نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1399)

Home-based business as an employment-generating efforts seeks the economic and social empowerment of rural women and sustainable rural development. But in practice, creating and expanding home-based businesses face a variety of problems. Therefore present research was aimed identification of barriers to the development of women, s home businesses in rural areas of Rezvanshahr city. The present research is qualitative in terms of general approach and practical in terms of purpose. A group of 30 rural women and 10 rural experts, researcher and entrepreneurs were purposefully selected by snowball method as the sample. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Validation of the findings was done by reviewing the findings by the participants and the triangulation technique. The results showed that individual-personality barriers, economic-financial barriers, cultural-social, family barriers and institutional- legal barriers are barriers to the development of women, s home businesses in rural areas of Rezvanshahr city. Holding training courses, field visits to successful rural women, holding national and regional exhibitions, providing educational and consulting services, meeting financial needs and forming a cooperative and association of rural women with home-based businesses organizing home-based businesses is recommended.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the development of socio-cultural, educational, economic, and health indicators in the cities of Guilan province separately and in combination. The research is applied research and its method is descriptive and analytical and the method of data collection is library studies. In order to rank the cities of Gilan province in terms of development of socio-cultural, educational, economic, and health indicators, from the TOPSIS and VICOR leveling model and to draw and prepare maps from the GIS Also, Kriging method has been used to determine the spatial distribution of cities and finally ANOVA test has been used to analyze the variance between two communities of Caspian littoral cities and other cities. The results showed that among the cities of Gilan province in terms of combined indicators, Bandar Anzali is the most developed city and Talesh city is in the lowest development rank. In terms of socio-cultural and educational indicators, Bandar Anzali is the most developed city and Talesh city is the most underdeveloped city. Also in the section of economic indicators, Bandar Anzali is the most developed and Rudsar is the most underdeveloped and finally in the section of health indicators, Lahijan is the most developed and Rezvanshahr is the least developed city of Gilan province in terms of access to health indicators.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance economics on the development of villages in Khaomirabad rural district of Marivan city. The research was applied in terms of purpose, methodical, descriptive-analytical and in terms of data collection, library and field methods (questionnaire) were used. The statistical population of this study is 13 villages in Marivan city, which according to Cochran's formula, 352 households were determined as the sample size and the questionnaires were completed using systematic sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire items was confirmed by a number of researchers and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test at 0.82%. For analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and path analysis) were used. شد. The results of one-sample t-test showed that all economic indicators are in good condition, in the socio-cultural dimension, the index of reducing migration and increasing life expectancy have the highest values ​​and are in good condition, in the physical dimension. Indicators of increasing facilities, improving the standard of infrastructure have the highest values ​​and are in good condition. Increasing environmental health and increasing the level of orchards have t values ​​higher than the critical value of 1.96 and are in good condition. Finally, the role of the resistance economy was evaluated using the path analysis test to examine the impact of the resistance economy on the components of sustainable rural development. The results showed that the economic path has received the most effect from the resistance economy.

In the present age, with the great revolution of communication and the vast advancement of technology that has rapidly changed the face of the world, these changes are rapidly advancing history, and sooner and later the culture of indigenous Hausentes joins history and is forgotten. The newcomer sets foot in a world that will be unaware of its cultural and indigenous identity, and what makes it feel dangerous today is the widespread destruction of indigenous cultures and traditions and rituals that once took place in the environment around us. Is This article is about building and rural structures and its relation to livelihood of the people. Key words and explain the aims and importance of the subject has been considered. Then, the role and function of the buildings and rural sites have been discussed. Role of these places in providing part of the livelihood of the people has been analyzed. A rural family for their livelihoods and subsistence are including various compounds of material and spiritual. These buildings and places provide a part of the rural family needs and to retrieve specific economic function and finally in the livelihoods of rural life are important.

Today’s drought and dehydration have become one of the great problems of the country and as a solution; several dams have been established in different regions of Iran to combat that. Typically, hydrological drought is affected by climate change and human activities, which has been studied with respect to climate change and its relation to drought, but the impact of human activities on droughts has been less widely considered. Therefore, in this research has tried to investigate the effect of Karkhe dam construction on occurrence of hydrological droughts. To achieve the research objectives, information was obtained from 14 hydrometric stations and 19 Rain gauge station which had long-term data of 30 years. First, hydrological drought was calculated using SDI and meteorological drought using SPI index. Then, in order to answer the research question, the regression relations, the analysis of the boxplot in SPSS software and descriptive statistics of droughts were analyzed by two statistical periods before and after the construction of the dam. The results showed that, before the dam was constructed, the magnitude and duration of hydrological droughts in the upper regions of the catchment area was higher, but with dam construction, the magnitude and duration of droughts in the bottom of the dam increased. These results indicate the negative impact of the dam on the Karkheh River. Therefore, Karkheh dam can not only reduce the hydrological droughts of the area but also increase them.

Employment sustainability arises when rural activities, while providing income for rural communities, are also compatible with their environmental and cultural capabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of sustainable employment indicators in the eastern part of Guilan province with a quantitative approach and a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical comprehensive includes rural areas of East Guilan, which are located in 42 villages.20% of the villages, equivalent to 210 villages on average from each village 5 villages (villages that had the highest performance in the agricultural production system) have been selected as a sample and surveyed. To evaluate the indicators of sustainable employment in each of the sample villages from the opinions, 385 rural farmers were used and the importance-performance questionnaire was completed by them.The results showed that in relation to job security indicators, economic conditions, production conditions and low and bag of agricultural products, the situation in the region is not suitable. However, regarding the environmental impact index and market situation in the study area, it was found that these two indicators have relatively better conditions. Potentially adverse environmental effects There is little available activity and access to the primary market for agricultural products in the region. Finally, the best way to improve the living conditions in the rural areas of East Gilan, was to offer skills training to the villagers in the form of construction of training houses in rural centers.