پژوهش نامه فرهنگ و رسانه (نامه فرهنگ و ارتباطات)
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Today, the politicians and leaders of each country, in the international level, try to achieve the goals and interests of their people with the tools of diplomacy and negotiation, and with the lowest level of tension and conflict. To communicate better and more effectively, it is essential to know communication strategies, discover the hidden meaning of words, and the audience's predictive power. The development of cyberspace and social networks has given rise to new forms in the field of diplomacy. Analyzing the comments of politicians in the informal and open space of Twitter can provide a good base for analysis and recognition. In this research, we tried to analyze the views of the Foreign Ministers of Iran and the P5+1 group on Twitter, using the Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT), and the method of discourse analysis (PDAM) so that we can identify the strategy of different countries against JCPOA and predict events. The theory of communication accommodation is one of the theories proposed in the field of intercultural communication that focuses on the ways in which cultures adapt to interaction. In this theory, 3 strategies for communication have been proposed: 1- Convergence 2- Divergence 3- Maintenance. The present study shows that there are several perspectives on JCPOA: JCPOA as an agreement, Iran and the United States as separate countries and international relations. The strategy of all countries except the United States is to maintain the JCPOA. Iran's general policy has been based on convergence, China and Russian strategy is based on conservation, and the French, British and German strategies are based on convergence with the United States and divergence towards Iran.

This paper is trying to answer the question of whether Islam, which is formed based on "word" and "speech" can establish connection with a medium like television which is of visual/pictorial nature. To answer this question, different parts of religion and their relationship with vision was theoretically explained. Here, it was determined that "morals" such as "perceptions" are accounted for in Islamic philosophy. Therefore, to achieve results, "TV picture" must create positive emotional figure out of a "moral act". However in case "beliefs" is the main axis of a religious program, then the program is successful if it can provide viewers with different thoughts and visions so they can pick the right vision from among those provided. To evaluate this theoretical framework through the criticism of the existing experiences, "Samte Khoda" which is a famous talk show was considered. Conducted using typology method, this qualitative research specifies that "Samte Khoda", in terms of color and light ،decoration and eyeful visual effects attempts to create a positive emotional atmosphere for a religious dialogue about morals, although it is unsuccessful in terms of the motion picture, changing camera angles, and picture combinations and hence, creating a program fitted with TV's nature of motion picture and remains only a dialogue based talk show. Besides, since it provides religious beliefs unilaterally and only from one point of view, it cannot be useful enough in the realm of faith and beliefs, and only the "question and answer" part of the show can partially compensate for this short coming.

The development of media literacy by the media itself is one of the effective ways to teach this skill and radio as a mass media can have a good position in this field. Because young people are the main audience of today's media and "Radio Javan" is a special station for this ages, . The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model for programming in Radio Javan with the aim of educating and promoting media literacy. Findings of this research, which is in fact a comprehensive model with two structural and content aspects for production in Radio Javan, has been obtained through case study and through qualitative evaluation and analysis of programs produced in radio in recent years on the subject of media literacy and specialized interviews with production experts and media literacy specialists, in addition to the analysis of works written in this field. The results of this study show that "the simplification of topics in the form of short structures", "the use of templates with fast rhythms and the use of attractive elements such as interviews with young people, music, short plays, competitions and entertainment, etc.", "avoid taking a completely negative approach, facing the new media and paying attention to the positive effects and functions of digital media along with its negative and harmful effects",

A comparison between the pattern of pilgrimage experience in the two pilgrimage rituals "Arbaeen Walk" and "Last Zero Pilgrimage to Mashhad" can provide a good understanding of the pilgrimage patterns of Shiites, especially Iranians. The present article, by asking about these differences and similarities, has been conducted in the framework of a qualitative research with participatory observation techniques and in-depth semi-structured interviews with pilgrims and servants in both hiking rituals. The research data were collected from two experimental studies on the Arbaeen walk and the last zero walk to Mashhad, both in 1396. The results show the fundamental similarities in the general patterns of travel and experience of Iranian pilgrimage in these two religions. At the same time, there are important differences between the experience of pilgrims in these two rituals, which can be seen especially in the prevailing pattern of travel, how to serve pilgrims and organize these activities, as well as the pattern of identity and cultural diversity in the context of these two rituals.

This research is an attempt to explore parental mediation strategies of their children’s Internet use, their effectiveness on preventing children’s use of prohibited Internet contents and parents’ attitudes towards the Internet effects on their children and how such attitudes influence their mediation strategies. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten fathers and ten mothers who have at least one child under the age of eighteen are conducted. Prominent categories of parental mediation strategies to control children’s usage of the Internet include: “restrictive mediation” (limiting the amount of time that children spend on using Internet as the result of negative attitudes towards the Internet effects), “instructive mediation” (warning children of negative effects of misuse of the Internet), and “social co-use” (sitting near children during Internet use to check the used contents). We also found that parents who are concerned about negative effects of the Internet exert more mediation over their children's Internet usage. Parents with high level of education, mothers, and parents of younger children apply more any of these three types of mediation. Finally, implications for Internet policy-making and suggestions for future research are provided.

The policy of higher education development in two recent decades, with concentrate on Graduate and Ph.D. degrees of Humanities, is the project which this dissertation is intended to set up a cultural impact assessment related to it. Two Axes of four axes of cultural impact assessment are in the agenda of this thesis: "counting cultural impacts related to this policy" and "Policy recommendations to resolve negative impacts and strengthen positive impacts". In addition to these two axes, this study also examines the "policy makers' motives" of this development. In the theoretical framework, after the presentation of fifteen indicators of higher education in humanities, theories of higher education development are briefly discussed. The data collection phase is carried out using two methods of "interviewing elites and teachers" and "library". Finally, the data obtained from field studies and library studies are analyzed and classified using the "grounded theory" method in three stages. The impacts are classified into four levels: "Organizational and policy level", "Level of scientific community", "The Level of General Culture" and "Family and Individual Level". Policy recommendations are also presented at four levels: "Educational and Research Activities at the University", "University and Society Relations", "General Culture" and "Family". In another level of analysis, the impacts are evident in three aspects: 1.Desirable impacts against undesirable impacts 2.Direct implications against indirect consequences 3.Expected and planned outcomes against unexpected consequences. The immediate/indirect consequences are also divided into three categories: Independent variable, interventional variable and dependent variable.

