فصلنامه راهبرد
پیاپی 97 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study is to extract the strategic themes and the predominant approach in the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, announced by the Supreme Leader. In this policy research, 37 general policies were selected and analyzed. To analyze strategic themes, a basic codebook was developed based on the strategic management literature and research objectives. Then, the text of general policies was read several times and the strategic themes considered in the policies were counted using the thematic analysis method based on the codebook school. Using the thematic framework analysis, the general policies were analyzed in three thematic frameworks, including the strategic aspect, the core issue, and the prevailing approach. A total of 1413 policy codes were extracted, which were categorized in their strategic aspects in terms of goal, strategy, tactics, and law. The results of the analysis through using qualitative analysis software NVivo 12 show that the aspect of about 60% of policies is goals and strategies and the aspect of about 40% of them is tactics and law. About 75% of the policies are related to economic issues and 60% of the policies are focused on science and technology. Also, about 40% of the total content of policies is economic issues and about 30% of them are general, cultural, and social issues in equal proportions. The predominant approach of about 40% of policies is problem identification and solution, and the approach of about 40% of them is to seize opportunities. The approach of about 20% of general policies is crisis prevention and resolution. Finally, suggestions and guidelines for reviewing general policies are provided.

One of the key variables in democracies is the political efficiency of citizens', which requires various factors such as media literacy. Media literacy, while increasing the legitimacy and political stability of systems, enables their governments to pursue their domestic and foreign policies with greater power.  Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is the role of political media literacy and mass media in students' political efficiency. The approach used in this article is quantitative and in doing so, the survey method was used. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The sample size was 373 people who were selected by the stratified random sampling method. For data processing, SPSS software and Pearson correlation test were used to test the hypotheses and multiple regression was used to test the experimental model of the research. Based on the research results between the dimensions of political media literacy (access to mass media (r = 0.176), analysis and evaluation of political content of mass media (r = 0.261) and activity in mass media (r = 0.513)) with There is a significant correlation between political efficiency. There is also a significant relationship between the use of print media and political efficiency (r = 0.136). It can be argued that political media literacy enables citizens to distinguish between true and false information and news, thus ensuring the health of civil society and increasing a sense of political efficiency.

Biological threats (natural, deliberate, and accidental), particularly pandemics, always have many consequences for the security environment. Among all the others, the pandemic of Covid-19 has created a serious crisis in different aspects for the world and all the countries. The necessity of adopting restriction policies to combating Covid-19, in addition to a health crisis, has led to the probability of economic, social, political-security crises, the most important of which being crisis in the area of defense and security. Considering the importance of defense and security budgeting in security-defense policies and its impact on preserving and promoting national security, enhancing deterrence and defense power, and realizing defense and security strategies of the countries, the present study attempts to investigate the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on defense and security budgeting through a descriptive-analytic method. The findings of these studies have revealed that the Covid-19 crisis affects defense and security budgeting of the countries by reducing incomes and GDP of countries, the possibility of not realizing yearly budgets in defense and security sectors, incurring excessive costs and increased expenses due to the participation of defense and security sectors in Coronavirus crisis management, infection of some personnel of these sectors by the Coronavirus and the resulting expenses, the possibility of formation and aggravation of protests and riots, weakening of international institutions and collaborative security efforts, disruption of the process of military productions and arms and equipment agreements. This process can introduce significant changes in the defense and security budgeting and make countries modify the mentioned budgeting process and the corresponding organization structure according to the new circumstances.

The outbreak of the coronavirus has posed many dangers to the world community. Governments have responded differently to this crisis based on their worldview and the circumstances and characteristics of their society. The present study, using the theory of good governance, seeks to answer the fundamental question that what are the problems and pathology of coronavirus governance in Iran?
Research

This research was conducted using grounded theory and in-depth interviews. Using purposeful sampling after saturation with 19 university professors, physicians, hospital staff, relief committee experts, and welfare organization was saturated. The reason for selecting the samples is due to their involvement, both theoretically and in research, as well as experimentally and working with victims of coronary heart disease.

The findings showed that coronavirus not being a pivotal issue, normalization of the disease, lack of uniformity of procedures among the responsible agencies, legal vacuum in the field of rights and responsibilities of individuals and agencies are among the causes of the coronary crisis. Lack of institutional support, education, and information, and media literacy are among the causes of this disease. Economic sanctions, lack of medical facilities and equipment, and disregard for citizenship rights are among the conditions that interfere with the spread of the disease. The main strategies used in this crisis were identified as home quarantine and physical distancing. The escalation of the crisis, the feeling of insecurity, educational, economic, and social inequalities are among the consequences of this crisis.

An in-depth look at the issue of coronavirus and its related crises shows that most of the problems in this area are due to unprincipled, hasty policy, mismanagement, and imperfect socialization which with the development of good governance can play an important role in preventing and reducing this disease.

Following the conclusion of the so-called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) between Iran and the P5 + 1 countries and Trump's decision to unilaterally withdraw the United States in 2018, Hundreds of sanctions which were targeting economic, political, and military sectors was applied on Iran by the Donald Trump. Now in the United States, we are facing the new administration that the new president, Joe Biden, is seeking to return to JCPOA, if Iran returns to its obligations under it. What can be the reaction of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the meantime? Therefore, this paper aims to answer the question that, among the various scenarios including; US Withdrawal from JCPOA and Iran's gradual withdrawal; negotiating with the United States for JCPOA Plus; returning of US to JCPOA and cancellation of US Secondary Sanctions and the Security Council sanctions; leaving JCPOA and NPT and Activation of snapback mechanism and reference of Iran's nuclear case to the UN Security Council, which one is desirable Scenario for the Islamic Republic of Iran?. The research findings indicate that returning of US to JCPOA and cancellation of US Secondary Sanctions and the Security Council sanctions is a desirable Scenario for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is futures studies based on the scenario writing method which, while examining the forerunners and uncertainties, analyzes the views of experts about the upcoming scenarios.

Iran is one of the pioneers in the field of establishing a modern planning system with a history of about Seventy years; however, it has not been able to become a developed country and achieve public welfare and satisfaction. Given the fact that the principles of development are the same in all societies and different patterns of development determine the development path of a society, this situation has given rise need to prepare the " Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress " as a set of principles, values, rules, mechanisms, methods, measures, processes, structures, institutions, manpower and resources that will pave the way for development and progress in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This model was published in September 2016 after 7 years from the establishment of a specialized center for its compilation and a public opinion poll was conducted on that. This article aims to evaluate the document of the Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress from the perspective of territorial development policy and emphasizing the institutional approach by using the method of qualitative content analysis and the perspectives of elites. In the next stage, the criteria for evaluating the document from the perspective of territorial development policy was defined and this document was analyzed based on them. The results indicate that based on the components and protocols of evaluation, the document's attention to territorial development policy and institutional approach is limited. Therefore, according to the components and protocols presented in this study, an extensive revision of the content of the document should be done.