فهرست مطالب

World Journal of Peri and Neonatology - Volume:3 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2020

Journal of World Journal of Peri and Neonatology
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/03/18
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Reza Bahrami, Hossein Neamatzadeh*, Elahe Akbarian Pages 48-49

    Dear editor, Several studies stated that course of COVID-19 in children is considerably better than adults.1–3 COVID-19 mortality rates in infected children is less than 1%.4,5 Some studies indicated the importance of renal function surveillance among infected children with COVID-19.4 However, there was no sufficient data on renal complications in infected children. The available data showed that ventilation in the infected children might be less aggressive and had less systemic involvement and renal dysfunction than adult patients.5 Normal renal function defined by serum creatinine (SCr) greater than 110 μmol/L or serum urea greater than 7 mmol/L. Shah et al., reported that the infection might be associated with new-onset nephrotic syndrome in the children.6 A study from northern China evaluated the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 infected children (6 months -17 years) from six provinces. The study showed that the clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results are nonspecific in the infected children. Moreover, renal function and blood glucose were normal in the infected children.7 Other study among nine Chinese infected infants (age ranges: 1-11 months) showed that those infants did not require intensive care and had no serious complications.8 In a study, Qui et al. described the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 36 Chinese hospitalized children (age 0–16 years). Their results showed that none of the children had renal dysfunction.9 Stewart et al., described data of 52 infected children (age 0–16 years) who referred to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (London, UK). Their data showed that 24 (46%) of those children had a SCr greater than the upper limit of reference interval (ULRI), and 15 (29%) met the British Association of Pediatric Nephrology (BAPN) diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury (AKI). Moreover, most cases of AKI occurred in those children who admitted to the pediatrics ICU (PICU) and those children with pediatrics inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporarily associated with the infection.4 Deep et al., have reported that the incidence of AKI in infected children might be between 2% and 3%.5 But, their reports was less than the epidemiology of 26% renal dysfunction in children admitted to PICU.10 Moreover, González-Dambrauskas et al., in a multicenter epidemiological study of critically ill children indicated that AKI occurred in 18% of patients. They proposed that pediatric patients with a comorbidity such as congenital heart diseases and congenital renal diseases and renal transplant patients are at higher risk of renal complications.11

  • Atiyeh Javaheri, Mahmood Noorishadkam, Mahta Mazaheri, Ali Dadbinpour, Seyed Alireza Dastgheib, Reza Bahrami *, Mojgan Karimi Zarchi, Fatemeh Asadian, Hossein Neamatzadeh Pages 50-55
    Background

    To date, some cases of perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have been reported. However, it is unanswered if these occurred via the trans-placental or the trans-cervical route or through environmental exposure.

    Methods

    To address this question, we conducted this study to review the current state of knowledge about the transplacental transmission of COVID-19.

    Results

    There are no known placental findings associated with the COVID-19 infection. The possibility of intrauterine infection has been based mainly on the detection of IgM in the neonatal blood. Real time-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are required to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission.

    Conclusion

    There is currently no sufficient and convincing evidence about the transplacental transmission of SARS-COV-2 infection in pregnant mothers. However, the paucity of placental expression of ACE-2 involved in the cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2 may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection.

    Keywords: COVID-19, SARS‐CoV‐2, Placenta, Intrauterine Transmission, Transplacental Transmission, Neonates
  • Karim Daliri, Neda Seifi Shalamzari *, Maryam Saeida Ardekani, Sedigheh Ekraminasab, Hossein Neamatzadeh Pages 56-61
    Background

    Dental caries also known as baby bottle tooth decay, is a critical public health problem around the world for which Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) has been introduced as the main infectious etiology. In the past two decades, nanotechnology has permitted the development of new materials with antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to compare the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of three golden nanoparticles (SP, NR, and CS) on S.mutans.

    Methods

    To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), a liquid dilution method was applied.

    Results

    All golden nanoparticles (GNPs) showed antimicrobial activity with no statistically significant differences (> 0.05) in MIC or MBC.

    Conclusion

    Our findings revealed that the size and shape of the nanoparticles did not significantly affect the antimicrobial properties of the GNPs. This finding might be useful for achieving important clinical effects with reduced toxicity in the management of early childhood caries in future in vivo studies.

    Keywords: Dental caries, Nanoparticles, Streptococcus mutans, Antimicrobial, Fluoride
  • Razieh Alivand, Fatemeh Abdi, Mahmood Dehghani Ashkezari *, Hossein Neamatzadeh, Sedigheh Ekraminasab Pages 62-68
    Background

    Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is one of the major problems of public health globally. The thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) gene is a plasma zymogen that regulates both fibrinolysis and inflammation. Genetic variants within TAFI gene are presumed to be associated with development of RM. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association of TAFI +505A>G polymorphism with RM in Iranian women referred to Meybod Genetic Center.

    Methods

    Fifty women with RM (at least 2 miscarriages) and 50 healthy women with no history of miscarriage or other fertility complications were participated in this study. The TAFI +505A>G polymorphism was genotyped by allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay.

    Results

    The mean age of cases with RM and controls was 27.25 ± 4.31 and 28.42 ± 3.22 years, respectively. The frequency of GG genotype and G allele was 0.00% in patients and controls. There was no significant difference between RM cases and controls in terms of +505A>G genotypes and alleles.

