نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال دهم شماره 2 (بهار 1400)

The dry port is an intermediate terminal terminal that is directly connected to seaports and has a high capacity in terms of vehicles from which consumers can pick up or drop off standard Kalara units. This port is a combined terminal on the shore that is connected to the coastal port. Necessary and sufficient equipment to deal with traffic caused by several modes of transportation, including rail and air, and customers can receive or deliver their goods in different ways. Dry port is considered as a low risk base for sustainable national development. The dry port consists of several sections, some of which include a safe area with ports for entry and exit, separate roofed and open warehouses for import, export and transport, and for perishable goods, high-value shipments and full shipments. Risk, warehousing facilities including customs guaranteed warehousing, suitable place to stop the fleet with sufficient parking space for the cargo fleet, office building in accordance with the approved plans in principle agreement for customs and other applicants such as freight forwarders, shipping agencies, Clearance of customs goods, banks and other related services, customs services and logistics services.

Partial hydrolysis of starch yields a product called maltodextrin, which has a dextrose equivalent of less than 20. Maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of less than 10 is used as a fat replacer in various products. Industries are constantly developing low-fat products or reducing the fat content of products as much as possible according to the wishes and tastes of consumers so that the caloric content of the final product is reduced to one-third of the typical sample. In addition, the low-calorie product should not be deficient in nutrition and quality compared to the regular sample. One possible way to reduce fat or calories in commercial products is to replace some of the fat with carbohydrates such as maltodextrin and modified starch. Using maltodextrin as a fat replacer while reducing the fat and calories of the product creates better flavor, color, and texture; and increases consumer satisfaction. In this paper application of maltodextrin in different products is investigated.

There are a lot of discussions and controversy about sucrose and other sweeteners regarding their metabolism and health effects. These concerns are often arising by speculation based on limited data or few studies on animals. Recent controversies have arisen following the publication of a commentary suggesting a possible link between high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption and obesity. Since then, there has been a widespread scientific consensus that there is no significant difference in the metabolic and endocrine response between HFCS 55% and sucrose in relation to obesity or any human health issue. This conclusion is not surprising because both of these sugars contain approximately equal amounts of fructose and glucose, contain the same amount of calorie, have the same level of sweetness and have the same absorption from the digestive tract. The hypothesis that fructose, HFCS, or sucrose are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, metabolic syndrome, fat accumulation in the liver, or increased muscle tissue adiposity, has been investigated in different ways using different approaches that lead to different conclusions. They seem to disagree. Further clinical trials are needed to resolve many of these ambiguities. The purpose of this study was to respond to uncertainties about metabolism, endocrine, and possible effects on human health when consuming sucrose, HFCS and fructose 55%. Over the past decade, there has been much scientific debate about metabolism, the endocrine response, and the potential health effects due to consuming sucrose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and fructose. Due to this reason that the United States and many other countries are involved in the obesity, there is more motivation for these discussions. Given all this as a foreground, the purpose of this review is to discuss the metabolism and the endocrine response of sucrose and HFCS consumption. It has also been considered to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence regarding the consumption of these sugars and their possible health consequences. We then discuss the results of recent randomized controlled trials using different amounts of fructose, HFCS and sucrose.

Hydroxy Methyl Furfural (HMF) is a compound that is formed as a result of heat treatment and long storage of sugar products such as invert sugar and according to codex standards its limit in foods is 40 ppm. Fructose syrup 55% is a transparent liquid with a sweet taste and has no off-flavor and has similar sweetness and functional properties to sucrose. Various studies show that due to the production process of sugar products, which is mainly associated with heat, the HMF level is greatly increased and this carcinogen is remained within these products until consumption. Invert sugar is a product that has been investigated in terms of HMF content. Research has shown that many industrial products such as invert sugar that are not manufactured according to the standards, are rich in HMF. But the fructose syrup 55% contains a very small amount of this carcinogen due to its enzymatically production and many purification processes.

Fructose syrup 55 is a low-cost alternative to sugar, which these days has experienced a high demand. A simple statistical chart shows that desire and the consumption of fructose syrup 55% has increased compared to sucrose in the last few years in the United States. The impact of sugar producers on the current US market is minimal due to the low cost of imported sucrose and corn syrup; as a consequence, the lower the price of corn syrup for food and drink which lead to the lower product price.

The honey bee obtains its all nutritional  demands from nectar and pollen. In the case of nectar and pollen limitation, beekeepers use a substitute. It has been a long time that sucrose is used as the conventional substitute for nectar and pollen in the bee feeding to provide its nutritional needs during winter and stimulation of springchr('39')s larval nourishment. High fructose corn syrup is another potential substitute that is used recently in bee feeding. Therefore, in this review, the effects of honey bee feeding with fructose syrup have been investigated. Life span and hive population are among the important factors that have to be considered in the case of feeding honey bee with various sources. According to the results of previous studies, high fructose corn syrup (containing 55 % fructose based on the dry matter) is a potential carbohydrate source for the honey bee compared to sucrose. In this review, the results of these studies have been investigated. The Scopus database was used for search purposes and three seraching algorythms (until 2020) was carried out as follows: (TITLE (honey AND bee) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (hfcs)) and (TITLE (honey AND bee) AND TITLE (sucrose)) and (TITLE (honey AND bee) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (fructose)).

Today, sweeteners are one of the most important additives in the food industry and the demand for using these materials to produce different types of food products is increasing. Fructose or Laevulose is one of the natural sweeteners, which is found in abundance mainly in various fruits and honey. Corn starch is one of the most important sources of fructose syrup and has the potential to be used as a sugar substitute in the production of various industrial foods such as beverages, industrial breads, confectionery, chocolate and candy, dairy products, meat products, and many other products can be used as natural sweeteners, thickeners, fillers, etc. The favorable effects of fructose sugar on various foods include antimicrobial properties and increasing the shelf life of the product, creating the suitable flavor and aroma, keeping chocolate and similar products soft, and creating the suitable color and delaying staleness in a variety of bakery products. Despite the favorable effects of fructose syrup on the quality of some foods and its cheaper price than sugar, we must also keep in mind that there are still ambiguities and concerns about the harmful effects of excessive consumption on consumer health.

Fructose syrup 55% is one of the best natural sweeteners on the market right now. It reduces the cost of producing sweet drinks. The addition of this material to bakery and confectionery products allows the product to have a better brown appearance during production. These compounds provide a high level of novelty in food products. It acts as a preservative, flavoring, moisture and freshness as well as texture enhancer. In this article, research on the benefits of using fructose in various products is reviewed.

In this study, carbonated fruit drink and cola beverage were prepared by sucrose and fructose syrup 55. The physicochemical properties of these samples were measured and compared. Three treatments for both types of drinks were considered: 100 % sucrose; 100 % fructose syrup 55; 50 % sucrose and 50 % fructose syrup 55. Changes in the sugar profile of both types of drinks and turbidity of carbonated fruit drinks were measured in a 45-day period by HPLC and turbidimeter, respectively. It was observed that during storage, some parts of sucrose in both drinks were hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose. The degree of hydrolysis in the case of cola was greater than that of carbonated fruit drink. According to the obtained results, the degree of sucrose hydrolysis was lower than 10 % for carbonated fruit drinks after 45 days of storage, while for cola drinks this value was about 30 %. The turbidity of carbonated fruit drinks prepared by fructose syrup was lower than those prepared by sucrose. The greater the substitution of sucrose with fructose syrup, the lower the turbidity.