International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2021

Introduction:

Schizophrenia is a group of mental disorders that its main characteristics are failure to understand reality and inability to do daily tasks. Anthropometry, which is a type of biometrics, is a science that measures the dimensions and angles of body parts,as well as skin lines and fingerprints on living people. Perhaps knowledge about natural features of finger dimensions provides useful information in the field of medical anthropometry. Therefore, anthropometric properties of the fingers can be used to identify and develop research in this topic. And given that finger length, like brain development, is formed by a family of developmental genes. So, the objective was to find a link between brain violation and finger length.

This study was a case-control and cross-sectional sampling was done in the one-year. The index and ring finger lengths of both hands in 62 schizophrenic men and 72 healthy subjects who were not diagnosed and aged 18 to 65 years old living in Khorasan Razavi were measured by digital caliper.

Significant differences were observed between the average index finger lengths (2d:4d) in men’s right hand of healthy and schizophrenic subjects. Among other variables, significant differences weren’t observed between healthy and patients.

It may seem that the results above are used by methods for genetic studies of biometric changes in people with schizophrenia from the index finger length ratio to the right and left ring fingers for further studies to make an estimation and generation. It’s essential to spread the similar statistical research wider statistical societies

Despite the benefits of exercisemany people in different countries specially students, have not enough physical activity. The aim of this research is to study exercise behavior of medical students in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences based on stages of change model and assess itsrelationship with students’ self-efficacy.

All of the 309 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences participated in this cross-sectional study. The data collection methodwas a questionnaire which consistedof four parts: demographic characteristics, the pattern of weekly physical activity, the level of exercise behavior which was based on stages of change model and finally the questions which assess exercises self-efficacy.

Atotalof 309students(46.6% male and 53.4% female) participated in this study. The mean (SD) of their age was 21.57 (2.20). Based on the stages of change model 117 (37.9%) students were on the pre-contemplation stage. 78 (25.2%), 45 (14.6%), 27 (8.7%) and 42 (13.6%) students were on the contemplation, readiness, action and maintenance stage, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between students’ exercise self-efficacyand their stages of change (p< 0.001).

Based on the results of this study, exercise self-efficacy had an important role in students’ exercise behavior. Therefore, it seems to be important for related institutions such as Physical Education Organization tofocus a part of their activities on improving thelevel of exercise self-efficacy in students.

The need for research was felt that chronic pain is one of the most common pains in patients with psychological problems and the use of psychological therapies. This study aimed to compare the performance of CBT and ACT on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain in Tehran.

This study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of research design method and was pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population in thisstudy consisted of all people with chronic pain disorders who referred to private orthopedic clinics in Tehran and sampling was done with a purposive approach. 36 people were selected by purposive sampling method. After selection was based on entry and exit criteria, 24 people were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (cognitive therapy group and act therapy group) and control (a group of 12 people). Participants completed Resilience Questionnaire (Conner-Davidson Resilience) before and after the interventions.

The findings of this study showed that both ACT and CBT approaches have the necessary effect on resilience, and diagnostic factors (of course, on two of them, ESR-CRP). The findings show that there is no significant difference between the ACT and CBT approaches

Therefore, CBT and ACT were effect on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain.

Given the importance of screening as one of the healthy behaviors in breast cancer, the aim of this research is to develop and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Health Behavior Constructs Scale (HBCS) for breast cancer screening.

In this cross-sectional study, 376 women who referred to Javaheri Health Center during the study period due to health problems, were selected through convenience sampling method. Then, the instrument was developed and its content and face validities were examined. To ensure divergent and convergent validity, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used. Internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the Health Behavior Constructs Scale and SPSS and LISREL software were applied for analyzing data.

The findings of this study provided strong supports,which confirmed the content and face validities. Regarding the convergent and divergent validity, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity and deterioration, and perceived barriers have a direct and significant relationship with the three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. On the other hand, perceived self-efficacy and perceived motivation had a significant inverse correlation with all three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. The results of the Cronbach's alpha indicated the appropriate internal consistency of the whole questionnaire and its components. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.75. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indicators of proposed model were confirmed (Chi-Square/df: 1.98, RMSEA: 0.05, SRMR: 0.06, CFI: 0.92, IFI: 0.92, TLI: 0.92) and all paths were significant (P<0/05).

HBCS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the screening behavior of breast cancer in Iranian women and it appears to be a comprehensive and useful instrument for assessing women's beliefs related to breast cancer and breast cancer screening.

Sexual satisfaction is one of the most basic aspects of marriage and is a key factor in the quality of human life. Sexual arousal disorder is a clinical diagnosis for female sexual dysfunction characterized by decreased libido and sexual arousal accompanied by anxiety. The present study is the first clinical trial in Iranian society to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on arousal, intimacy and sexual self-concept of women with sexual arousal disorder.

In a randomized clinical trial, 30 women with a diagnosis of sexual interest/arousal disorder were selected from patients referred to medical centers in Isfahan using purposive sampling based on screening and were assigned into two treatment and wait-list groups using block randomization method. The designed treatment package based on acceptance and commitment was presented to the experimental group for eight weekly sessions. The three indices of arousal, intimacy and sexual self-concept were evaluated in three-time stages and the data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA).

Preliminary results showed that ACT had a significant effect on the three indices of arousal, intimacy and sexual self-concept (all p's <0.05). Secondary results showed that the effectiveness of treatment remained stable until the 3-month follow-up stage (all p's <0.05).

The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of ACT on the indices of arousal, intimacy and sexualself-concept. These findings indicate the role of the concept of acceptance in the treatment and promotion of sexual problems. These findings can be associated with clinical applications in the field of couple therapy

The decision to have cosmetic surgery is greatly affected by psychological problems. The high number of cosmetic surgery requests, which can be one of the consequences of psychological damage in the stages of mental development, shows the significance of paying attention to the role of thematic relationships, personality organization and ego strength. This study aimed to explain the body image model based on object relations, and the mediating role of personality and ego strength in people referring to cosmetic surgery centers.

This study was conducted through a descriptive -correlational approach. The statistical population included all people who referred to Vanak Cosmetic Surgery Center in Tehran in spring and summer of 2020, a sample of 350 subjects were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected through Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Bell's Object Relations Inventory, the Kernberg’s Inventory of Personality and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego-strengths. The data were analyzed by a path analysis of structural equation modeling.

The structural equation modelling of body image, object relations, personality organization and ego strength directly and indirectly demonstrated significant fitness (RMSEA: 0.07). Among indirect paths, mediator variables including personality organizationand ego strength were significant.

Injury in the initial object relations can affect the creation of a negative body image among people seeking cosmetic surgery by creating a negative feeling in the person and then by affecting the personalityorganization and ego strength.