    Conclusion

    This study results indicated that there was no significant relationship between the TAFI +505A>G polymorphism and RM risk in Iranian women. However, further rigorous, studies with a larger sample size and different ethnicity are necessary to confirm our findings.

    Keywords: Recurrent Miscarriage, Abortion, TAFI Gene, Polymorphism
  • Reza Bahrami, Seyed Alireza Dastgheib *, Hossein Golestanpour, Elahe Akbarian, Alireza Emarati, Mohammad Jafari Nedooshan, Hossein Neamatzadeh Pages 69-77
    Background

    Preterm birth is one of the main contributors to newborn mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization in the first year of life globally. To date, several numbers of studies have reported that Angiotensin-Converting enzyme Insertion/Deletion polymorphism (ACE I/D) is linked with preterm birth. But those results are conflicting. Thus, we carried out this meta-analysis to summarize the existing data and evaluated the association.

    Methods

    All eligible studies were collected from PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, MedRxiv, SID, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBLD) up to 01 March 2021. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) under all five genetic models were calculated using either random-effects or fixed-effects models dependent on study heterogeneity.

    Results

    A total of five case-control studies with 480 preterm birth cases and 702 healthy subjects were included. Pooled data showed that the ACE I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of preterm birth under the allele model (I vs. D: OR = 1.219, 95% CI 1.023-1.453, P = 0.027), homozygote model (II vs. DD: OR = 0.662, 95% CI 1.149-2.385, P = 0.007), and recessive model (DD vs. DI+II: OR = 0.707, 95% CI 1.082-1.948, P = 0.013). Stratified analysis by ethnicity indicated that the ACE I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with preterm birth in Caucasian descendants.

    Conclusion

    Our pooled data revealed that ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with the risk of preterm birth. However, larger and more rigorous studies among different populations are needed to evaluate the association with preterm birth.

    Keywords: Preterm Birth, Delivery, ACE, Polymorphism, Meta-analysis
  • MohamadHosein Lookzadeh, Seyed Reza Mirjalili, Sedigheh Ekraminasab * Pages 78-86

    Neonatal thrombocytopenia (NT) is a common hemostatic abnormalitiy among newborn in the NICU, which increases with the degree of prematurity. It is well documented that this disease has a large range of feasible etiologies. Prematurity, early and late-onset sepsis and asphyxia are the most usual causes of NT. Moreover, FNAIT is the major risk for intracranial hemorrhage in the fetus or newborn. Here, we reviewed the causes for NT, in both newborns and mothers. We demonstrated the factors associated with NT in the newborn including placental insufficiency, fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), prematurity, sepsis, and asphyxia. The causes of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women and its impact on newborns were also described. This review showed that gestational thrombocytopenia was the most common cause of thrombocytopenia with an incidence of 70-80%, followed by preeclampsia, HELLP and ITP. But neonates born to mothers with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) had a higher risk for NT and hemorrhagic problems. In ITP, neonatal platelets are destroyed by maternal autoantibodies. We reviewed the causes of thrombocytopenia in neonates and mothers in two groups of immune and nonimmune factors. However, it seems that immunological factors are the most severe form of NT. However, it is necessary to separate NT etiology for differential diagnosis.

    Keywords: Neonatal, Immune Thrombocytopenia, gestational thrombocytopenia, immune, non-immune, etiology
  • Naser Ali Mirhosseini *, Sana Taghiyar, Mahdieh Saatchi Pages 87-89
    Background

    Hereditary hyperphosphatasia is a congenital and rare disease with high bone turn over. The disease is defined with extremely elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Neonates with hyperphosphatasia are normal at birth but develop progressive long bone deformities, fracture, vertebral collapse, skull enlargement due to massively thickened calvarium, and deafness.

    Case Presentation

    Here, we described a male patient with progressive deformity in limbs and pain during walking that onset of symptoms was from age of two. The patient admitted to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, was born from a non-consanguineous marriage. He was treated with pamidronate until halt of the disease progression and followed up for 18 months.

    Conclusion

    Bisphosphonate is the treatment of choice for hyperphosphatasia because it can normalize bone turnover, improve growth rates, and skeletal quality.

    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase, Deformities, Hyperphosphatasia, Pamidronate
  • Mahtab Ordooei, Fariba Binesh, Azam Ashrafi, Farzad Ferdosian *, Maryam Saeida Ardekani Pages 90-93
    Background

    Diagnosis of neonatal chylomicronemia, as a very rare condition, is very difficult and usually is diagnosed when acute pancreatitis sets in. Early diagnosis can prevent the complications such as acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis which are associated with the condition.

    Case Presentation

    A 5.5 month- old female breastfed baby presented to us suffering from splenomegaly because of respiratory infection. Anemia and leukocytosis were seen in laboratory data. The result of bone marrow aspiration (BMA) performed to diagnosis was normal. Following the study, the patient had a high triglyceride, which improved with the treatment of symptoms and blood indices.

    Conclusion

    Our case reports a rare disorder that was initially admitted with suspicion of malignancy, organomegaly, anemia and leukocytosis. In the course of hospitalization, the diagnosis of malignancy was rejected after BMA, and chylomicronemia was diagnosed and the patient's leukocytosis and high uric acid were eliminated by treatment of the disease and the patient's symptoms were improved.

    Keywords: Chylomicronemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Hemolytic Anemia, Leukocytosis, Pancreatitis