نشریه مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی
سال دهم شماره 40 (زمستان 1399)

Pleasure and pleasure-seeking are things that human beings are naturally attracted to. The Qur'an, by acknowledging that the principle of inclination to pleasure is embedded in human beings, forbids unrestrained and abandoned use of it and condemns the preference of material and fleeting pleasures over lasting pleasures, which can deprive man of true perfection and happiness. But from the point of view of materialistic schools, man's happiness and well-being is in gaining as much worldly pleasures as possible. What are the criticisms of materialistic pleasure compared to Qur'anic pleasure? The research method used here is descriptive-analytical. Findings show that knowledge and awareness of worldly and otherworldly pleasures and their comparison, faith and love, closeness to God, thinking and preferring pleasures over mortal, piety and asceticism are the pleasures recommended by the Qur'an that keep man from attachment to worldly pleasures. But denying or neglecting the heavenly dimension of man, giving originality to immediate pleasures, neglecting otherworldly and human-centered pleasures are the characteristics of materialistic schools of pleasure that lead to the preference of material pleasures over otherworldly and lasting pleasures.

Strengthening the family and resolving spouses' conflicts is one of the most important and vital issues in the present age. The fundamental question is, what are the most important Islamic, moral, and psychological strategies that can increase family strength and reduce conflict? This research is one of the qualitative researches and with the descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the inferred and extractable solutions from Islamic, moral and psychological sources, he has pointed out the most important ones. The results of this study show that women's commitment to maps equal to their capacities, commitment to social norms, adherence to the rules of interaction with the spouse, increasing homogeneity in the family, sincere and empathetic mutual sympathies, mutual appreciation, ignoring the spouse's fault, meeting needs Spouse's sexual and emotional relationships, minimal contact with strangers, and interaction based on normative morality with the spouse are among the most important strategies for strengthening the family and reducing conflict in spouses' relationships.

The influence of the legislator on ethics and sharia to achieve the principle of proportionality in the laws is undeniable. Sometimes moral precepts and sometimes legal precepts create social order. Some believe that morality and law are in conflict with each other, and some see the two as complementary and balanced. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and relationship between ethics and law based on fuzzy thinking. In fact, based on fuzzy theory, we are looking for a new approach to the relationship between law and ethics in the writing of laws and legal relations. Therefore, based on logic and fuzzy thinking, curiosity and accuracy seek to know the variables of this issue and understand why the relationship between law and ethics is concerned. Therefore, the context of the relationship between law and ethics with a fuzzy thinking can be found widely in common practice. The conclusion is that one of the researcher's mental theories is to use the basic principles and principles of fuzzy ethics in law and legislation in criminal, civil, commercial and other issues for more justice.

The beginning of any research depends on knowing the place of that research in the system of human knowledge. In other words, the researcher needs to know in what field of sciences and knowledge the subject he / she is researching. Ethical research is no exception. The researcher of ethics, before doing anything in his research, recognizes his field of research and organizes his research path in that field. In this article, by analyzing the researches done in this field, the geography of ethical researches has been studied and while an analytical and explanatory effort of ethical researches has been made, it has introduced seven areas for these researches. The generalities of ethics, normative ethics, meta-ethics, descriptive ethics, ethical psychology, Moral education and sociology of ethics are these seven areas.

Business ethics is an important factor in reputation, gain profit and economic development. Unfortunately, ethics have not been executed in Iran's market. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to investigate the process and the factors causing the gap between theory and practice in employing ethics. To this aim, ten participants were selected based on snowball sampling in Isfahan market. Data were collected through unstructured interview. Method for data analyzing was grounded theory. Findings of the present study showed that every person has confronted with two kinds of factors. The internal factor, human soul, was the most important reason for not executing business ethics. However, external factors such as parents, clergymen, rules and etc were also effective in creating the gap. Based on the results of the study, faith of each person help to fill the gap between the theory and practice. The results are useful in educational and research policy-making.

One of the subjects that has always been paid attention to by human beings is the topic of professional ethics that has had similarities and different patterns based on the ideology diversity and the definition of ethics in different societies. Nowadays in Iranian architecture, despite the presence of patterns for the development of professional ethics and the promotion of prominent patterns, no serious effort has been made; One of the main causes for this is the lack of accurate inquiry into the work style and the manner of working of the great traditional architects, in particular, masters as one of the most important oral resources. By this description, the researcher has sought to extract the components of professional ethics from the perspective of one of the Isfahan traditional architecture masters, Master Bahram Oleiki. For the Isfahan Traditional practitioners, in terms of quality of work and ethics, he has been one of the distinguished architects and restorers of Isfahan architecture in the contemporary era. The current study was conducted using qualitative method and purposive sampling, library documents and semi-structured interviews at Master Bahram Oleiki's workshops. After conducting the interviews, the researcher analyzed their qualitative content. The results of the present study have been classified into two sets: a) ethical indicators related to work and construction of the building and b) ethical indicators related to the training of the apprentice. Trust in God and the negation of human-based approach, believing that work is a worship, belief in action and perseverance in work (in the first set), and adherence to the master-student system, spending time identifying the apprentices’ talents, concomitant repulsion and attraction in training the pupils and comprehensive teaching of the working principles to them (in the second set), were some of the professional ethics components of traditional architecture from the perspective of Master Oleiki.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of Persian books in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of elementary school in terms of the amount of attention paid to the components of moral education. In this research, the method of qualitative-deductive content analysis has been used to determine the components of moral education and then the level of attention to these components in Persian books of the second period of elementary school; for this purpose, the analysis unit; all texts, images and activities. The content analysis tool was a researcher-made content analysis checklist according to the first stage of the research (extraction of components from the fundamental change document and teacher manuals). The validity of the research tool was obtained according to experts in this field. Also, the reliability of the instrument was calculated by William Scott formula, which showed an agreement coefficient of 0.72. The findings indicate that these components have been dealt with unbalancedly in the mentioned basic books. The highest frequency in the total of three units of analysis belongs to the training of applying rational and religious criteria in evaluations. On the other hand, the lowest frequency belongs to the training of rules and regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to pay balanced attention to these components in Persian books.

This paper describes a Content analysis method to study the variables affecting the study of Happiness in Islamic culture. The statistical society is related to the subject matter of the research, which has been done through targeted sampling. In the descriptive section, the information was collected in a collection and analytical library and recorded in a notebook. In order to answer the research questions, while studying the background, related sources of Islamic happiness and Islamic culture were studied. Findings of the research indicate that prosperity is considered as the ultimate goal that humans seek, It is divided into two imaginary and real forms, And a lot of variables affect it, Including which can be Inheritance; conditions when Coagulation of the sperm; nutrition Environmental factors; education; Self-purification; will; faith; self-knowledge; Compliance with moral virtues; Patterns of happiness in the Qur'an; A lesson from the faces of evil in the Qur'an. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to all variables in Islamic culture as an effective factor in the study of prosperity.