نشریه سیاست های راهبردی و کلان
پیاپی 33 (بهار 1400)

The popularity of "public-private partnerships" to develop public services and infrastructure since the 1990s is increasing. At this point, private-sector thinking and market-based criteria were applied to provide public goods and services. Public-private partnerships have been also introduced in the field of health, which has specific characteristics and sensitivities. While partnership supporters believe the mechanism has several benefits, its opponents claim that there are limited benefits and they come at a high cost. According to the growing needs, we wonder how these kinds of partnerships could be effective in setting health sector development strategies; especially in developing countries. In the current study, besides reviewing the theoretical foundations of the subject in “New public management”; we analyze the context, motivations, and success factors, as well as, challenges of applying them, especially in developing countries. Moreover, by investigating the advocates and opponents' point of view, the evidence and also the criticisms which have been obtained after years of implementing participatory policy in several countries, we come to a cautious and conscious framework to adopt and implement the PPP strategy, to have satisfactory performance. Also with an emphasis on respect for the values of efficiency, representation, and justice in the delivery of public services; it is in line with the general policies of our country's health system.

Considering the general population policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran on promoting life expectancy Provide health and preventing environmental pollution and diseases, this research Answer this question, what is the pattern of health and attenuation of people in different geographical areas of Iran? The overall objective is to study the climate in 31 provinces of Iran and to research the impact of five types of diseases with the highest mortality rate in these regions. Functional and Practical goals are to map geographically the health status and attenuation of those areas, and to gain political support for disease prevention and control by the Ministry of Health. The descriptive research method is the secondary cross-sectional analysis. This study consists of two data sets, causes of death obtained from the Census and Demographic Data, and the Provincial Climatology Data of Iran Statistical Center in The climate of the provinces has been from Iran Statistics Center for ten years, from 2006 to 2016 via Excel and GIS. Findings of the research study show the, cardiovascular disease has increased 3.3%, cancers 2.3%, and respiratory 1.05%, with vague symptoms reduced by 6.8%, infectious and parasitic by 2.02%.This research study also demonstrates that the mortality rate changes in a sinusoidal pattern in different seasons. The rate peaks in November, December and January.

In the contemporary era, business development policies is regarded as one of the most main forces that affecting the modern world. On the other hand, globalization causes to increase welfare and find the better job opportunity. The purpose of this research was to study factors affecting development of new business at international level and global experience. In this research used Mixed model. Results indicated that the Islamic Azad University (IAU) effectively needs a specific organizational structure in order to carry out its micro and macro policies, with the aim this work regulating and structuring the organizational culture so that performance make it effective. Also, results showed that the mission of the university as a predictor of development policies entrepreneurship should be considered in 4 categories: structural, functional, developmental and content. Based on the findings of the present study, the development of entrepreneurship policies at the IAU requires comprehensive and coordinated action in various entrepreneurial action, international communication, the culture of innovation, educational planning and even individual aspects. And also, the good of fitness criteria for final business development policies is equal 0.694 that is suitable for value ratio. Therefore, the overall fit of the model is acceptable.

One of the most important provisions of the general population policy is the promotion and institutionalization of the sacred order of marriage. Because marriage is considered to be one of the most sensitive parts of human life, based on a sacred legal, religious, social, and emotional commitment to living together, in the light of the family, one of the oldest social institutions that historically It is being formed as long as human life. Creepy crises such as declining marriages, declining birth rates, rising aging rates are hampering population growth. Since economic variables are the most important and effective determinant of marriage and disregard for it causes no family formation, decreases fertility and moves towards aging. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate the relationship between economic variables with increasing age of marriage. The research method in this field research is survey using survey and data gathering tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of all single boys in the city of Borujerd aged 24-35 years. The sampling method is multistage cluster random sampling. The sample size is 257 people. The findings of the study indicate that the relationship between economic factors and the increasing age of marriage confirms the conclusion that the higher the economic and material conditions of youth as a fundamental basis for marriage, the greater the tendency of youth to Family formation.