The present article was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the information published on the subject of Corona on the social network Instagram and to investigate the relationship between the accuracy of the information and the popularity of the published posts. This research is applied in terms of type and has been done using content analysis method. The research community includes 100 published posts related to the topic of crona virus, which were published on Instagram in August 2020. Data were collected using direct observation method and using a checklist designed by the researcher. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics tests (mean and frequency) and Spearman correlation test and S.P.S.S. software were used. The research findings showed that 46% of the published information is inaccurate and is considered fake news. 54% of the published information was also accurate and credible. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the popularity of a post and the accuracy of its information

Sexual capital as the fourth social capital is one of the newest and most popular theories of contemporary sociology, proposed by Catherine Hakim in 2011. One of the most important situations in which sexual capital is present is commercial advertising. Advertising teasers in the capitalist era have become increasingly important and have occupied a large part of television broadcasting, so this research, relying on Hakim's theoretical structure and components of sexual capital from his perspective, to study and describe this phenomenon in advertising. He has made a television commercial for the Islamic Republic of Iran Radio and Television. Based on this, using quantitative content analysis method, 30 samples of teasers were analyzed with targeted sampling based on the presence and focus of women among the advertisements broadcast on Sada-o-Sima in July and August 1998. The results of this study indicate that the rate of sexual capital in advertising is high. Among these, the components of the way of appearing in the society (attractive cover, face makeup, jewelry and decorations), sexual attraction (attractive body, feminine behavior, charm), and beauty, the most repetition and components of social presence (skill and interaction and Social participation, kindness, and vitality (energy and vitality, not being passive) have the least repetition. Capitalism and advertising designers also use women's sexual capital to attract and persuade audiences to persuade the buyer to buy the product.

The development of technological tools and media based on communication platforms led to the creation of new societies with their own characteristics. Communities that thinkers interpret as a connection to the digital community. One of the most important characteristics of these societies is the existence of inequality at different levels of these societies in the use of digital tools, which is interpreted as digital divide, and the basic strategy to fill this digital gap will be to promote digital literacy in society. Using the content analysis of the upstream and internal political documents of the Ministry of Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran (as the main custodian of formal and public education in the country), the above research implies the concept of digital literacy - in that it is one of the effective factors in reducing digital divide - Extracted and analyzed at four levels of infrastructure and technology equipment, education and awareness, network development and equitable access and production of healthy content. According to the results of this study, the main issue in the digital divide is to increase the level of participation of people in the digital community and improve their skills and motivate and innovate to create participation in the digital community, and this indicates the effective role of cyberspace literacy in Have a digital divide.

Today in the era of postmodern state we have witnessed new ways of governance in developed societies which have transformed the relationships between masses and states in the field of civil society and have changed state’ functions dramatically. Such new way have been embodied in the key concept of “good governance” which is one of the main criteria for the distinction of modern political societies from modern and premodern ones. Without a doubt the media as one of the most important active organs in civil society that has a firm relationship with both citizens and political leaders, plays a key role in the process of new governance. This article pose this main question that what effect does media literacy have on new governance and to do so, examines a causal relation between citizens’ media literacy (as independent variable) and the media’s functions (as dependent variable) and offers this hypothesis that if the media literacy of citizens increase, the possibility of the state’s instrumental use of the media will decrease, so the media can play its constructive role for implementing good governance.

Today, one of the basic necessities of security organizations is to correctly recognize the challenges ahead and to adapt the structure and program of the organization to respond appropriately and in a timely manner, in order to predict the future and analyze the issues correctly. Given the direct relationship of security environments with the minds and thoughts of opponents, manpower will be the main asset in security organizations; ; Therefore, this article studies the role of cognitive psychology in analyzing security news and information from the media dimension. The research method is document analysis which has been done by using the documents and resources available in libraries and computers. Explaining the position of cognitive, metacognitive sciences and cognitive psychology helps us to better understand the importance and necessity of correct and logical analysis of environmental information and with the right attitude in organizations and provides productive solutions. As a result, the learning of these sciences is inevitable for all information analysts from all methods, especially the media, in order to analyze security phenomena.

Today, the media play an important role in the development of civil society and governance. In the meantime, having the skills to critique and analyze media messages is very important in strengthening the field and public dialogue. The present study aimed to investigate the role of media literacy in governance. The method of the present study was library and data collection tool was also electronic filing. Data analysis was performed as a document. According to the research results, six main roles can be considered for media literacy in governance: The first role is to promote active and informed citizenship; Because media literacy gives people skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, personal independence and communication and social skills. These skills facilitate participation, campaigning, and participation in decision-making and pressure. The second role of media literacy is to strengthen the public sphere; The public sphere is a place for the presence of various social actors in which people gather to participate in open and public discussions. The impact of media literacy in the third dimension on the promotion of citizenship rights; Since civil rights include political, social, and basic rights, media literacy has the ability and power to demand these rights from the government and to influence decision-making. In the fourth dimension, media literacy is a kind of question that requires the government to answer. In the fifth dimension, media literacy plays an important role in the development of civil society and the critique of government performance and the formation of civil institutions. In the sixth dimension, media literacy influences the creation of an atmosphere of public criticism and dialogue.