مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (ربیع 1443)

Lately, we have come across a new model of writing emerged from the feminine criticism. This writing, despite being called differently, became known as feminine writing and is based on different forms and content and seeks to add a feminine identity to literature in order to remove female writers from their isolation and seeks to identify their strengths and innovations to pave the way for reaching phenomenal experiences. In this paper, by studying three poetic collections of Nariman Allush, we have tried reach a conclusion on the poet’s writing style in this research.  Using descriptive-analytical method, we seek to highlight the nature of womenchr('39')s writing and reveal the techniques of Nariman Alloushchr('39')s poetic structure. In this important matter, we have gone beyond menchr('39')s writing and entered the realm of womenchr('39')s literature, which seeks to legitimize their writing. In the course of our study, we focused on the poetchr('39')s four-dimensional aspects i.e. her partiality, simplicity, and poetic decoration, and vision that donchr('39')t exist in the real world and reached to the conclusion that: Nariman Allushchr('39')s poetry has got a modern taste in structure and similarly she considers partiality and simplicity as the two fundamental aspects in her writing. In the meantime, by using the decor technique, she has revealed the reality of womenchr('39')s lives, especially their position in Eastern societies, as well as examples of misogyny for the audience.

Islamic architecture has long been recognized as one of the most important part of architecture in the history of world architecture, and despite the statement expressed by many scholars and historians in this field; the question that is always concerned is that, what is Islamic architecture? What are the different interpretations raised regarding this architecture? What was the status of the Orientalistschr('39') view on Islamic architecture, and what was the difference in their interpretations? The history of art and Islamic architecture in the world dates back to about half a century, and the origin of "Islamic architecture" can be attributed to the beginning of the Orientalism movement in the West. Orientalists and Western theorists in defining Islamic architecture have expressed many different interpretations. The study of different perspectives in this field shows that not all interpreters and theorists are in the same position and have a different perception associated to the works of Islamic architecture. Considering the two historical (historiographer) and the legal (epistemological) views of this architecture shows the difference in their approach on this issue. In each of these approaches, the order of form and meaning are examined. The historical approach, in terms of form and framework, interprets the Islamic works and what was important for them to be considered has been the change in the form of architecture. However, legal approach, considers art and Islamic architecture as one of the manifestations of Islamic thought that has richness within itself, so that this architecture, as a language that tells the truth, has emerged from the level of meaning to the level of emergence. Using interpretive-historical methods as well as library and documentary information, this article seeks to review the Islamic architecture from the perspective of historians and Orientalists and provide a clear interpretation of Islamic architecture for today’s audience.

Based on Islamic era sources, inscribed robes were one of the valuable art works during the Ale- Buyid period that were gifted to courtiers in official ceremonies as a sign of honor for their loyalty. These robes normally contained the name of the ruler. In the Ale-Buyid period, a combination of both Shi’a and Iranian-Sasanian led to the creation of a new style of art. From the remains of that period, number of textiles with inscriptions was discovered from two enclosures of Broj-e Nagharekhane and Bibi Shahrbanu in Ray. According to archaeological reports, the scripted textiles were used as shrouds or to cover graves. The inscriptions are in both plain and ornamental Kufic styles and in most of the cases, beside its function to convey a massage, had decorative functions too. Based on 25 scripted textile pieces from Ale-Buyid period which mostly were discovered from Ray, this research attempts to reveal the meaning and also the literature sources of the inscriptions. The data has been collected through library studies. This research shows that the texts contain prayers, ethical massage and some poems from Arab poets from the first Hijri to the Ale-Buyid period. In some cases, embroidery has changed the shape of the letters to create a rhythmic pattern in the text and for this reason; the text is illegible or contains a visual or written error. This shows that writing was as important as its content. Most of the fabrics obtained based on the content were robes, and the content of the inscriptions often had an individual audience and a prayer sentence.

Given the current turbulent business environment, it will not give business owners a decent market share in the conventional way, and the need for innovative and entrepreneurial approaches to the market is strongly felt. Entrepreneurial marketing is the business infrastructure and the most important platform for small and medium business in the field of selected IT companies. Given the background of this field, there is a lack of research in this area, especially on the mediating role of entrepreneurial behavior. The present study is based on applied purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature and method. In the analysis section of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, since the results showed that the distribution of data was not normal, Smart Pls software was used for data analysis. The PLS method covers three sections for fitting and evaluating the validity of structural equation models i.e. fitting measurement models, structural model fitting, general model fitting. The results showed that the conceptual model has a good fit. Also, to test the research hypotheses, the path coefficient and the statistical value of t-tests were all confirmed and concluded that entrepreneurial marketing affects small and medium-sized businesses with the mediating role of entrepreneurial behavior.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of legal management components and participation of stakeholders in the ecotourism industry on attracting business angels in Kermanshah province. This research is based on mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. The variables of this study are based on the relative consensus of experts and have been extracted using the Delphi technique. In the first part, the sample consists of 25 experts in the field of tourism and academia, and the second part includes the distribution of questionnaires among 100 people working in this field which was selected considering three indices: Entrepreneurs, Executives and Graduates of tourism industry in Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used to test the model and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to answer the research questions using SmartPLS version 3 software. According to the results, AVE coefficient for all model constructs with greater than 0.5 and valid convergent validity indicates the impact of managerial-legal components and participation of ecotourism stakeholders on attracting business angels. The path coefficients for each are 0.38 and 0.65, respectively, so management-legal components and stakeholder engagement are effective in attracting capital, expertise and energy from business angels.

Entrepreneurial attitude of Entrepreneurs are an important component of human capital that acts as a context for decision-making processes and is shaped by individual preferences for independence, risk-taking and the implementation of new ideas, among other aspects that lead to entrepreneurial behaviors. In this research, with focusing on explaining the role of educational programs on entrepreneurial attitude of banking industry employees, we seek to identify the factors influencing those attitudes. This study is applied research and in terms of data collection is descriptive-correlation.The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and Proportional stratified samplingmethod among the employees of Tejarat Bank branches in Tehran. Data analysis was done using the structural equation modeling approach. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha for all constructs was higher than 0.7, average extracted variance was higher than 0.5, and construct validity and reliability were confirmed. According to the results, training programs in the organization have a positive impact on the entrepreneurial attitude of individuals. The combination of the characteristics of the training team in the organization has the most impact on the entrepreneurial attitude. Therefore, in the banking industry, training programs with strong training teams are expected to achieve better results.