In most countries, governments are adopting specific policies and use government decisions to adopt supportive policies to tackle poverty and economic growth and to achieve economic, social and cultural goals. Iran, as a developing country, will always need a supportive system for growth and development. One of these supportive policies is subsidy strategies, which are used to improve livelihoods and the well-being of those in need. As a supportive tool, subsidies play an important role in improving the distribution of income and economic conditions, it can create the satisfaction and confidence of the people to government and by doing so, have a positive effect on social capital. Given the importance and value of social capital, and other factor affecting it, this paper attempts to address this issue to investigate the effect of supportive policies on social capital in Iran by using ARDL method during 1996-2017 period. The results shows that the relationship between government supportive expenditures in health and housing and social capital is positive, but the relationship between government supportive expenditures in social security and education and social capital is positive.

Iran's current economic situation, relying on domestic production will be followed reducing to need for imports, and creating occupation. On the other hand, quality product is important to provide consumer demand and one of the factors that can affect on quality is the workforce employed in the workshop. Workers is working in workshop through labor contracts, therefore type of contract and its conditions, can effective on job satisfaction and quality working of workers and consequently the product quality. This study examines the effect of "fixed term contract" in large industrial workshops and its effect on product quality. The statistical population is consisted of "Large Scale Industrial Workshop" of the province, and sample is 163 Workshop is selected with stratified sampling , we used questionnaires and it were completed for statements impact "fixed-term employment contract (base salary and their details, bad weather and hard work, meals, travel services)", and individual workers was evaluated on the "quality products" by model of Ordered Logit. The results showed that in categorey of workers individual characteristics variables, the factors “education, marriage, age, work experience, hours of work and income”, in categorey of variables related to the contract, factors “the existence of concessional points and meal in the contract” and in categorey of variables related to the indices affecting the quality of industrial products, the factors “improvement of work-life balance and management” have a positive and significant effect on the increase of the quality of industrial products

In the formulation of Judiciary metapolicy, attention to implications of state metapoliceis is necessary to achieve horizontal alignment among all policies. Therefore, the goal of this research is to identify the implications of other state metapoliceis for judicial metapolicies. This research has been done by means of research marking.Accordingly, first, all 15 general policy lines of the system were collected for the general judicial policies between 1389 to 1396 as " signifier", and then, the implications of each metapoliceis line for the judicial system missions were identified as " signified". The results of the research are presented in 13 propositions by deleting the duplicate implications of other state metapoliceis for Judiciary metapolicy. Putting the duplicate implications together, the research results are set and organized in 13 propositions. Given the importance of prevention in the judiciary, the most important of these propositions sometimes include the attractive education of legal and judicial issues for the people (Development Popular culture and knowledge in the community), continuous promotion of judicial indicators, continuous improvement of the business environment and achievement of the first place in the region, an active role in the topic of "social harm".

In the recent years, social capital has been remembered as the foundation of economic growth and development in each society. According to world Bank, it embraces organs, relationships, and norms forming social interactions. Explaining the issue that social capital has a significant effect on economic growth will play an important role in economic decision makings. Accordingly, among the variables of social capital, this study compares the effect of good governance, corruption index, internet access, and female’s participation in labor market on economic growth in countries with maximum social capital as opposed to countries with minimum social capital between 1998 - 2014.Results show that indices such as good governance, internet access, the extent of enrolling in higher education, and rate of female’s participation have a direct significant effect on economic growth in countries with high social capital. Yet, corruption index has a negative effect on economic growth in these countries. Corruption index has a negative significant effect on economic growth in countries with low social capital. The effect of good governance and rate of female’s participation indices on economic growth is non-significant in countries with low social capital. The effect of internet access on economic growth is significant and negative in these countries. Yet, the extent of gross enrolling in higher education has a positive significant on the economic growth of these countries. Based on vector error correction test, there is long term causality from explanatory variables toward economic growth for both groups of countries