International Journal of Political Science
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2021

The Year 2020 will go down in history as an unpredictable year, which tested mankind on account of apparently a simple flu virus having significant and long-reaching consequences. The ray of hope in the form of a vaccine for the Corona Virus emerged only in 2021.The virus was contagious and spread all over the world with a high number of infections and death tolls. Mankind before the advent of Corona boasted of technological advancement; later it was literally at the mercy of a virus. Covid 19 or Coronavirus has within the initial days of 2020 changed the lives of human beings across the globe. Not only has it introduced a „new normal‟, i.e., SMS (Sanitize, Mask and Social Distancing), it has put the entire world into the doldrums. It has not only impacted global politics but also has set the global economy into a downturn. Under such a challenging situation, a power game has emerged in the global scenario. The main player who has emerged is China; alleged to be the super spreader of coronavirus. Amidst the blame game regarding who is the spreader of the Virus and politicking around the origin of the crisis, is a competition for a global numero uno position that is lurking. China vies for a global position by any means. So it is spreading its tentacle amid these troubled times in South Asia, Asia-Pacific and the South China Sea. This has triggered actions from the US, Russia, Japan, South-east Asian countries and India. India is bearing the brunt of Chinese aggressive policies and is being guarded about her neighbors too, who are being used as pawns in China‟s scheme of expansion. India based upon its scientific prowess in the field of medical sciences is reaching out as a major power through „vaccine diplomacy‟. It is worth noting that India has started its 2-year term as a nonpermanent member of the UN Security Council in January 2021 and is closely keeping watch over the global strategic developments. Many businesses are relocating, right sizing and searching for near-home solutions, thereby affecting the power relations in a globalized world. Therefore, a global power game has emerged. Covid- 19 times not only has challenged our normal existence as human beings but is also unfolding a global power game. Political challenges of the Post-Covid era will surely set the course of the world order. In this paper, we tend to look into the intricacies of the political and strategic matrix that are emerging in the Post-Covid era which might shape the current world order.

The present study seeks to examine the security challenges in the contemporary international system with emphasis on the economic, human rights and environmental components. From this perspective, after expanding the conceptual space of the subject, it will examine security challenges. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method in this research is library; The findings of the study suggest that: First, security today is an approach that is not viewed solely from a political and military perspective; Rather, it encompasses intertwined components such as human rights, the global economy, and the environment. Second, the challenges of human rights such as: globalization and reduction of freedom, politicization of human rights, interpretation of human rights by vote and non-observance by governments, different interpretation and interpretation in accordance with the religious and legal system; Are among the most important human rights challenges. Third, overuse of renewable resources, pollution, and declining agricultural fertility, the impact of climate change, and global warming have challenged security; Finally, political instability and lack of economic development, economic inefficiency and food security can be considered a threat to international peace and security.

The commencement of executing the fourth program, in other words, the first year of implementing the vision document, was simultaneous with the change of government and the coming to power of the principlist government of Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. A government that, while explicitly criticizing the policies of previous governments, prioritized the return to the ideologies of the revolution regarding the administration of justice and fight against poverty, corruption, and discrimination in domestic politics and rejection of the hegemonic system, strengthening Looking at the East, developing relations with neighbors, Islamic countries and the developing world, as well as the primacy of the regional view in the international relations within a framework of an “aggressive but software foreign policy”. The economic plans of the ninth government at regional and international levels, including goals related to the development of non-oil exports, attracting foreign investment, issuing technical and engineering services, and fighting against the sanctions, increased the responsibilities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the field of foreign economic relations more than ever. Furthermore, due to the concentration of all bilateral, multilateral and international economic affairs in the economic deputy of this ministry, the direct responsibility of the joint economic commissions with neighboring countries and several other important countries was assigned to this deputy. Throughout the presidency of Ahmadinejad, the government sought to establish a political-economic relationship through a special attitude and reading. During this period, the government, with a revisionist view of the structure of the international system and with a kind of aggressive political literature, cast Iran into the list of security-threatening countries, and its nuclear diplomacy eventually led to international economic sanctions against Iran. This period is considered a failure of Iranian diplomacy and the abandonment of foreign investors.

The ancient Persian epistles, in addition to containing pure moral advice and wisdom, contain many wonderful and interesting teachings in the field of practical wisdom, especially the customs and methods of governing and how to govern. In Iranshahri political thought, the prince, as the basic core of this thought, must have special features and functions to be able to guide Iranshahr to order, security, prosperity, and progress. The ideological and theoretical apparatus we have considered for this study is to benefit from Foucault's ideas about governance. In this study, considering the many similarities that exist between governance in the metaphysical era, and the ancient Iranian mirror of princes; this theoretical device can adapt to the research topic. The main question of the research is what features should the Ideal prince have in the ancient Iranian mirror of princes? The basic hypothesis of the research is this: in the ancient Persian mirror of princes, the prince must have characteristics such as wisdom, justice, efforts to develop the country, religiosity, security, and law

