‎control group design. The statistical population comprised all married female students with marital conflicts. The sample included 45 of students who were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into three groups of 15 people. The first group received quality of life therapy; the second group < br /> underwent compassion-focused therapy and the third group was placed on the waiting list as the control group. For data collection, Pierce, Sarason, and Sarason Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) and Steger Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ)‎ were used. For data analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance was applied. The results demonstrated that both types of treatment have been effective in the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life. Quality of life skills have had better results in the two variables of the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life compared to compassion-focused therapy, but the difference between the groups is not significant.The results indicate that the therapies based on the quality of life and compassion in the field of family mental health have a significant effect on the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life.

The critical role of psychological processes in cause and / or maintenance of insomnia has received considerable attention over the recent decades. The aim of this study modeling the relationship between personality traits and insomnia considering the mediating role of the mediating role of emotional processes among medical sciences students.

The study sample consisted of 381 female and male students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences who were selected by cluster sampling. Participants answered the Insomnia severity Index , NEO-Personality Inventory – Revised (NEO-FF-R), Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory AND Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire . Then the obtained data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

results indicated that neuroticism has a direct significant relationship with insomnia, also both neuroticism and Perfectionism have indirect significant relationship with insomnia through the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and anxiety , as well as through the chained mediating effect of emotion regulation to anxiety, but direct effect of Perfectionism on insomnia was not significant.

The obtained results showed that The use of maladaptive strategies for emotion regulation and anxiety can partly explain the association between personality traits and insomnia.

Suicidal behaviors are considered as one of the mental health problems .The interpersonal theory of suicide has provided a promising perspective for understanding suicide behavior.Since the patterns of suicidal behavior and related interventions are not the same for all cultural groups, this study aimed to answer the question of whether the interpersonal model of suicide is also fited in Iranian cultural context.

The purpose of this study was descriptive-correlational in terms of the purpose of fundamental research and in terms of data collection method which was done on 400 students of Mashhad University using Beck Suicide Thought Scale (BSSI). Interpersonal Suicide Needs (INQ) was administered in the 2016-2017 academic year and path analysis were used to analyze the data.

Data analysis showed that the perceived burdensomeness coefficient to suicidal thoughts was 0.58, also significant by the t-test (p <0.05, t = 13.32) and the coefficient of thwarted belongingness path coefficient was 0.12. And is statistically significant (t = 2.65, p <0.05). 78% of the variance in suicide attempt scores was explained by two exogenous variables and one mediator variable namely perceived overburden, unaccompanied suicide and suicidal thoughts; 41% of the variance in suicidal thoughts scores through perceived overload and unaccompanied suicidal ideation.

The interpersonal model of suicide in Iranian society is well matched .so it can be used in clinical and therapeutic settings to assess suicide risk factors and suicidal tendency in individuals.

The aim of this research was studying the psychometric properties of the Youth Anxiety Measure - DSM-5.

400 people were selected through multistage cluster sampling including 8-15 old youth schooling in one of the Urmia public schools and responded to the questionnaires YAM-5, Anxiety Sensitivity of Reiss et al. (1986), Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS). The datas were analyzed by tests of pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS and LISREL softwares.

Correlation coefficient of YAM-5 ̍s components with of other questionnaires showed appropriate concurrent criterion validity. The scale cronbach̍s alpha (0.89) and the scope of values for coefficients of internal consistency, split-half and test-retest of the components (0.60 to 0.90) indicated optimal internal consistency and reliability for the scale and it̍s subscales. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed ten factors with eigenvalue higher than one that alltogether were explaining %48.64 of the total variance. The general fit indices implied to the optimal fitness of ten-factor model of this measure.

This mean can be utilised for measuring and diagnosing the anxiety disorders in the Iranian sample.

 Emotional abuse as a suffer related to couples' interactions is associated with psychological problems. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of  acceptance and commitment  based couple therapy using schema conceptualization, and Guttman couple therapy on emotional abuse in couples' relationships.

This study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group.The statistical population included all couples who referred to Razi Counseling Center in Karaj in the spring 2019. Using available sampling method 30 couples were selected and randomly placed to two experimental groups and one control group (10 couples for each group). Participants in all three groups were assessed using the emotional abuse at pre-test, post-test and follow up stages.

The results of mixed analysis of variance showed significant difference between the mean scores for two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages. The acceptance and commitment  based couple therapy using schematic conceptualization reduced all components of emotional abuse (p < 0.001). The Gottman couple therapy reduced the components of verbal abuse/criticism (p < 0.05), neglect/withdrawal and domination (p < 0.001) as well. No significant difference observed for two therapies effects on components of emotional abuse.

Both treatments were effective and can be used to reduce a couple's emotional abuse.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of TF-CBT on improving symptoms of PTSD in sexually abused children.

This quasi-experimental research was a single-subject research design with multiple baselines with follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all children of 9-12 years old, who have been sexually abused that referred to the Center of Clinical Tests of Forensic Medicine in 2016. In this study, sampling was purposeful, and 2 children were selected. The participants in situations of baseline, even sessions of intervention and one, two, three months and one, two years after intervention responded to the child post-traumatic symptom scale, the parent report of post-traumatic symptoms. Sixteen treatment sessions were administrated for each subject. Data analysis by using visual analysis chart, percentage of recovery, Effect size and PND was done.

The results showed that TF-CBT significantly improved symptoms of PTSD in clients at the end and in the process has been followed.

It could be concluded that TF-CBT is effectively improving symptoms of PTSD in sexually abused children and vulnerable children need specialists.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of Ritalin on some behavioral parameters such as anxiety and locomotor activity and its comparison between male and female Rats.

The present study is an experimental interventional study performed on 40 adult rats. Rats were divided into 8 groups (5 Rats per group); including two control groups and six treatment groups. Control groups were given saline and treatment groups were given therapeutic doses or high doses Ritalin per day for 30 days by gavage. The effects of the drug on anxiety and locomotor activity were monitored by Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field, respectively. Then, data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test using SPSS software.

In the chronic test, the number of line crossing significantly was increased in the both genders of 10 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the data showed no significant change in the rate of anxiety subsequent to the acute or chronic Ritalin administration. It is worth mentioning that female Rats in high dose showed less anxiety comparison to male counterparts.

This study revealed that long-term use of high dose of Ritalin may lead to increasing locomotor activity and then behavioral sensitization in both sexes. Furthermore, Ritalin has no impact on anxiety rate in therapeutic doses.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of resiliency training and emotion regulation training on perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity in firefighting staff. The method of this study was experimental and its design was multi-group pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of Ardebil Fire Department in autumn 1977. Forty-five of them were randomly selected and were randomly assigned into three groups: resiliency training (n = 15), emotion regulation training (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). All three groups completed the demographic, perceived stress questionnaire of Cohen et al. (1983) and Floyd et al. (2005) anxiety questionnaires in pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups of resiliency training, emotion regulation training and control in perceived stress scores and anxiety sensitivity (p <0.01). Post-test results also showed that emotion regulation training was more effective on fear of physical anxiety (P <0.01). Overall, the results showed that both resiliency training and emotion regulation were effective on perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity in firefighters.