One of the most important concerns that have occupied the minds of Iranian intellectuals and thinkers for many years before the Constitution is the way "us" deal with the "other"; An important issue that became more important in the 1960s and 1970s, especially in the form of "Iranian identity" and "returning to self"; So that many writers such as Jalal AlAhmad, Shariati, Fardid and Nasr addressed this issue in their works. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to examine the question of what epistemological system can be understood by the confrontation of "us" with the "other" in Shariati political thought. To this end, in order to understand and interpret this question, we tried to test this hypothesis by dissecting the propositions in Bakhtin's theory; That Ali Shariati's approach to the issue of "us" confronting the "other", despite his efforts to understand the "other" and identify the "other", eventually led to the strengthening of a monologue; The possibility of a favorable encounter with the "other" and, more precisely, "dialogue with the other" was realized in a very weak and fragile way.

In this article, we will examine the concept of tradition and modernity in Dariush Shayegan's thought based on a combination of Carl Gustav Jung's collective psychoanalysis and Heidegger's hermeneutic theory which is the basis for the revival of Eastern spirituality in the face of the dominance of modernity over non-European cultures. Based on this argument, hermeneutics seeks to interpret the text and explain the process of understanding. Hermeneutics is a philosophical tradition of reflection that seeks to elucidate the concept of understanding and answer the question of what constitutes the meaning of everything meaningful. Therefore, in fields such as philosophy, theology, literary criticism and social sciences and philosophy of science, we are witnessing the increasing use of hermeneutics and related topics. Dariush Shayegan is one of the few thinkers and intellectuals in the last 5 decades in Iran who is contemporary with intellectuals such as Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Reza Davari Ardakani, Dariush Ashouri and Ehsan Naraghi; And Shayegan’s unique characteristics set him apart from his contemporaries. One of the important and key issues in the works of Shayegan and his contemporaries is the issue of tradition and modernity in the face of the Iranian people with this issue.

This comparative study aimed to investigate anthropology and the status of the ruler from the perspectives of Hobbes and Khajeh Nezam Al-Mulk. On the one hand, we have Hobbes representing Western Thinking where God and Religion have no position as the human soul has prevailed, while, on the other hand, we have a Muslim thinker whose ideas have been derived taken from the Qur'an and a Hadith (Quotes from the Prophet). In this research, we first seek to review the political thinking of Hobbes and Khajeh Nezam Al-Mulk Tusi, and secondly, to investigate the position of the government in the thinking of these two thinkers. Using the library method, data were collected and after the data were collected, the differences and similarities between the two views were stated and finally, the following results were inferred: 1- There are fundamental differences between the two views and ideas of these two philosophers with the differences being that Hobbes thinks only based on mundane and human thinking and encounters many doubts and contradictions, whereas Khajeh states his thinking based on Islam and Revelation. 2. Hobbes's political thinking is originally extra-religious and is based on the social contract, while the political thinking of Khajeh Nezam Al-Mulk is based on religion and religious decrees. However, the two thinkers are mostly similar in the sense that they regard security preceding over justice and equality being the most important concept when justifying the absolute governance. The most important findings of this study suggest that Hobbes focuses more on the law as being more in favor of the ruler with the people following the ruler completely; hence this is a prelude to the formation of absolute states. This is while Khajeh considers people slaves to the ruler while emphasizing the ruler's Divine Right. Accordingly, this could intensify domination. The two thinkers consider the security of the people and the society under the shadow of the ruler with Hobbes regarding the ruler as an elected representative of the people and social contract and Khajeh calling him as selected by God. In this article, attempts were made to review and compare the issues using the historical and analytical method proposed by Skinner.

Imam's defense thought has a comprehensive framework, system and generality. Defense according to the ideas of Imam Khomeini (PBUH) is of a divine and humanistic nature. He has selected his defensive approach within a purely religious and defensive nature and has maintained being defensively motivated as being the ideals of the religion. In Imam's view, defense is a legitimate response of human being to guarantee his material and spiritual life and to preserve his human dignity and honor against the invading agents, which is an obligatory and divine duty. His defense thoughts are not confined to the borders. What mattered to him in the highest degree, has been defending the interests of the Muslim world as the centerpiece of the defense ideas. Since to Imam Khomeini (PBUH) Islam and the divine objectives are the axis of his defense thoughts. In fact, his defense discourse is based on staving off all the threats from Islam, and the Islamic world. Imam Khomeini's resolute and uncompromising move in defense of Islamic nations has left some effects, some of which are: restoring the glory of Islam and Muslims, ousting the dirty colonial hands from the Muslim countries, awakening the Islamic and non-Islamic nations, unity against the common enemy, increasing confidence and self-esteem among the nations, etc. This article intends to examine the position of defense in the thoughts and biography of Imam Khomeini (PBUH) and tries to study and analyze the role of Imam (PBUH) in defending the oppressed Islamic nations.